Graphium eurypylus

Graphium eurypylus
Dorsal view of Pale Triangle photographed Mount Mee, SE Queensland, Australia
Ventral view of Graphium eurypylus mecisteus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Genus: Graphium
Subgenus: Graphium
Species: G. eurypylus
Binomial name
Graphium eurypylus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
  • Papilio eurypylus Linnaeus, 1758
  • Chlorisses harrietta Swainson, 1851
  • Semicaudati kochianus Koch, 1860
  • Zetides euryplus
  • Arisbe eurypelus Page & Treadaway, 2003
  • Eurypleana eurypylus [1]

The Great Jay (Graphium eurypylus), also known as the Pale Green Triangle, is a species of tropical butterfly belonging to the Papilionidae family.

Etymology

The specific name eurypylus likely comes from the name Eurypylus, a Thessalian king leading the Thessalians during the Trojan war.

Distribution

This species can be found in the Australasia ecozone and in the Indomalaya ecozone (North-East India, Southeast Asia and Australia).[2]

Description

Graphium eurypylus has a wingspan reaching about 7–8 centimetres (2.8–3.1 in). The basic colour of the uppersides of the wings is black, with a chain of yellowish or greenish spots at the edges. In the middle of the forewings there is a large yellowish or greenish area. The undersides of the wings are similar to the uppersides, but the basic colour is brownish and the spots are paler or whitish. The hind wings have a few red spots.

Subspecies jason (South India and Sri Lanka) — Males and females. Upperside black. Fore wing : three slender, oblique, short pale green streaks in basal half of cell and two irregular small similarly-coloured spots near its apex; a discal band composed of pale green spots that gradually diminish in size anteriorly, the spot in interspace 5 the smallest, the two in the interspaces above it slightly larger; a spot at base of interspace 7 and a sinuous complete subterminal series of spots similarly coloured. Hind wing: a transverse band that extends as far as interspace 2 posteriorly and is a continuation of the discal band on the fore wing; the upper portion of this band white, the lower pale green; this is followed by a sinuous subterminal series of small pale greon spots as on the fore wing. Underside: brownish-fulvous black; markings similar, larger, their edges diffuse and all of a silvery white, slightly tinted with pale green. Hind wing in addition has a white basal streak that extends halfway down the dorsal margin; another shorter white subbasal streak from costa to the subcostal vein coalescent with the white of the discal band iu the cell, the streak of ground-colour that lies between this subbasal and the discal band jet-black, interrupted where it crosses vein 8 by a crimson spot; finally, quadrate black spots near apex of cell and at bases of interspaces 1, 2 and 3, all outwardly margined with crimson. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen black; beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen touched with white, the abdomen with dingy white lateral lines. Male has an abdominal fold within grey, with a fringe of white hairs.[3]

Race axion, Felder (Malayan region and Himalayas) Can be distinguished from race jason as follows:—The markings that compose the discal band very much broader; all the spots and markings of pale green and white conspicuously larger, especially in the spring broods. Underside of hind wing: crimson spots more conspicuous, a line of crimson along the posterior portion of the dorsal margin; in most specimens the short subbasal narrow band of white that runs from the costa to the subcostal vein does not coalesce with the white of the discal band where it crosses the cell.[3]

Gallery

Life cycle

Larva

"Very like that of P. agamemnon, but the second pair of spines is entirely wanting and the third pair, which in agamemnon is rather long, curved and sharp, is reduced in this species to mere knobs encircled with a black ring. The colour is generally black or smoky until the last moult and then dull green, inclining to rusty brown on the sides, but some of our specimens remained quite black to the end." (Davidson and Aitken quoted in Bingham, 1907)

Larvae mainly feed on various species of Annonaceae family (Annona cherimola, Annona glabra, Annona reticulata, Annona muricata, Annona squamosa, Mitrephora froggattii, Artabotrys speciosus, Goniothalamus macranthus, Melodorum leichhardtii, Melodorum rupestrum, Melodorum siamensis, Polyalthia longifolia, Polyalthia nitidissima, Uvaria rufa), as well as on Michelia champaca (Magnoliaceae) and Diploglottis australis (Sapindaceae).[1]

Pupa

"The distinguishing mark of the pupa is again in the frontal horn, which is straight as in agamemnon, but directed forward instead of being almost erect. Its colour is normally green, but varies with that of the object to which it is attached." (Davidson and Aitken quoted in Bingham, 1907)

Subspecies

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Funet.fi
  2. ↑ Collins, N.M., Morris, M.G. (1985) Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World. IUCN. ISBN 2-88032-603-6
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bingham, C. T. (1907) Fauna of British India. Butterflies. Volume 2.

External links

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