HLA-A31
| HLA-A31 (MHC Class I, A cell surface antigen) | |||
 | |||
| HLA-A31 | |||
| - | |||
| Protein | transmembrane receptor/ligand | ||
| Structure | αβ heterodimer | ||
| Subunits | HLA-A*3101, β2-microglobulin | ||
| Older names | "A19" | ||
| - | |||
| subtype | allele | Available structures | |
| A31 | *3101 | ||
| rare alleles | |||
| A31.2 | *3102 | ||
| Alleles link-out to IMGT/HLA database at EBI | |||
HLA-A31 (A31) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α31 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A31, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus.[1] This group currently is dominated by A*3101. A31 and A*31 are almost synonymous in meaning. A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A31 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A32, A33, and A74.
Further information: HLA serotypes explained
A31 is more common in South and Central America.
Serotype
| A*31 | A31 | A19 | A30 | Sample |
| allele | % | % | % | size (N) |
| *3101 | 90 | 1 | 3 | 3517 |
| *3102 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
There is substantive false reaction of A30 with A*3101, otherwise serological identification is good.
Distribution
| Study population |
Freq. (in %)[3] |
|---|---|
| USA New Mexico Canoncito … | 26.8 |
| Argentina Chiriguanos | 26.4 |
| Argentina Salta Wichis | 23.7 |
| India Tamil Nadu Nadar | 18.9 |
| Mexico Michoacan Tarasco | 18.4 |
| Brazil Terena | 18.3 |
| USA South Dakota Lakota S… | 18.1 |
| Mexico Sonora Seri | 15.2 |
| Japan Hyogo | 14.1 |
| Colombia Mestizos | 13.3 |
| India Andhra Pradesh Goll… | 13.1 |
| Mexico Teenek Huasteca Re… | 12.1 |
| Japan Ainu Hokkaido | 12.0 |
| Guatemala Mayans | 10.9 |
| Brazil Parana Oriental | 10.6 |
| Mexico Chihuahua State Ta… | 10.2 |
| Peru Lamas City Lama | 10.2 |
| Russia Tuva (2) | 9.8 |
| China Tibetan | 9.2 |
| Saudi Arabia Guraiat and … | 8.7 |
| India Kerala Hindu Ezhava | 8.3 |
| Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz… | 8.3 |
| Japan Okinawa Ryukyuan | 8.1 |
| USA North American Native… | 7.8 |
| Japan Aichi | 7.6 |
| USA Arizona Pima | 7.6 |
| Mongolia Buriat | 7.5 |
| China North Han | 7.1 |
| Japan Central | 7.1 |
| Mongolia Khalha | 7.0 |
| South Africa Natal Tamil | 7.0 |
| Mexico Zaptotec Oaxaca | 6.7 |
| Mongolia Khoton Tarialan | 6.5 |
| India Khandesh Pawra | 6.0 |
| Mongolia Oold | 5.8 |
| Saudi Arabia | 5.7 |
| China Inner Mongolia | 5.4 |
| South Korea | 5.4 |
| Papua New Guinea Madang | 5.1 |
| Finland | 5.0 |
| Chuvash | 4.9 |
| USA Hispanic | 4.9 |
| France South East | 4.7 |
| Sakhalin Island Nivkhi | 4.7 |
| Pakistan Sindhi | 4.4 |
| Belgium | 4.2 |
| Pakistan Kalash | 4.2 |
| Portugal South | 4.1 |
| Brazil | 4.0 |
| India Jalpaiguri Toto | 3.8 |
| Spain North Cabuernigo | 3.8 |
| Sweden Uppsala County | 3.8 |
| China Beijing | 3.7 |
| German Essen | 3.6 |
| Sri Lanka Colombo Sinhale… | 3.5 |
| Zambia Lusaka | 3.5 |
| Spain Catalonia Girona | 3.4 |
| Sweden Stockholm | 3.4 |
| Algeria1 | 3.0 |
| Croatia | 3.0 |
| India New Delhi | 3.0 |
| Papua New Guinea Karimui … | 3.0 |
| Spain Basque Gipuzkoa Pro… | 3.0 |
| Sudanese | 3.0 |
| Wales | 3.0 |
| England Sheffield | 2.8 |
| China South Han | 2.8 |
| Czech Republic | 2.8 |
| Thailand | 2.8 |
| USA San Antonio Caucasian… | 2.7 |
| Italy Bergamo | 2.7 |
| Brazil Belo Horizonte | 2.6 |
| Ireland Northern | 2.6 |
| England Liverpool | 2.6 |
| China Yunnan Nu | 2.5 |
| Italy | 2.5 |
| Oman | 2.5 |
| Scotland Orkney | 2.5 |
| Uganda Kampala | 2.5 |
| England Newcastle | 2.4 |
| Mexico Mestizos | 2.4 |
| New Caledonia | 2.4 |
| Romanian | 2.3 |
| Iran Baloch | 2.2 |
| Ireland South | 2.2 |
| Morocco 'Berber' Nador Me… | 2.1 |
| Serbia | 2.1 |
| Burkina Faso Fulani | 2.0 |
| Georgia Svaneti Svans | 1.9 |
| Russia Northwest | 1.8 |
| Bulgaria | 1.8 |
| Georgia Tibilisi Kurds | 1.7 |
| Jordan Amman | 1.7 |
| Greece North | 1.6 |
| Tunisia | 1.5 |
| Thailand Northeast | 1.4 |
| Spain Basque Arratia Vall… | 1.3 |
| USA African Americans | 1.3 |
| Israel Gaza Palestinians | 1.2 |
| Allele frequencies presented, only | |
Haplotypes
| freq | ||
| ref. | Population | (%) |
| A31-B35 (A*310102:Cw*0401:B*3501) | ||
| Lakota Souix (USA) | 4.1 | |
| Indig American (USA) | 3.7 | |
| Mestizo (Guad. Mexico) | 1.5[4] | |
| Tibetan | 1.1 | |
| Jews (England) | 1.3 | |
| Tibetan | 1.1 | |
| Italian | 0.6 | |
| Japanese | 0.5 | |
| French | 0.5 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.4 | |
| German | 0.3 | |
| A31-B39 (A*310102:Cw*0701:B*3901) | ||
| Mixtec (Oax. Mexico) | 10.0 | |
| Lakota Souix (USA) | 1.6 | |
| Japanese | 0.3 | |
| German | 0.1 | |
| A31-B48 (A*310102:B*4801) | ||
| Orochon (Russia) | 6.0 | |
| Maya (Guatemala) | 3.5 | |
| Buriat | 3.4 | |
| Japanese | 0.3 | |
| A31-B51 (A*310102:B*5101) | ||
| Ainu (Hokkaido Japan) | 8.9 | |
| Indig. Brazil | 5.8 | |
| Orochon (Russia) | 5.3 | |
| Indig American (USA) | 4.3 | |
| Tibetan | 3.3 | |
| Inner Mongolian | 3.0 | |
| Japanese | 3.0 | |
| Portuguese | 1.6 | |
| Korean | 1.2 | |
| Italian | 0.9 | |
| French | 0.5 | |
| German | 0.3 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.2 | |
| (A*310102:B*5102) | ||
| Tarahumura (Mexico) | 5.7 | |
| Vietnamese | 1.0 | |
| A31-B60 (A*310102:Cw*0304:B*4001) | ||
| Lusaka (Zambia) | 2.3 | |
| Yakuts (Russia) | 2.0 | |
| Irish | 0.7 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.7 | |
| Japan | 0.6 | |
| Dutch | 0.6 | |
| German | 0.4 | |
| A31-B62 (A*310102:B*1501) | ||
| Nivkhi (Sakalin, Russia) | 12.5 | |
| Yakut(Russia) | 5.5 | |
| Indig. Brazil | 4.1 | |
| Manchu | 1.1 | |
| Japan | 0.4 | |
| German | 0.2 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.2 | |
Examination of A31 haplotypes reveals a probable connection across northern Eurasia during the prehistoric period. Frequencies of the more 'tale-tell' haplotypes (A31-B60, B61, and B62) fall from NE to SW Europe. Other haplotypes appears to have spread from the Middle East (A31-B51 and A31-B35).
References
- ↑ Arce-Gomez B, Jones EA, Barnstable CJ, Solomon E, Bodmer WF (February 1978). "The genetic control of HLA-A and B antigens in somatic cell hybrids: requirement for beta2 microglobulin". Tissue Antigens 11 (2): 96–112. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1978.tb01233.x. PMID 77067.
- ↑ Allele Query Form IMGT/HLA - European Bioinformatics Institute
- ↑ Middleton D, Menchaca L, Rood H, Komerofsky R (2003). "New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net". Tissue Antigens 61 (5): 403–7. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00062.x. PMID 12753660.
- ↑ B*3512