Guozijian

One of the main halls of the Guozijian in downtown Beijing
The Guozijian (Imperial College) of Beijing

The Guozijian (simplified Chinese: 国子监; traditional Chinese: 國子監; pinyin: guózǐjiàn; Wade–Giles: kuo2-tzu3-chien4; literally: "School for the Sons of the State"[1]), sometimes translated as the National School, National Academy, Imperial Academy, Imperial University, Imperial College, Imperial Central School, etc., was the national central institution of higher learnings in Chinese dynasties after the Sui. It was the highest institution of learning in China's traditional educational system. In Vietnam, the Imperial Academy (Vietnamese: Quốc Tử Giám) existed after the Lý dynasty. Several notable chairmans of Guozijian in Vietnam were Chu Văn An, Nguyễn Phi Khanh, Vũ Miên, Trương Công Giai...

History

Formerly it was called the Taixue, while Taixue for Gongsheng (tribute students) from the populace was still part of Guozijian, along with Guozixue for noble students. The central schools of taixue were established as far back as 3 CE, when a standard nationwide school system was established and funded during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han.[2] During the 1898 reform of the Qing Dynasty, the education and administration of education functions of Guozijian was mainly replaced by the Imperial Capital University (also translated as Imperial University of Peking), later known as Peking University. In 1905, Guozijian was finally shut down.

Locations

Entrance of the Imperial Academy in Huế, central Vietnam

Guozijian were located in the national capital of each dynasty, such as Chang'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng. In Ming there were two capitals; thus there were two Guozijian, one in Nanjing and one in Beijing. In Qing there were also two Guozijian, one in Changsha and one in Beijing. The Guozijian, located in the Guozijian Street (or Chengxian street) in the Dongcheng District, Beijing, the imperial college during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties (although most of its buildings were built during the Ming Dynasty)[3] was the last Guozijian in China and is an important national cultural asset.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Yuan, 194.
  2. ↑ Yuan, 193.
  3. ↑ "Guozijian". James P. Geiss Foundation.

Sources