Gutian language
| Gutian | |
|---|---|
| Qutian | |
| Region | Zagros Mountains? |
| Ethnicity | Gutian people |
| Era | attested c. 2100 BCE |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
None (mis) |
| Glottolog |
guti1235[1] |
The Gutian language (/ˈɡuːtiən/; also Qutian) was spoken by the Gutian people, who briefly ruled over Sumer during the Gutian dynasty of Sumer around 2100 BCE. The Gutians lived in the territory between the Zagros and the Tigris in present-day Iranian and Iraqi Kurdistan.
Nothing is known about the language except its existence and a list of Gutian ruler names in the Sumerian king list. The existence is attested by a list of languages spoken in the region, found in a clay tablet from the Middle Babylonian period presumably originating from the city of Emar,[2]:p.13 which also lists Akkadian, Amorite, Sutean, "Subarean" (Hurrian), and Elamite. There is also record of "an interpreter for the Gutean language" at Adab.[3][4]
The Gutian king names from the Sumerian list are Inkishush, Zarlagab, Shulme (or Yarlagash), Silulumesh (or Silulu), Inimabakesh (Duga), Igeshaush (or Ilu-An), Yarlagab, Ibate, Kurum, Apilkin, La-erabum, Irarum, Ibranum, Hablum, Puzur-Suen, Yarlaganda, Si-um and Tirigan. Based on these names, some scholars claim that the Gutian language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and was unrelated to the languages spoken around it.[2]
However, according to Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze and Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov, Gutian language was close to Tocharian languages of the Indo-European family.[5]
References
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Gutian". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wolfgang Heimpel (2003), Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 1-57506-080-9, ISBN 978-1-57506-080-4; 657 pages
- ↑ Claus Wilcke (2007), Early Ancient Near Eastern Law: A History of Its Beginnings : the Early Dynastic and Sargonic Periods. Eisenbrauns. 204 pages. ISBN 1-57506-132-5, ISBN 978-1-57506-132-0
- ↑ Yang (1989), Was Adab the home of the Gutean king Erridupizzir who left 3 inscriptions at Nippur stil copied there in OB schools (Frayne 1993, 20-228)?, A956; OIP vol. 14 no. 80, p. 2.
- ↑ Гамкрелидзе Т. В., Иванов Вяч. Вс. Первые индоевропейцы на арене истории: прототохары в Передней Азии // Вестник древней истории. 1989. № 1.
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