Greyhound Lines

Greyhound Lines

Greyhound Lines Prevost X3-45 in New York City in August 2009
Slogan	Go Greyhound and Leave the Driving to Us!
Parent	FirstGroup
Founded	1914 by Carl Wickman
Headquarters	Patriot Tower 350 North Saint Paul Street Dallas, Texas
Service area	United States, Canada, and Mexico[1]
Service type	Intercity coach service
Alliance	Trailways, Jefferson Lines, Indian Trails, Peter Pan Bus Lines, and others
Routes	123 routes[2] (includes Greyhound Express and NeOn routes)
Destinations	3,800+[1]
Hubs	Dallas, St. Louis, Chicago, Atlanta, Richmond, Miami, Denver, Los Angeles, and others
Stations	2,400+
Fleet	1,229 motorcoaches[3] mostly MCI 102DL3, G4500, D4505, and Prevost X3-45
Fuel type	Diesel
Chief executive	David Leach
Website	www.greyhound.com

Greyhound Lines, Inc., usually shortened to Greyhound, is an intercity bus common carrier serving over 3,800 destinations across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Founded in Hibbing, Minnesota in 1914, and taking the name The Greyhound Corporation in 1929. Since October 2007, Greyhound has been a subsidiary of Scottish transportation company FirstGroup, but continues to be based in Dallas, Texas, where it's been headquartered since 1987.

Greyhound has the distinction of being the only national operator of scheduled intercity bus services in the country, serving the most of the continental United States (Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota are only served by a connecting, regional carrier).

Along with its flagship Greyhound brand, the company also jointly operates BoltBus, the NeOn bus service and YO! Bus with other carriers.

History

Early years (1914-1930)

Carl Eric Wickman was born in Sweden in 1887. In 1905 he moved to the United States where he was working in a mine as a drill operator in Alice, Minnesota, until he was laid off in 1914. In the same year, he became a Hupmobile salesman in Hibbing, Minnesota.^[4] He proved unable to sell the car. In 1914, using his remaining vehicle, a 7-passenger car,^[5] he began a bus service with Andy (Bus Andy) Anderson and C.A.A. (Arvid) Heed,^[6] by transporting iron ore miners from Hibbing to Alice (known for its saloons)^[5] at 15 cents a ride.^[7]

In 1915 Wickman joined forces with Ralph Bogan, who was running a similar service from Hibbing to Duluth, Minnesota. The name of the new organization was the Mesaba Transportation Company,^[8] and it made $8,000 in profit in its first year.

By the end of World War I in 1918, Wickman owned 18 buses and was making an annual profit of $40,000. In 1922, Wickman joined forces with Orville Caesar, the owner of the Superior White Bus Lines. Four years later, Wickman purchased two West Coast operations, the Pioneer Yelloway System (the operator of the nation's first transcontinental bus) and the Pickwick Lines, creating a national intercity bus company.^[9]

An important moment in the company's history came when Ed Stone set up a route from Superior, Wisconsin to Wausau, Wisconsin. The Greyhound moniker can be found in a story that during his inaugural run, passing through a small northern Wisconsin town, Stone saw the reflection of the 1920s era bus in a store window, which reminded him of a greyhound dog and he adopted that name for that segment of the Blue Goose Lines. The Greyhound moniker became popular and later applied to the entire bus network. Stone later became General Sales Manager of GM's Yellow Truck and Coach division, which built Greyhound buses. Wickman, as the president of the company, continued to expand it so that by 1927, his buses were making transcontinental trips from California to New York. In 1928, Greyhound had a gross annual income of $6 million.^[5]

In 1929, Greyhound acquired additional interests in Southland Transportation Company, the Gray Line, and part of the Colonial Motor Coach Company to form Eastern Greyhound Lines.^[10] Greyhound also acquired an interest in Northland Transportation Company, and renamed it Northland Greyhound Lines.^[10]

1930–1945

By 1930 more than 100 bus lines had been consolidated into what was called the "Motor Transit Company". Recognizing that the company needed a more memorable name, the partners of the Motor Transit Company decided to rename it after the "Greyhound" marketing phrase used by earlier bus lines.^[11]

Wickman's business suffered during the Great Depression, and by 1931 was over $1 million in debt.

As the 1930s progressed and the economy improved, the Greyhound Corporation began to prosper again. In 1934, intercity bus lines (of which Greyhound was the largest) carried approximately 400,000,000 passengers—nearly as many passengers as the Class I railroads. The 1934 hit film, It Happened One Night, the first movie to win the Big Five Academy Awards, centered on an heiress traveling by Greyhound bus.^[12] The movie is credited by the company for spurring bus travel nationwide.^[13] In 1935, national intercity bus ridership climbed 50% to 651,999,000 passengers, surpassing the volume of passengers carried by the Class I railroads for the first time.^[14] In 1935 Wickman was able to announce record profits of $8 million. In 1936, already the largest bus carrier in the United States, Greyhound began taking delivery of 306 new buses.^[15]

To accommodate the rapid growth in bus travel, Greyhound also built many new stations in the period between 1937 and 1945, most of them in a late Art Deco style known as Streamline Moderne.^[16] In 1937, Greyhound embarked on a program of unifying its brand identity by acquiring both buses and terminals in the Streamline style.^[17] By the outbreak of World War II, the company had 4,750 stations and nearly 10,000 employees.

Expansion, desegregation, and diversification (1945–1983)

Wickman retired as president of the Greyhound Corporation in 1946, being replaced by his long-time partner Caesar. Wickman died at the age of 67 in 1954.

After World War II, and the building of the Interstate Highway System beginning in 1956, automobile ownership and travel became a preferred mode of travel in the United States. Along with a similar downward trend in public transportation in general, ridership on Greyhound and Trailways bus routes began a long decline.

In 1955, the Interstate Commerce Commission ruled in the case of Keys v. Carolina Coach Co. that U.S. interstate bus operations, such as Greyhound's, could not be segregated by race.^[18] In 1960, in the case of Boynton v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court found that an African American had been wrongly convicted of trespassing in a "whites only" terminal area.^[19] In May 1961, civil rights activists organized interracial Freedom Rides as proof of the desegregation rulings. On May 14, a mob attacked pair of buses (a Greyhound and a Trailways) traveling from Washington, D.C., to New Orleans, Louisiana, and slashed the Greyhound bus's tires.^[20] Several miles outside of Anniston, Alabama, the mob forced the Greyhound bus to stop, broke its windows, and firebombed it.^[21][22] The mob held the bus' doors shut, intending to burn the riders to death. Sources disagree, but either an exploding fuel tank^[21] or an undercover state investigator brandishing a revolver^[23] caused the mob to retreat. When the riders escaped the bus, the mob beat them, while warning shots fired into the air by highway patrolmen prevented them from being lynched.^[21] Titles II and III of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 broadened protections beyond federally-regulated carriers such as Greyhound, to include non-discrimination in hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations, as well as state and local government buildings.^[24]

Later in the 1960s, Greyhound leadership saw a trend of declining ridership and began significant changes, including using the profitable bus operations to invest in other industries. By the 1970s, Greyhound had moved its headquarters to Phoenix, Arizona and was a large and diversified company, with holdings in everything from the Armour meat-packing company (which in turn owned the popular Dial deodorant soap brand), acquired in 1970; Traveller's Express money orders, MCI bus manufacturing company, and even airliner leasing. Indeed, Greyhound had entered a time of great change, even beginning to hire African American and female drivers in the late seventies.^[25]

For many young people in the 1970s, Greyhound was the way they got to know America because of a special unlimited mileage offer: "99 days for $99" (equal to $789.22 today) or, in other words, a dollar a day (equal to $7.97 today), to travel to anywhere at anytime and from anyplace. Greyhound later replicated this offer with a now-defunct Discovery Pass for a similar price and length of time.^[26][27]

Greyhound established the Premier Cruise Line in 1983. It would last until 2000 and at one time billed itself as the "Official Cruise Line of Walt Disney World".

Consolidation, strikes, and bankruptcies (1983–2001)

1983 Greyhound drivers' strike

In 1983, Greyhound operated a fleet of 3,800 buses and carried about 60 percent of the United States' bus-travel market.^[28] Starting November 2, 1983, Greyhound suffered a major and bitter drivers' strike^[29][30] with one fatality in Zanesville, Ohio, when a company bus ran over a worker at a picket line.^[31][32] A new contract was ratified December 19, and drivers returned to work the next day.^[33]

Spin-off, merger, and first bankruptcy (1986–1990)

By the time contract negotiations with the Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) were due again at the end of 1986, the bus line had been spun off to new owners, and the former parent company had changed its name to the Dial Corporation. Greyhound Lines had returned to being solely a bus transportation company. Under CEO Fred Currey, an executive recruited from rival Continental Trailways, Greyhound's corporate headquarters relocated to Dallas, Texas.

In February 1987, the new ownership and the ATU agreed on a new, 3-year contract.^[34] In June 1987, Greyhound Lines acquired Trailways, Inc. (formerly Continental Trailways), the largest member of the rival National Trailways Bus System, effectively consolidating into a national bus service. Greyhound was required by the ICC, in their action approving the merger, to maintain coordinated schedules with other scheduled service operators in the U.S.^[35]

1990 Greyhound drivers' strike

In early 1990, the drivers' contract from 1987 expired at the end of its three-year term. In March, the ATU began its strike against Greyhound. The 1990 drivers' strike was similar in its bitterness to the strike of 1983, with violence against both strikers and their replacement workers. One striker in California was killed by a Greyhound bus driven by a strikebreaker,^[36] and a shot was fired at a Greyhound bus.^[37] During the strike by its 6,300 drivers, Greyhound idled much of its fleet of 3,949 buses and cancelled 80% of its routes.^[38] At the same time, Greyhound was having to contend with the rise of low-cost airlines like Southwest Airlines, which further reduced the market for long-distance inter-city bus transportation. Without the financial strength provided in the past by a parent company, the strike's lower revenues and higher costs for security and labor-law penalties caused Greyhound to file for bankruptcy in June 1990.^[39] The strike would not be settled for 38 months under terms favorable to Greyhound. While the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) had awarded damages for unfair labor practices to the strikers, this liability was discharged during bankruptcy reorganization.^[36][40]

Early 1990s: Bankruptcy and antitrust cases

At the end of 1990, the company had $488 million in assets and $654 million in liabilities.^[41] During bankruptcy, the company ultimately had to address claims for $142 million in back-pay for its striking drivers, and $384 million of pre-bankruptcy debts owed mostly to the investor group led by Fred G. Currey.^[41]

According to the company, upon emergence from bankruptcy in August 1991, Greyhound had shrunk its overall workforce to 7,900 employees (from 12,000 pre-bankruptcy), and trimmed its fleet to 2,750 buses and 3,600 drivers.^[41]

In August 1992, Greyhound canceled its bus terminal license (BTL) agreements with other carriers at 200 terminals, and imposed the requirement that Greyhound be the sole-seller of the tenant's bus tickets within a 25-mile radius of such a Greyhound terminal.^[42] In 1995, The United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division brought suit to stop this practice, alleging that it was an illegal restraint of trade, bad for consumers, and reduced competition.^[42] In February 1996, the United States won its case, and Greyhound agreed to permit its tenants to sell tickets nearby and permit its tenants to honor interline tickets with competitors.^[43]

Greyhound's total revenues in 1994 were $616 million.^[42]

Trailways-Laidlaw mergers and bankruptcy of 2001

In the late 1990s, Greyhound Lines acquired two more members of the National Trailways Bus System. The company purchased Carolina Trailways in 1997,^[44] followed by the intercity operations of Southeastern Trailways in 1998.^[45] Following the acquisitions, most of the remaining members of the Trailways System began interlining cooperatively with Greyhound, discontinued their scheduled route services, diversified into charters and tours, or went out of business altogether.

On September 3, 1997, Burlington, Ontario-based transportation conglomerate Laidlaw Inc. announced it would buy Greyhound Canada Transportation ULC (Greyhound's Canadian operations) for $72 million (USD).^[46]

In October 1998, Laidlaw announced it would acquire the U.S. operations of Greyhound Lines, Inc., including Carolina Trailways and other Greyhound affiliates, for about $470 million.^[47] When the acquisition was completed in March 1999, all of Greyhound and much of Trailways had become wholly owned subsidiaries of Laidlaw.^[48]

After incurring heavy losses through its investments in Greyhound Lines and other parts of its diversified business, Laidlaw Inc. filed for protection under both U.S. and Canadian bankruptcy laws in June 2001.^[49]

Laidlaw years (2002–2007)

Naperville, Illinois-based Laidlaw International, Inc. listed its common shares on the New York Stock Exchange on February 10, 2003 and emerged from re-organization on June 23, 2003 as the successor to Laidlaw Inc.

After this bankruptcy filing, Greyhound dropped low-demand rural stops and started concentrating on dense, inter-metropolitan routes. It cut nearly 37 percent of its network.^[50] In some rural areas local operators took over the old stops (often with government subsidies) particularly in the Plains states, parts of the upper Midwest (such as Wisconsin), and the Pacific Northwest.^{[51][52][53][54]}

Starting in 1997, Greyhound had faced significant competition in the northeast from Chinatown bus lines.^[55] By 2003, more than 250 buses, operated by competitors like Fung Wah and Lucky Star Bus were competing fiercely from curbsides in the Chinatowns of New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.^[55] When operating on inter-city routes, the Chinatown buses offered prices about 50% less than Greyhound's.^[55] Between 1997 and 2007, Chinatown buses took 60% of Greyhound's market share in the northeast United States.^[56]

FirstGroup ownership (2007 – present)

On February 7, 2007, Scottish transport group FirstGroup purchased Laidlaw International for $3.6 billion. The deal closed on September 30, 2007^[57] and the acquisition was completed on October 1, 2007^[58] Although FirstGroup's interest was primarily the school and transit bus operations of Laidlaw, FirstGroup decided to retain the Greyhound operations and in 2009 exported the brand back to the United Kingdom as Greyhound UK.

Today, Greyhound's 1,229 buses serve over 3,800 destinations in North America, traveling 5.5 billion miles (8.8 billion km) on North America's roads.^[3]

The "New Greyhound"

Almost immediately after acquiring the carrier, FirstGroup sought to improve Greyhound's image and create what it called the "New Greyhound", by refurbishing many terminals, expanding the fleet with new buses, refurbishing old buses, and retraining customer service staff. Greyhound also started a new advertising campaign with Butler, Shine, Stern & Partners aimed at attracting 18- to 24-year-olds and Hispanics back to "The New Greyhound".^[59]

The "New Greyhound" also saw the introduction of a refreshed logo and a new navy blue and dark gray livery for buses. The company is in the process of rolling out the new livery to the nationwide fleet. As buses are repainted they are also being refurbished, receiving wireless Internet access, power outlets, and new leather seating with increased legroom.^[60]

Addressing "overbooking"

During its ownership by Laidlaw, Greyhound had come under criticism for its ticket sale practices, specifically that although tickets had departure dates and times printed on them, Greyhound did not always stop sales after all the seats were purchased for each departure. In periods of high demand Greyhound added additional "sections" (buses), but the threshold required to trigger an additional section varied, often leaving passengers behind to wait for the next bus departure.^[61]

Shortly after the sale to FirstGroup closed, Greyhound began a program in select markets, where riders could reserve a seat for an additional US$5. However, the US$5 fee would have to be paid at the terminal, even if the ticket was bought online, and only a limited number of seats could be reserved.^[62]

The problem was further addressed in 2014 when Greyhound rolled out a new yield management computer system. With the new system, Greyhound is now able to more closely manage the number of tickets sold for each departure and dynamically adjust pricing based on sales.^[63] Although the amount of overbooked buses has been sharply reduced with this new system, Greyhound still does not explicitly guarantee a seat to everyone with a ticket (except on Greyhound Express routes).^[64]

Greyhound Express launched

The next major change made by FirstGroup was the launch of a brand of premium bus routes called "Greyhound Express" in 2010. These routes make fewer stops between major cities (compared to regular Greyhound routes), use only newer model or refurbished buses, have guaranteed seating, and tickets start at $1.^[65]

Services

Greyhound operates 123 routes^[2] serving over 3,800 destinations^[1] in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Greyhound's scheduled services compete with the private automobile, low-cost airlines, Amtrak, and other intercity coach companies.

Greyhound Express

Greyhound Express is a low-cost express city-to-city service that makes either no stops or fewer stops compared to a traditional route. Fares start at $1 and seating is guaranteed since buses are not overbooked.^[66] Greyhound Express was designed to directly compete with low-cost carriers like Megabus^[67] and the Chinatown bus lines.

The service began on September 28, 2010 with several routes radiating from New York to major cities in the Northeastern United States^[68] and rapidly expanded to serve destinations in the Midwestern, Southern and Southwestern United States. Currently the Greyhound Express network has expanded to serve 930 city pairs in nearly 120 markets, with further expansion planned.^[69]

Greyhound Express routes are assigned new or refurbished buses that are equipped with Wi-Fi, power outlets, leather seats, and extra legroom. In many stations Greyhound Express customers can take advantage of dedicated waiting areas, separate from passengers traveling on other Greyhound services or other carriers. Some stations also board passengers onto Greyhound Express buses using numbers printed on tickets.^[70] This number is assigned in the order in which the ticket was purchased, which means that passengers who bought their tickets earlier get to board the bus and choose their seats earlier.

Greyhound Connect

Greyhound Connect is a connector service that operates shorter routes to take passengers from stops in smaller, rural cities to stations in larger, urban cities. Buses are either from Greyhound's existing fleet or smaller, mid-sized buses (that are not equipped with a lavatory). Currently the Greyhound Connect service is offered in Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, and Utah.^[71] Some routes are operated using funds from the "Federal Formula Grant Program for Rural Areas" from the Federal Transit Administration.^[72]

Greyhound Charter Services

Greyhound Charter Services operates charter buses for customers. Due to its network of intercity routes Greyhound is able to operate charter services nationwide and offer one-way services.^[73] In addition to providing transportation to individual groups, schools, and event operators, Greyhound Charter Services is also approved by the military and the government as a charter bus vendor.^[74]

Greyhound Package Express

In addition to carrying passengers and their luggage, Greyhound buses also carry packages. Through Greyhound Package Express customers can book expedited cargo shipping door-to-door or station-to-station. The company says that shipping by bus offers a cost-effective alternative to other ground or air carriers for same-day delivery.^[75]

Special routes

Lucky Streak

Lucky Streak is Greyhound's brand for routes between cities with casinos and other nearby cities. All fares are sold as open-ended round-trips, with passengers allowed to return to their origin at any time.^[76] On the Atlantic City routes, casinos offer special bonuses (gambling credit, room/dining discounts) to Lucky Streak passengers.^[76]

There are currently three Lucky Streak routes:^[77]

• Atlantic City: Baltimore, Brooklyn, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington DC
• Connecticut (Mohegan Sun & Foxwoods Casino): Boston, Bridgeport, New Haven, New York City, Providence, and Stamford
• Las Vegas: Anaheim, Barstow, Claremont, Compton, El Monte, Hollywood, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Ana, and Victorville

QuickLink

QuickLink is Greyhound's brand of commuter bus service that runs frequently during the peak weekday commuting hours.^[78] In addition to one-way and round-trip tickets QuickLink offers monthly and 10-trip passes. Passes and tickets on QuickLink are flexible and passengers can board any bus with available seating. Currently the only QuickLink route is between Mt. Laurel, New Jersey and New York City.^[78] Routes were formerly operated from Sacramento, California to the San Francisco Bay Area and Macon, Georgia to Atlanta.^[79]

Other brands and partnerships

Discount services

Since the company was purchased by FirstGroup, Greyhound has initiated three new discount bus services that are operated in conjunction with other regional operators. These services are designed to compete with Chinatown bus carriers and more directly with Megabus.

BoltBus

BoltBus is Greyhound's brand of non-stop and limited-stop, premium level bus routes. Fares start as low as $1, with the lowest fares depending on how far in advance a trip is booked and demand for the trip, with fares increasing for trips booked closer to departure.^[80][81] BoltBus uses newer model coaches that are equipped with Wi-Fi, power outlets, and leather seats with extra legroom.^[82]

The first buses started running between Boston, New York City, and Washington, D.C. on March 27, 2008. In the Northeastern US BoltBus is operated in partnership with Peter Pan Bus Lines.^[83]

BoltBus expanded to the West Coast in May 2012 with a route in the Pacific Northwest (between Vancouver, BC, Seattle, and Portland).^[84][85] Service was expanded again in October 2013 with a route between the two largest metropolitan areas in California, Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area (San Jose & Oakland).^[86] A stop in the city of San Francisco was added in December 2013 along with a new route between Los Angeles and Las Vegas.^[87] West Coast routes are owned and operated directly by Greyhound without a regional partner.^[88]

NeOn

NeOn, began service on May 29, 2008, between New York City and Toronto, Ontario^[89] as a joint venture of Greyhound Lines, Greyhound Canada and Trailways of New York, the major inter-city bus carrier within most of New York State.^[90] The service is designed to attract a new demographic of traveler who had long ago stopped taking intercity buses but who had grown comfortable with the low cost and convenience of the Chinatown bus services in the northeastern US.

Initially NeOn operated between street stops at Penn Station in Manhattan and the Fairmont Royal York Hotel in Toronto making very few stops (Buffalo twice-daily and Syracuse once-daily). Poor performance of the limited-stop service led Greyhound to make adjustments to NeOn and the brand has evolved to represent the frequent service operated by the companies between New York and Eastern Canada.^[90]

YO! Bus

YO! Bus is a discount bus service started in December 2012 in partnership with Peter Pan Bus Lines,^[91] operating routes between Boston, Philadelphia, and Manhattan's Chinatown.^[92] YO! Bus directly competes with Chinatown bus lines using coaches with a red livery and Chinese characters painted on the side. These coaches tend to be older-model units that have been refurbished with Wi-Fi, power outlets, and extra legroom.^[92]

The first YO! Bus route ran between Manhattan's Chinatown and Philadelphia, competing with routes from established Chinatown bus lines, Lucky Star Bus and Fung Wah Bus.^[92] Both Lucky Star and Fung Wah were shut down and service suspended in 2013 due to safety concerns by government transportation authorities. Shortly after the shut down of its competitors, YO! Bus expanded with a second route between Manhattan's Chinatown and Boston's South Station beginning later in the spring of 2013.^[93]

Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach

Greyhound is one of the largest operators of Amtrak's Thruway Motorcoach service even though the two companies are competitors in some markets.^[94] Amtrak issues rail passengers a ticket for a regularly scheduled Greyhound route that connects with their train, often with buses making a stop at the train station.^[94] These Thruway Motorcoach routes allow Amtrak to serve passengers in areas without rail service and offer passengers in areas with rail service a wider selection of destinations.^[95]

Security

Increasingly, concern has been given to bus security. As a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, train and airplane security have been substantially increased, but this increase has not been provided to bus security. Baggage is neither inspected, nor identification checked. Greyhound says that security wands have been deployed on buses, but they do not appear to be routinely used.^[96]

Greyhound announced in a press conference in 2007 that a pilot program to test various security measures would be implemented at select stations and on select coaches starting later that year.

In February 2013, in partnership with DriveCam, Greyhound deployed video cameras across its entire fleet to increase safety and driver compliance by combining data and video analytics with real-time driver feedback and coaching.^[97]

Greyhound currently requires ID or credit card for all passengers in an effort to increase safety. At major stations, passengers are subject to open-bag checks, ticket checks, and pat-downs with metal detectors.^[98]

Fleet

Current fleet

As of 2014, Greyhound operates 1,229 motorcoaches^[3] produced mainly by Motor Coach Industries and Prevost.^[99]

In an effort to improve its image, the company has been aggressively buying new coaches and refurbishing existing ones. As of March 2014, 85 percent of Greyhound's fleet is new or refurbished.^[100] Each new or refurbished coach has Greyhound's navy blue and grey "neoclassic" livery on the exterior, wireless internet access, leather seating, and 120-volt power outlets at most seats. Each of the new and refurbished coaches has one fewer row of seats than the industry standard, giving passengers additional legroom.^[60] All buses purchased since 2009 have three-point seat belts installed.^[101]

The majority of the Greyhound fleet consists of the following models:

Manufacturer	Model	Image	Year	Quantity	Notes
Motor Coach Industries	102DL3 (D4500)		1998-2001	469[100]	Some merged from subsidiaries or purchased second-hand (1996-2003 model years). Most units have been rebuilt as a part of the upgrade to the nationwide fleet. Nearly 75% of units are equipped with wheelchair lifts.[102] Units that are not equipped with lifts are confined to use by Greyhound Charter Services due to ADA requirements. Some units are confined to YO! Bus service. Greyhound originally owned 665 coaches, but some have been scrapped or sold.
	G4500		2001-2003	175[100]	Some merged from subsidiaries. Being refurbished as a part of the upgrade to the nationwide fleet. Greyhound originally owned 295 coaches, but some have been scrapped or sold.
	D4505		2010	88[103]	Some units are confined to BoltBus service.
			2013	100[100]	Some units are confined to BoltBus service. Order was originally for 130 coaches,[104] but only 100 were delivered.
Prevost	X3-45		2008-2009	190[100]	Some units are confined to BoltBus service.
			2012-2013	90[100]	Order was originally for 60 coaches,[105] later increased to 90.[106]
			2014	55[107]

(Not all coaches listed are still in service due to accidents and ADA requirements.)

"Demonstrator" coaches

Greyhound also occasionally uses "demonstrator" coaches (on loan from a manufacturer looking to sell coaches to Greyhound) on routes. Current demonstrators include the Setra S217HDH and the Van Hool C2045.

Past coaches with nicknames

• General Motors PD-4501 Scenicruiser
• Motor Coach Industries MC 6 Supercruiser
• Motor Coach Industries MC 7 Scenicruiser Super 7
• Motor Coach Industries MC 8 Americruiser (aka Crusader)
• Motor Coach Industries MC 9 Americruiser II (aka Crusader II)

Later models such as the A series and the MC-12 bore only the Americruiser name. Greyhound's current Prevost and MCI D & G series coaches do not carry nicknames.

Stations

(This list covers stations within or adjacent to stations for regional rapid transit and commuter rail service.)

Greyhound has stations in most major cities in the counties where it operates, as well as some mid-size cities and towns. Some Greyhound locations function as part of transit centers primarily functioning as stations for regional or municipal rapid transit or commuter rail services, i.e. St. Louis, Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia.

Greyhound Community Reflections Mural Program

Greyhound Lines and the National Council for La Raza (NCLR) sponsor the Greyhound Community Reflections Mural Program, in which Latino American student artists paint murals reflecting the contributions of Latino Americans. These are posted in Greyhound Stations across the United States.^[108] The bus line had three painted in Texas by 2003.^[109]

Notable incidents and accidents

Below is a list of major incidents and accidents on Greyhound buses and buses of subsidiaries in the United States.

• August 4, 1952: In Greyhound's most deadly collision two Greyhound buses collided head-on with each other along the then-U.S. Route 81 near Waco, Texas. The fuel tanks of both buses then ruptured, bursting into flames. Of the 56 persons aboard both coaches, 28 were killed, including both drivers.^[110][111]
• May 13, 1972: Near Bean Station, Tennessee, between Knoxville and Bristol, a Greyhound Scenicruiser on a scheduled trip from Memphis to New York City collided head-on with a tractor-trailer truck. The driver of the bus had begun to pass a car. Fourteen people, including both the bus and truck drivers, died. The National Transportation Safety Board determined that the cause of the crash was the Greyhound driver's overtaking maneuver and his failure to avoid the truck.^[112]
• May 9, 1980: A cargo ship collided with the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, near St. Petersburg, Florida, causing a part of the roadway to collapse and causing several vehicles, including a Greyhound bus, to fall into Tampa Bay. All 26 people aboard the bus died, as did nine others. This incident remains as the largest loss of life on a single Greyhound coach.
• June 20, 1998: A Greyhound bus on a scheduled trip from New York City to Pittsburgh ran off a road near Burnt Cabins, Pennsylvania, and hit a truck parked in an emergency parking area. Six passengers and the driver died. The National Transportation Safety Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was driver fatigue, due to an irregular work-rest schedule.^[113]
• October 3, 2001: At approximately 4:15 a.m. local time, a passenger, Damir Igric, assaulted the driver of his bus, attempting to slit his throat, and causing the bus to crash near Manchester, Tennessee, killing Igric himself and five other passengers and injuring 32 others. Since the incident occurred three weeks after the September 11 terrorist attacks, Greyhound temporarily suspended all schedules as soon as the company learned of the incident for fear that it may have been part of a larger co-ordinated attack. After investigation by the company and the FBI, it was confirmed that Igric had acted alone and service resumed later that afternoon.^[114] After the incident, Greyhound bus stations increased security, though not nearly to the same level as airports or train stations.
• September 30, 2002: Arturo Martinez Tapia assaulted a Greyhound driver near Fresno, California, resulting in two passenger deaths after the bus then rolled off an embankment and crashed.^[115] Following this attack, an aisle gate and driver's shield were installed on most Greyhound buses which prevent passengers from having direct contact with the driver when the bus is in motion, even if the aisle gate is forced open.
• January 23, 2014: Maquel Donyel Morris, 'who reportedly was hallucinating, screamed "Everybody's going to die," pummeled the driver and grabbed the steering wheel' of a bus traveling on Interstate 10 near Tonopah, Arizona, 50 miles (80 km) west of Phoenix. 24 passengers were injured, including 21 who were airlifted to nearby hospitals. Police credited the driver for keeping the bus upright and preventing it from crossing into oncoming traffic.^[116]

In popular culture

Films

• The 1934 film It Happened One Night shows the main character on a Greyhound bus from Florida to New York City.^[117]
• The 1961 film Breakfast at Tiffany's shows the main character seeing her ex-husband off from New York City.^[117]
• The 1969 film Midnight Cowboy shows the main character holding his hustler friend on a New York City to Florida bus.^[117]
• The 1974 film "Harry and Tonto" shows the main character, played by Art Carney, traveling cross-country with his cat aboard a Greyhound bus.
• The 1991 film Sleeping with the Enemy sees the main character escape from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to Cedar Falls, Iowa on a Greyhound bus.
• The 1991 TV miniseries Golden Years shows Stephen King as a Greyhound bus driver in a cameo.

Songs

• The Barry Mann/Cynthia Weil 1963 song "On Broadway" (remade most famously by The Drifters and later George Benson) mentions "I'll catch a Greyhound bus for home".
• Chuck Berry rides a Greyhound bus from Norfolk, Virginia, to Birmingham, Alabama, in his 1965 song "Promised Land".
• The Allman Brothers Band referenced Greyhound Lines in their 1973 hit song "Ramblin' Man."^[118]
• Simon and Garfunkel referred to Greyhound Lines in their 1972 song "America".
• In his song "Me and the Devil Blues", blues singer and guitarist Robert Johnson expresses a wish that his body be buried beside a road so that his "old evil spirit" can "catch a Greyhound bus and ride".
• Country star Sara Evans' 2003 song "Backseat of a Greyhound Bus" describes a pregnant woman who escapes the confines of a small town and gives birth in a Greyhound bus.
• On indie rock band The Hang Ups' album "So We Go", the last song is called "Greyhound Bus".
• Creedence Clearwater Revival mention Greyhound in their 1969 song, "Lodi".
• Billy Joel's "New York State of Mind" from the "Turnstiles" album, released on May 19, 1976, refers to taking "a Greyhound on the Hudson River Line."^[119]
• The stage musical Violet, like the short story "The Ugliest Pilgrim" on which it is based, follows the title character on a Greyhound Bus trip from Spruce Pine, North Carolina to Tulsa, Oklahoma and back.
• American rock band The Mountain Goats references the narrator being "headed for the greyhound" in See America Right off of the album Tallahassee.
• Kenny Chesney's song "Pirate Flag" describes the singer's escape from a small mountain town by taking a Greyhound bus to (what is implied to be) Key West, Florida.
• Dexter Freebish's 2000 hit "Leaving Town" mentions Greyhound ("Take a drag and wait for the Greyhound, the world is your playground").

See also

• Greyhound Air – defunct
• Greyhound Bus Museum
• Greyhound Australia
• Greyhound Canada
• Greyhound Mexico
• Greyhound UK
• Lady Greyhound – mascot
• List of Greyhound Bus stations
• Megabus (North America)
• Peter Pan Bus Lines
• Trailways Transportation System

Former operating subsidiaries Atlantic Greyhound Lines Capitol Greyhound Lines Dixie Greyhound Lines Florida Greyhound Lines Great Lakes Greyhound Lines Southeastern Greyhound Lines Teche Greyhound Lines

References

Further reading

• Schisgall, Oscar (1985). The Greyhound Story: From Hibbing to everywhere. Chicago: J.G. Ferguson Publishing Company (Doubleday). ISBN 0-385-19690-3.
• Margolis, Richard J., "Sic paratransit gloria omnibus. (decline of rural bus service by Greyhound has led to services provided by vans and minibuses)", The New Leader, June 3, 1985.
• Bluehounds and Redhounds, the histories of Greyhound and Trailways.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greyhound Lines.

• Greyhound Lines home page
• Greyhound Canada
• Greyhound Mexico
• Greyhound UK
• Greyhound Lines timetable

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