Gyrodon lividus

Gyrodon lividus
Gyrodon lividus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Paxillaceae
Genus: Gyrodon
Species: G. lividus
Binomial name
Gyrodon lividus
(Bull.) Sacc. (1888)
Synonyms
  • Boletus lividus Bull. (1791)
  • Uloporus lividus (Bull.) Quél. (1886)
Gyrodon lividus
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Mycological characteristics

pores on hymenium
cap is flat
hymenium is decurrent
stipe is bare

spore print is olive

to brown
edibility: edible

Gyrodon lividus, commonly known as the alder bolete, is a pored mushroom bearing close affinity to the genus Paxillus. It is also known as Uloporus lividus by some authorities. Found predominantly in Europe, though also recorded from Japan and California, it is distinguished by its decurrent bright yellow pores that turn blue-grey on bruising. It is edible.

Taxonomy

It was initially described by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard in 1791 as Boletus lividus, before being given its current binomial name in 1838 by Elias Magnus Fries. The generic term Gyrodon is derived from the Ancient Greek gyros "whorl" and odon "tooth",[1][2] while the specific epithet lividus is Latin for "lead-coloured".[3] Lucien Quélet described it as Uloporus lividus in 1886, and it is still under this binomial in some texts.[4]

Recent molecular research confirms the relations of the genus Gyrodon and Paxillus as sister taxa, and one of the earliest diverging lineages of the Boletineae.[5]

Description

Gyrodon lividus has a pale brown, buff or ochre cap 4–10 cm (1.6–4 in) in diameter which is convex and later flat in shape, and can be sticky when wet. The tubes and decurrent large pores are bright yellow and turn blue-grey when cut or bruised. The thin flesh is pale yellow. The ringless stipe is initially the same colour as the cap but later darkens to a red-brown; it is 3–7 cm (1.2-2.8 in) high by 1–2 cm wide (0.4-0.8 in). The spore print is olive-brown and the oval spores are 4.5-6 x 3-4 μm. The mushroom has a non-distinctive smell and taste.[6] It is reported as edible by some authors,[6] and inedible by others.[1]

Distribution and habitat

It has been found in Europe, including Ķemeri National Park in Latvia,[7] and Asia (Japan) and California, under Alder (Alnus rhombifolia).[8]

As its common name suggests, Gyrodon lividus is found under alder (Alnus rhombifolia), with which it forms a mycorrhizal relationship. Fruit bodies may be found alone or in clumps and appear in autumn.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nilson S & Persson O (1977). Fungi of Northern Europe 1: Larger Fungi (Excluding Gill-Fungi). Penguin. p. 112. ISBN 0-14-063005-8.
  2. ↑ Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
  3. ↑ Simpson, D.P. (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5th ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
  4. ↑ (Latin)Quélet, Lucien (1886). Enchiridion Fungorum in Europa Media et praesertim in Gallia Vigentium. Paris. p. 162. pileo tigrino, e fuligineo-livido lutescente; tubulis brevissimis, longe decurrentibus, luteo-virentibus, stipite fuscecenti luteo
  5. ↑ Kretzer A, Bruns TD. (1999). "Use of atp6 in fungal phylogenetics: An example from the Boletales" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13 (3): 483–92. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0680. PMID 10620406.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. p. 285. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
  7. ↑ Kemeri NP Administration (2002). "The Management Plan of Kemeri National Park" (PDF). Ministry of Environment of Denmark, DANCEE and Government of Latvia. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  8. ↑ David Hayward and Harry D. Thiers (1984). "Gyrodon lividus in California". Mycologia 76 (3): 573–75. doi:10.2307/3793346. JSTOR 3793346.