HARS
Not to be confused with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.
| Histidyl-tRNA synthetase | |||||||||||||
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 PDB rendering based on 1x59. | |||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||
| Symbols | HARS ; HRS; USH3B | ||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 142810 MGI: 108087 HomoloGene: 1592 ChEMBL: 4002 GeneCards: HARS Gene | ||||||||||||
| EC number | 6.1.1.21 | ||||||||||||
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| RNA expression pattern | |||||||||||||
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| More reference expression data | |||||||||||||
| Orthologs | |||||||||||||
| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||
| Entrez | 3035 | 15115 | |||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000170445 | ENSMUSG00000001380 | |||||||||||
| UniProt | P12081 | Q61035 | |||||||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_001258040 | NM_008214 | |||||||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | NP_001244969 | NP_032240 | |||||||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 5: 140.05 – 140.07 Mb | Chr 18: 36.77 – 36.78 Mb | |||||||||||
| PubMed search | |||||||||||||
Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS) also known as histidine-tRNA ligase, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HARS gene.[1][2]
Function
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme which belongs to the class II family of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. The enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins.[3] The gene is located in a head-to-head orientation with HARSL on chromosome five, where the homologous genes share a bidirectional promoter.[1]
Clinical significance
The gene product is a frequent target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis.[3]
Interactions
HARS has been shown to interact with EEF1B2[4] and EEF1G.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: HARS histidyl-tRNA synthetase".
- ↑ Wasmuth JJ, Carlock LR (1986). "Chromosomal localization of human gene for histidyl-tRNA synthetase: clustering of genes encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases on human chromosome 5". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 12 (5): 513–7. doi:10.1007/BF01539922. PMID 3464104.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Freist W, Verhey JF, Rühlmann A, Gauss DH, Arnez JG (1999). "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase". Biol. Chem. 380 (6): 623–46. doi:10.1515/BC.1999.079. PMID 10430027. Vancouver style error (help)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sang Lee J, Gyu Park S, Park H, Seol W, Lee S, Kim S (2002). "Interaction network of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subunits of elongation factor 1 complex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 291 (1): 158–64. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6398. PMID 11829477.
Further reading
- Raben N, Borriello F, Amin J, Horwitz R, Fraser D, Plotz P (1992). "Human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: recognition of amino acid signature regions in class 2a aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases". Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (5): 1075–81. doi:10.1093/nar/20.5.1075. PMC 312093. PMID 1549469.
- Shi MH, Tsui FW, Rubin LA (1991). "Cellular localization of the target structures recognized by the anti-Jo-1 antibody: immunofluorescence studies on cultured human myoblasts". J. Rheumatol. 18 (2): 252–8. PMID 2023220.
- Carlock LR, Skarecky D, Dana SL, Wasmuth JJ (1985). "Deletion mapping of human chromosome 5 using chromosome-specific DNA probes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 37 (5): 839–52. PMC 1684692. PMID 2996334.
- Wasmuth JJ, Carlock LR (1986). "Chromosomal localization of human gene for histidyl-tRNA synthetase: clustering of genes encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases on human chromosome 5". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 12 (5): 513–7. doi:10.1007/BF01539922. PMID 3464104.
- Tsui FW, Siminovitch L (1987). "Isolation, structure and expression of mammalian genes for histidyl-tRNA synthetase". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (8): 3349–67. doi:10.1093/nar/15.8.3349. PMC 340734. PMID 3554142.
- O'Hanlon TP, Raben N, Miller FW (1995). "A novel gene oriented in a head-to-head configuration with the human histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) gene encodes an mRNA that predicts a polypeptide homologous to HRS". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 210 (2): 556–66. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1696. PMID 7755634.
- Ogata K, Kurahashi A, Nishiyama C, Terao K (1994). "Presence of role of the 5SrRNA-L5 protein complex (5SRNP) in the threonyl- and histidyl-tRNA synthetase complex in rat liver cytosol". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1218 (3): 388–400. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(94)90192-9. PMID 8049265.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Tsui HW, Mok S, de Souza L, Martin A, Tsui FW (1993). "Transcriptional analyses of the gene region that encodes human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: identification of a novel bidirectional regulatory element". Gene 131 (2): 201–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90294-D. PMID 8406012.
- Vázquez-Abad D, Carson JH, Rothfield N (1996). "Localization of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) in human laryngeal epithelial carcinoma cell line (HEp-2 cells)". Cell Tissue Res. 286 (3): 487–91. doi:10.1007/s004410050718. PMID 8929351. Vancouver style error (help)
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Sang Lee J, Gyu Park S, Park H, Seol W, Lee S, Kim S (2002). "Interaction network of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subunits of elongation factor 1 complex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 291 (1): 158–64. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6398. PMID 11829477.
- O'Hanlon TP, Miller FW (2002). "Genomic organization, transcriptional mapping, and evolutionary implications of the human bi-directional histidyl-tRNA synthetase locus (HARS/HARSL)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (3): 609–14. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00525-9. PMID 12056811.
- Ascherman DP, Oriss TB, Oddis CV, Wright TM (2002). "Critical requirement for professional APCs in eliciting T cell responses to novel fragments of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) in Jo-1 antibody-positive polymyositis". J. Immunol. 169 (12): 7127–34. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.7127. PMID 12471150.
- Lu Q, Hope LW, Brasch M, Reinhard C, Cohen SN (2003). "TSG101 interaction with HRS mediates endosomal trafficking and receptor down-regulation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (13): 7626–31. doi:10.1073/pnas.0932599100. PMC 164637. PMID 12802020.
- Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
- Levine SM, Raben N, Xie D, Askin FB, Tuder R, Mullins M et al. (2007). "Novel conformation of histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase in the lung: the target tissue in Jo-1 autoantibody-associated myositis". Arthritis Rheum. 56 (8): 2729–39. doi:10.1002/art.22790. PMID 17665459.
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