HEC Paris

HEC Paris
Hautes études commerciales de Paris
Motto Apprendre à oser
Motto in English
 The more you know, the more you dare
Established 1881
Type Business school
President Henri Proglio[1]
Dean Bernard Ramanantsoa
Academic staff
 115
Students 4,000
Location Jouy-en-Josas, France
Campus Urban
Colors Blue and White          
Affiliations ParisTech
Website www.hec.edu

HEC Paris or école des Hautes Etudes Commerciales de Paris is a European business school located in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. HEC is the business school of ParisTech and is considered as one of the most prominent business schools in the world.[2] It was ranked as the best business school in Europe seven times in the eight-year period between 2006 and 2013 in the Financial Times ranking, and ranked 2nd in Europe in 2014[3] Among the most selective French grandes écoles, and traditionally seen as the most prestigious French business school,[4] HEC offers its flagship Master in Management – Grande école program, MBA and EMBA programs, eleven specialized MSc programs, a PhD program, and many executive education offerings. It holds the Triple accreditation : AMBA, EQUIS, and AACSB.[5]

Overview

HEC Paris was created in 1881 by the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry on the model of French grandes écoles and has progressively become one of the most selective graduate schools in Europe. On average, it has been ranked as the best business school in Europe by the Financial Times[6] since the ranking's inception.

The school grants a Grande Ecole degree (MSc in Management), pre-experience master’s degrees, an MBA, two EMBA and offers a PhD program. It has several double degree agreements (Public Policy, Management and Technology, International Business, Sustainable Development, Environmental Development, Management Studies, Business Administration, Law and Diplomacy) with foreign business schools and universities as well as other French institutions.

As is also the case for other top French grandes écoles, HEC’s reputation relies on its highly competitive entrance exam, a concours jointly organized with other French business schools. Among the 9,500 students seating the concours after 2 years of preparatory classes, HEC has an admission rate of 4% and a yield of 99.7%.[7]

HEC is among the few grandes écoles and is known to educate Europe's top executives and political elite, and has many notable alumni in business and politics. In 2011, 12 of the 40 largest French publicly traded companies have an alumnus of HEC Paris as CEO (or equivalent).[8] With regards to the number of CEOs of Fortune Global 500 companies, HEC ranks as the 4th higher education institution in the world, and the 1st in Europe.[9]

History

In 1819, the École supérieure de commerce de Paris became the first business school created in the world.[10] Yet, many of the most prestigious French Grandes Écoles already existed. For example, the Arts et Métiers ParisTech, the École Polytechnique, the ENSTA and the École Normale Supérieure were created before or during the French Revolution.

Most business schools were created decades later, at the end of the 19th century, and were less attractive than universities. Established in 1881 by the Paris Chamber of Commerce (CCIP), the École des Hautes Études Commerciales (HEC) wanted to be in the fields of management and trade what Centrale Paris was in the field of engineering. In order to gain recognition from the academic world, the school offered lessons similar to what was taught in secondary education and few classes in management.

In 1921, the school introduced the case-based method of the Harvard Business School, but most of lectures remained theoretical. In 1938, HEC program was lengthened to 3 years.

Due to French corporations demand for North American style management education, at the end of the 1950s the case-based method was generalized and a one-year classe preparatoire was created to prepare the entrance examination which had become difficult. An evidence of the recognition of the diploma is that only 9% of HEC students also attended university in 1959, whereas 47% had done so in 1929.

In 1964, French President Charles de Gaulle inaugurated a new 250-acre (1.0 km2) wooded campus in Jouy-en-Josas. In 1967, HEC launched its executive education programs. At that time, the CCIP wanted HEC to become an MBA school like Harvard. Since the alumni opposed this project, the CCIP established a new school in 1969, the Institut Supérieur des Affaires (ISA). Yet HEC and ISA joined forces in the "Centre d'enseignement supérieur des affaires" the following year. This group changed its named to "Groupe HEC" in 1989.

Women have been accepted at HEC only since 1973. Only 27 girls were accepted that year and "HEC jeunes filles" (HECJF), another school dedicated to women, disappeared. Its alumni are officially considered as graduated from HEC. HECJF alumni include, for example, Édith Cresson, the first and to date the only woman to have held the office of Prime Minister of France.

During the 1970s, HEC began to become global. It signed a partnership with the New York University and the London School of Economics in 1973, and has recruited foreign students since 1975. In 1988, HEC founded the CEMS network with ESADE, the Bocconi University and the Cologne University.

In 2015, the school will adopt a new legal status to allow private investors to join the Board.[11]

Rankings

    Area 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
University ranking
  Mines ParisTech
# of CEOs of Fortune Global 500		   World         4th 6th 5th 7th  
  The New York Times
Survey of CEOs and Chairmen		   World       9th          
Business School
  Financial Times Business School   Europe 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
Grande Ecole – MSc in Management
  L'Express   France 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
L'Expansion 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd
Le Point 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st  
Challenge 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd
Le Figaro & L'Etudiant 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
Financial Times Grande Ecole   World 2nd 4th 4th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st 1st 1st
  CEMS (Majeure)       2nd 2nd 1st 3rd 2nd  
Master in Finance
  Financial Times (Pre-experience)   World 1st 1st 1st 1st          
Master in Business Administration
  Financial Times     World 21st 21st 18th 18th 18th 29th 18th 18th  
    Europe       6th 6th 10th      
Wall Street Journal   World               9th 16th
  Europe                  
The Economist     World 4th 8th     9th 14th      
    Europe 1st 2nd     3rd 6th      
QS     Europe         7th 9th      
Forbes                    
Businessweek                    
Executive Education
  Financial Times EMBA   World     3rd 2nd 3rd 2nd 3rd 2nd  
Ex. Education 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 2nd 5th      

HEC ranked as the top business school in Europe 7 times in the 9-year period between 2006 and 2014 in the Financial Times ranking.[12][13] Additionally, HEC is ranked 5th worldwide (and 1st in Europe followed by Oxford University) for the number of alumni holding a CEO position for Fortune 500 Global companies.[14]

In 2011, The New York Times ranked HEC Paris among the ten best universities in the World according to a survey of chief executives and chairmen of leading companies, and the first outside the Anglo-Saxon world.[15]

In 2013, Challenges Magazine ranked HEC Paris as the best business school in France.[16]

Grande Ecole – MSc in Management

French magazines and newspapers rank HEC 1st in France almost every time. The choices made by French students clearly rank HEC 1st: in 2010, ESSEC lost 285 of its admitted students to HEC, ESCP Europe lost 331 of them to HEC, while only 1 student admitted at HEC chose another business school.

The Financial Times publishes a ranking of Masters in Management, and constantly ranks the Grande Ecole degree among the top 3 programmes worldwide (second in 2014[17]). The school was ranked 1st three times in the last five years. The CEMS MiM, a European programme offered to the students of the Grande Ecole is also ranked in the top 3.

Master in Business Administration (MBA)

The Master in Business Administration is generally ranked among the top 20 programmes worldwide (fourth in 2014 according to The Economist[18]).

Executive MBA

HEC offers a joint EMBA with the London School of Economics and the NYU Stern School of Business which is constantly ranked among the top 2 programmes worldwide by the Financial Times.

Executive Education

HEC Paris has been ranked #1 in the world in the latest Executive Education 2013 ranking of the Financial Times.[19]


Grande Ecole (Master in Management)

The HEC Paris Grand Ecole Master in Management (MiM) is HEC's leading program. It was ranked number one in the world by the Financial Times from 2005 to 2008. In 2010, HEC was ranked second to its "sister school"[20] ESCP Europe. Yet, in the 2007–2012 period, 1,961 students from preparatory classes enrolled at HEC while admitted at ESCP, whereas only 4 did the opposite.[21] Today, for the 2014 ranking, the HEC Paris Master in Management is ranked second.[22]

As of 2011, graduates of the Grande Ecole programme include 15 CEOs (or equivalent) of Fortune Global 500 companies.

In a new index that ranks universities by how many degrees they have awarded to the chief executives of the world’s biggest companies, HEC Paris ranks #5.[23]

Admissions

French students, unless they have studied abroad, must succeed at a competitive entrance examination, known as the concours. There are two concours, depending on undergraduate studies:

Holders of a non-French Bachelor's degree are required to submit a GMAT and a transcript of their grades before being interviewed.

Classes préparatoires

Lycée Henri IV in Paris was the primary source of new students in 2009

The classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles are a two-year curriculum extensible to three-years, acting as a prep course with the main goal of training undergraduate students for enrolment in one of the grandes écoles. They are considered as a voie royale in the French higher education system, except for law and medical studies, and less than 5% of a generation is admitted.

Each year, more than 9,000 students enroll in prep courses for entrance exams into business schools (known as "prépa HEC" while their real names are "ECS" or "ECE"). For a minimum of two years, préparationnaires study an average of 58 hours per week.[24] Their curriculum includes Mathematics, either Economic History or Economics, Philosophy, Literature, and two foreign languages. They have written and oral examinations every week.

The concours includes at least an examination in each subject studied and both written and oral examinations. Depending on how many schools students apply to, written examinations spread over two of three weeks. HEC requires 26 hours of written exams, all of them being shared with other schools such as ESSEC and ESCP Europe. Oral examinations take place on the campus for three or four days. They are public and attended by hundreds of visitors, mainly future candidates and professors.

In 2013, 9,992 students from preparatory classes were candidates to business schools. Among them, 5,169 were candidates to HEC. Among those 5,169 candidates, only 700 were invited to oral examinations, and 380 were offered admission. In 2012, the Grande Ecole's yield, or the percent of students who matriculate after being accepted, was 99.7% (379 out of 380). The hierarchy among grandes écoles is very rigid and students enrolling at ESSEC - commonly seen at its strongest rival in France[25] - while admitted at HEC are rare.[26] HEC has no waiting list.

Holders of a Bachelor's degree

French graduates with a licence (Bachelor's degree) can also apply for admission to the Grande Ecole programme through another dedicated concours. In 2010, 40 candidates out of 899 were offered admission (<4.5%). In practice, most of the 40 admitted candidates already hold a Master's degree. There is no waiting list.

The International Admissions Service manages the recruitment tests and interviews on behalf of HEC and three other Grandes Ecoles in France. Admission to this programme requires a degree gained upon successful completion of at least three years of university education outside France in any field.

French is not a requirement and the median GMAT of admitted students is 710.[27]

French and foreign admitted students enroll directly in the second year of the programme.

Curriculum

French students who attended a classe préparatoire are taught fundamental managerial sciences during their first year at HEC. Courses include economics, accounting, finance, law, psychology, sociology and mathematics (models, operations research, and statistics). During this first year, students can spend a semester in a foreign university (e.g. Wharton, Bocconi University, Trinity College, University of British Columbia...) . They can also enroll in a specific one-year program to get a Bachelor's degree from a French university (see below).

Direct admits, including international students, enter directly into the second year where they begin a business intensive program. Courses include corporate and market finance, accounting, marketing, law, mathematics, management, human resources, and supply chain. Second-year students are also given the opportunity to spend one semester in a foreign university. At the end of their second year, students choose specific majors, and must pass through a by far less competitive application process.

In order to graduate, students are required to have 8 months of internships. Since this is usually difficult during the summer, many students take a semester or year off for their internship, generally between the second and third year.

The final year of study covers intensive courses in the chosen major.

Dual degrees and joint programs

HEC Paris has numerous double degree agreements with French and foreign institutions. Some of them only make degrees of the partner institution available to HEC students while others also enable selected students of the partner institution to graduate from HEC (in italics).

Master in Management & Business Law (Double Degree HEC / Paris 1)

Master in Management & Public Affairs (Double Degrees)

Among French partner institutions, Ecole Polytechnique, Mines Paris, AgroParisTech ENSAE and Télécom Paris are other colleges of ParisTech.

Bachelor's degrees

During their first year at HEC, students from preparatory classes can get a Licence (BA) from a Parisian university.

Masters in Engineering and Technology

If they accept to study four years instead of three, students from preparatory classes can receive the degree of a ParisTech engineering school (Grande Ecole degree).

Masters in Law and Public Affairs

Research Masters

Masters in Management/Economics from foreign Universities

Placement

Among the top recent[28] [29] [30] employers were McKinsey & Company, The Boston Consulting Group, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, Bain & Company, Barclays, Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Morgan Stanley, Deutsche Bank. Finance and consulting sectors have recruited c. 60% the class of 2006. Among the employed of the class of 2013, 98% found a job within 3 months, the average annual salary just after graduation is 52K€ (average annual salary outside France: €57,591). According to Financial Times, the weighted salary of HEC MiM students three years after graduation is among the highest of all MiM graduates in the world.[31]

One year MSc / MS Programs

HEC welcomes in MSc and MS programs high-level students from all nationalities who hold a Bachelor degree or superior in any field.

The MSc in Finance (MIF) at HEC School of Management Paris was ranked #1 worldwide in 2014 by the Financial Times for the 4th consecutive year.[32]

The MIF is a 10-month full-time program offering a strong general education in finance covering both financial markets and corporate finance. The HEC MIF is designed for students with an excellent undergraduate degree in Business Administration and strong quantitative skills (calculus, probability and statistics). The curriculum consists of compulsory advanced courses in financial analysis, corporate finance, investments, derivatives pricing and international finance and a large number of specific electives in the field of finance. All compulsory courses are taught in English. Electives are offered either in French or in English which offers an exceptional opportunity for students who want to improve their French language skills.

Courses in the MIF are taught by recognized scholars publishing in top academic journals and by professionals. The program is very well recognized by the Finance industry. Managers from international investment banks, consulting firms and corporations regularly come on campus to address the students. Each October, the “Finance Forum” gathers financial institutions from Paris and London. Placement in top investment banks in London and Paris is very successful.

The objective of the program is to train students to become top corporate executives by equipping them with the capacity to apply economic concepts and methods to their work and by enhancing their understanding of the economic forces shaping the business and financial environment. A solid basis in economics and its applications is an invaluable asset for solving problems in all areas of management.

Students will have many opportunities to meet business leaders and top executives from financial institutions through consultancy projects, seminars, internships and career fairs organized on campus.

The MSc in Strategic Management is a 10-month program fully taught in English. Strongly supported by top international consulting firms, leading companies and investment banks which actively take part in its curriculum through business cases and numerous real-life company projects, the MSc in Strategic Management will provide students with the highest standard of technical and theoretical training. The HEC MSc Strategic Management aims to fulfill these objectives within a short period of time. This goal is met by building upon the specific knowledge and experience that our academic team brings to the program. They come both from HEC Paris’ outstanding faculty and from the best professionals working in top firms.

Participants from all around the world will benefit from the program’s international exposure, the involvement of corporate partners and the reputation of HEC Paris as a leading business school in Europe.

As France has long been recognized for fashion, luxury and a large number of premium brands (L’Oréal Paris, Pernod Ricard, etc.), it comes as no surprise that one key asset of HEC Paris has always been its expertise in the field of marketing. In fact, as the leading Business School in France, HEC Paris has constantly fueled with talents and innovative ideas leading global companies in French areas of excellence, such as Luxury (cf. chair with Kering, focused on Luxury strategies), Cosmetics and fashion at large (cf. Leadership Center with L’Oréal Paris), Premium brand management (cf. chair with Pernod Ricard), Aerospace (cf. chair with Safran)…

The objective of the program is to equip students with the necessary knowledge and techniques that will enable them to successfully solve a broad set of marketing problems. With that objective in mind, the Marketing faculty is composed both of academics who publish top notch research and of recognized professionals who bring with them a wealth of real-world cases.

Participants will be given frequent opportunities to interact with key players from the business world through conferences, workshops, projects, internships and career fairs organized on campus. They will also be given the chance to put their newly acquired knowledge into practice through live business cases with well-known companies, offering them an invaluable opportunity to enrich their skills.

The HEC MSc Sustainability and Social Innovation’s academic ambition is to shape international managers to prepare them for the huge challenge of building a sustainable economy. The curriculum focuses not only on giving students all the necessary knowledge on environmental and social stakes (climate change, biodiversity, poverty…) but also on the evolution of the context of companies (pressures of civil society, financial markets and soft and hard laws).

It also aims at teaching them important skills: how to transform, in a strategic and operational way, business practices in Strategy, Marketing, R&D, Supply Chain and Human Resources among others...

Every year, students go on a study trip to witness the sustainable development issues of other countries and to study the measures already implemented or those to be developed. The latest study trips were Philippines, Burkina Faso, Morocco, Bangladesh, Brazil, Madagascar and Kenya.

The Social Business Certificate is a natural choice for students that will learn innovative business approaches and new economic models as well as investigating new methods of co-creation and distribution of wealth to reduce poverty with leading business partners.

PROGRAMS ONLY TAUGHT IN FRENCH:

Summer School Programs

HEC Paris opens its campus during the summer to undergraduate students from leading universities as well as recent graduates from around the world. HEC Paris offers several, intensive two-week programs during the months of June and July. During these intensive and practical seminars, students glean the "best of" the HEC experience. Working in diverse teams, hand-in-hand with top HEC Paris professors and in interaction with leading experts, students tackle real-world issues in the following fields:

- Business & Geopolitics - International Finance - Inclusive & Social Business - Fashion Management - Luxury Management - Sports & Entertainment Management

Summer at HEC Paris includes campus housing on the majestic HEC Paris situated at the back door of Paris. The summer experience leads to the award of academic credit and a certificate of completion.

Master in Business Administration (MBA)

In 1969, HEC Paris launched the HEC MBA Program, becoming one of Europe's first MBA Schools. It aims to differentiate its program from other top MBAs through its diversity, its class size, its full-time 16-month curriculum structure (or 24-month part-time option), and the MBA Tournament organized by its students.

The Institut supérieur des affaires is the department of the school that manages its MBA program. This program attracts students from around the world with more than 55 nationalities represented in the 2008 graduating class. The selection process seeks a balance between academic achievement, professional experience, international exposure, and personal motivation. Knowledge of French is not an entry requirement, but participants are highly encouraged to have a basic knowledge of French by the start of the MBA Program, while mandatory (during the first two core terms) and optional language courses are offered throughout the duration of the program.

Rankings

The Economist, ranked the HEC Paris MBA as 1st in Europe and 4th worldwide in 2014.[33] In 2013, the HEC Paris MBA was ranked by The Financial Times as 7th among European business schools, and 21st amongst business schools worldwide.[34]

Building

Located at the Jouy-en-Josas campus, a new 9500m2 purpose built building became available in 2012 to the MBA program. The building is composed of 109 offices, 25 break-out rooms, 4 meeting rooms, 10 classrooms (offering up to 32 seats), 2 lecture theatres with 50 seats, 4 lecture theatres with 70 seats, 1 auditorium with 250 seats and a cafeteria.

The auditorium, a lecture theatre, 9 classrooms, including an e-lab, and the hall were all named after generous patrons from the HEC Foundation.

Curriculum

Starting in September 2012, along with HEC's new purpose-built building, a revamped MBA curriculum was introduced. The new curriculum was developed in consultation with Bain & Company.[35][36]

Based on the new curriculum, new MBA students will be focusing on leadership skills, through activities like the Sustainable Business Conference and the MBA Tournament both of which are organised and run by the MBA students, also through the off-campus leadership seminar at the Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr and through various club activities. Experiential learning will be playing a major role in complementing classroom activities. Finally, special attention is being given to Ethics through a dedicated cross-disciplinary approach.[37]

Exchange and Double Degrees

The MBA Program has exchange and double degree partnerships with numerous universities and business schools around the world.

MBAT (MBA Tournament)

Every year, HEC MBA students organize and run, as part of their curriculum, the MBAT (MBA Tournament). Since 1991, MBA students from the top MBA programs throughout Europe gather at the HEC campus every May to network and compete in numerous sports.

Executive Education

The 19th century "château" dedicated to Executive Education

HEC offers a number of Executive MBAs.

Executive MBA

The HEC Executive MBA is a program for top executives with a minimum of 8 years' corporate experience which prepares for general management positions (the average background experience of students is about 14 years). The Executive MBA is a multi-site program offered in Paris (France), Beijing (China), St Petersburg (Russia) and Doha (Qatar). The courses are split between theory, case studies, strategic project, leadership training, EU community campus and foreign exchanges in the US and Asia. Program partnering universities are NYU, UCLA, Babson College in the USA, Tsinghua University in China and Nihon University in Japan. Several training formats are available to allow executives to participate in this 16-month training.

Global Executive MBA

HEC also offers the TRIUM Global Executive MBA programme jointly with Stern School of Business of NYU and the London School of Economics. It is divided into six modules held in five international business locations over a 16-month period. Whitefield Consulting Worldwide, a global MBA consultancy, has ranked the TRIUM Executive MBA programme as second worldwide. The Financial Times' most recent rankings (2014) of executive MBA programmes also placed TRIUM as first worldwide[38]

Executive Masters

HEC also offers two executive masters jointly with the University of Oxford (Saïd Business School) including the Consulting and Coaching for Change.

Alumni association

The school alumni association, Association des diplômés HEC Paris was founded in 1883 and gathers alumni of the different institutions of HEC Group: École HEC Paris, MBA HEC Paris, HEC Paris Executive MBA, Mastères HEC Paris and Doctorat HEC Paris. Each degree is associated with a letter and the year of graduation.

Degree Letter(s)
Grande Ecole (MSc Management) H
MBA MBA
Doctorate D
Executive MBA E
Specialized Masters M
Trium Executive MBA T

Its action focuses on enhancing the career of its alumnies by organising events, networking events, promoting the school in France and abroad. It is divided into sectorial, geographical (regions in France or countries abroad) branches or by class. Worth mentionning is its branch HEC au féminin[39] gathering 10.000+ alumnae and catering to the specificities of women in business.

Notable HEC Paris faculty and staff

Notable HEC Paris alumni

HEC Paris alumni include:

Student life

Campus

HEC is located on a 110-hectare woodland campus in Jouy-en-Josas, 16 km. (10 miles) southwest of central Paris, close to Versailles. Jouy-en-Josas is served by the RER Parisian suburban train. The campus is built around a 19th-century Chateau, which is currently used for Executive Education classes.

Lodging is provided in one of ten dormitories (Bâtiments) providing basic but furnished rooms. Everyone eats together at the University Restaurant, which serves three meals a day in a soup kitchen setting. Grande école and Specialized Master students have classes in the Bâtiment des études (Batzet), while MBA students study in a specially designated building. There are two on-campus bars: Zinc, which is located on the second floor of the Cafeteria (or Kfet), and the Piano Bar, which is adjacent to the MBA residence hall. The campus also boasts several sports fields and two lakes.

Clubs

There are around 130 clubs or "associations" on campus.

Among the most recognized clubs are:

The HEC Student Council (Bureau des Élèves in French or BDE) is in charge of the social entertainment on campus. It is also in charge of coordinating all club activities and representing the students in front of the campus administration. The BDE organizes weekly events such as POWs (Parties Of the Week), lunches and dinners, speakers, and sport events. HEC parties which usually are organised every Thursday are some of the most recognized ones among all French schools and universities. The BDE is composed of a 40-student team that is elected each year in April and for which the competition among students creates the well-known Student Office Campaign.

The HEC MBA Council is in charge of all social activities related to the MBA student body. It manages the MBA's Piano Bar in Expansiel Building (Building A), coordinates and sometimes funds all MBA club activities (speaker events, sports events, dinners etc.), works to expand the HEC MBA brand, develops campus and alumni relations, sets up the new MBAs' integration week, and generally relays student concerns and needs to the administration. Elections for MBA Council are bi-annual so as to accommodate both January and September MBA intakes.

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ http://www.hec.edu/About-HEC/Governance-structure/The-President
  2. ↑ HEC Paris | Rankings
  3. ↑ Financial Times - European Business School Rankings 2014
  4. ↑
  5. ↑ Triple accredited business schools (AACSB, AMBA, EQUIS)
  6. ↑ European Business school rankings 2009, Financial Times
  7. ↑ Statistics on entrance exams and choices made by admitted students or Official statistics
  8. ↑ "Les HEC prennent le pouvoir", Le Nouvel Observateur
  9. ↑ 2011 study by Ecole des Mines de Paris
  10. ↑ "Andreas Kaplan: European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools, European Management Journal, 2014".
  11. ↑
  12. ↑ Financial Times - HEC Paris at the top
  13. ↑ Business Insider World's Best Business Schools 2012 Rankings
  14. ↑ New ranking of universities that produce global CEOs
  15. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2011/10/20/education/20iht-SReducEmploy20-graphic.html?ref=education
  16. ↑ Le top 25 des meilleures écoles de commerce, Challenges, december 20, 2013
  17. ↑ Masters in Management 2014, Financial Times
  18. ↑ "Which MBA?", The Economist
  19. ↑ Financial Times - Executive Education 2013, page 7
  20. ↑ ESCP Europe and HEC Paris are both run by the Paris Chamber of Commerce
  21. ↑ Statistics of admission to HEC
  22. ↑ http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/hec-paris/masters-in-management-2014#masters-in-management-2014
  23. ↑ http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/alma-mater-index-global-executives-2013/2007032.article
  24. ↑ Observatoire National de la Vie Étudiante, Enquête "Conditions de vie" 2006
  25. ↑
  26. ↑ Statistics of admission to HEC
  27. ↑ HEC Admission Statistics
  28. ↑ http://www.hec.edu/MSc/Programs/Master-in-Management-MiM-Grande-Ecole/Career-Paths
  29. ↑ http://www.hec.edu/MSc/Programs/MSc-in-International-Finance/Career-Paths
  30. ↑ http://www.mba.hec.edu/Careers/Employment-Report
  31. ↑ See the placement report and ranking from Financial Times
  32. ↑ http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/masters-in-finance-pre-experience-2014
  33. ↑
  34. ↑ The Financial Times - Global MBA Ranking 2013
  35. ↑ http://www.consultor.fr/devenir-consultant/actualite-du-conseil/542-pro-bono-ce-que-bain-a-fait-pour-le-mba-de-hec.html
  36. ↑ http://www.economist.com/whichmba/new-paris-design
  37. ↑ http://www.hec.edu/var/fre/storage/original/application/136770218735cd367d2cd406c420cd83.pdf
  38. ↑ ranking
  39. ↑ HEC au féminin

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Coordinates: 48°45′29″N 2°10′13″E / 48.75806°N 2.17028°E