Godiji

Shri Godiji Parshwanth, Mumbai

Shri Godiji Parshwanth, Mumbai
Coordinates: 18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.97500°N 72.82583°ECoordinates: 18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.97500°N 72.82583°E
Name
Devanagari: श्री गोडीजी पार्श्वनाथ
Sanskrit transliteration: Śrī Godījī Parsvanath
Location
Country: India
State/province: Maharashtra
Locale: Pydhonie,Mumbai
Architecture and culture
Primary deity: Parsvanath
Important festivals: Mahavir Jayanti
Number of temples: 1
Date established: 1812

Godiji Parshwanath ((Hindi: श्री गोडीजी पार्श्वनाथ)) is the name given to several images of the Jain Tirthankar Parshwananth in India, and to the temple where it is the main deity (mulanayaka). Parshwanath was the 23rd Tirthankara who attained nirvana in 777 BCE.

The original image, about 1.5 feet high, was at Gori in Tharparkar district of Pakistan. The original temple still stands, but is empty.[1] It is in village of Gori between Islamkot and Nagarparkar.[2]

Godiji Parshwanth Temple in Mumbai

Among the images that bear the name Godiji Parshwanth, the best known is Godiji Parshvanath in the Pydhuni locality of Bombay.[3] It was established in beginning of the eighteenth century in the Fort Jain Deraser area. The image is said to have been brought from Hamirpur in Sirohi district in Rajasthan.

in 1877, Seth Amichand of Khambhat settled in Mumbai and constructed a griha jinalaya.[4] The temple was moved in samvat 1859 (1803 CE) to Pydhuni locality because of a fire. In 1811, his sons Nemchand and Modishah acquired the current site, and in 1812 the pratishtha ceremony was conducted. The brick and wood structure was complete replaced by a three story marble structure in 1989. Its 200th anniversary is being celebrated during April 15-May 12. 2012.[5]

A stamp commemorating this celebration was released by Milind Deora, the Minister of State for Communications and IT, on April 17, 2012. On this occasion, a four volume directory of ancient manuscripts was released.[6]

A massive community feast for 800,000 individuals has been organized. Sweets accompanying an invitation has been sent to 1,34,000 families. The ingredients include 1,50,000 kilo mango juice, 30,000 kilo wheat flour and 2000 kilo red chillies.[7]

Other Godiji Parshwanth Temples

Other Godiji Parshwanth temples are at Pune,[8] Jaswantpura, Mohbatnagar, Shivnagar, Falaudi, Laaj,Gohili, Jalore, Sanchor, Hyderabad, Guntur, Chitradurga, etc.

The original Gori Temple (گوری مندر) in Tharparkar

For several centuries, the temple at Goripur was a celebrated Jain tirtha. An account of its building is contained in "Gaudi Parshvanath Stavan" by Pritivimala, composed in Samvat 1650 and "Shri Gaudi Parshvanath Stavan" written by Nemavijaya in Samvat 1807.[9]

According to Muni Darshanvijaya,[10] it was installed by Seth Godidas of Jhinjhuvad and was consecreted by Acharya Hemachandra at Patan in Samvat 1228. It was brought to Patan and was buried underground for safekeeping during a period of disturbance. It was rediscovered in Samvat 1432 (1375-6 AD)and was stored in the stable of the local ruler.

According to the old texts, a merchant Megha Sa from Nagarparkar acquired the image by paying 125 dramma or 500 pieces (taka) and brought to Nagarparkar, where it was formally reconsecreted by Acharya Merutunga Suri of Anchala Gachchha. Later, according to instructions he received in a dream, he settled a new town at Godipur and constructed a temple in samvat 1444, thus establishing the Godi Parshvanth Tirth. The construction was supervised by an architect from Sirohi. The shikhar of the temple was completed by his son Mahio.

The tirth became famous and was visited by the Jains from afar.

It was visited by Stanley Napier Raikes in 1854.[11] Raikes met local Jains to compile recent history and consulted a Jain Yati Goorjee Kuntvujajee at Bodhesar, who had manuscripts describing the history of the temple.

In AD 1716, the local chief Soda Sutojee moved the image from the temple to a fort. The image used to buried underground at a secret location for safekeeping, and used to be taken out time to time with great elebration. Raikes write that thousands of monks and hundreds of thousands of ordinary people assembled for the fairs held in 1764, 1788, 1796, 1810, 1822 and 1824 for the idol’s exhibition.[12] In AD 1832, the chief Soda Poonjajee, who was the only person who knew the location of the image, was captured by the ex-Ameers and died in captivity. The image was never seen again.

The temple was later damaged in the battle between Colonel Tyrwhitt and a local Sodha chief, who had taken shelter at the temple.

The temple was inspected the Archaeological Survey of India in 1879.[13] The report refers to it having been built in Samvat 1432.[14] An inscription of 1715 was noted mentioning repairs made.[15]

Jain Muni Vidyavijayaji visited Sindh in 1937.[16] He notes that the temple was empty, and had decayed. A local Bhil served as a guard. At that time there were still many Jain families in towns near Nagarparkar. During India's partition in 1947, the Jains left and the temple became inaccessible to the Jain community.

Gori Temple Architecture: The Gori temple was constructed in the classical medieval style. The main structure (mula prasad) with a shikhara is surrounded by 52 subsidiary shrines (devakulikas), just like the Vimala Vasahi at Mt. Abu. It is termed Dvi-Saptati or Bavan Jinalaya by Nandalal Chunilal Somapura in the Sanskrit text JinaPrasad-Martanda.[17] Like Vimala Vasahi, each of the 52 shrines are topped with a low dome. There is a bhonyra (underground chamber) like some of the old temples in North India.

The shrines are now empty. However the paintings in the 12-column ranga-mandap at the front gate are well preserved. An upper band shows people worshiping the Tirthankaras. Two of the bands below show processions with horses, elephants, planquins, chariots, indoor and outdoor scenes etc. and one of the bands has paintings of the Tirthankaras. Such paintings are now quite rare, since paintings of this period in India have generarally been painted over.

Descendants of the builders

According to traditional accounts, compiled in early 20th century by Yati Ramlal Gani,[18] the members of the Gothi clan of Oswals are the descendants of Megha Sa. They now live in various part of India.[19]

There are many remains of Jain temples in Nagarparkar region. Several Oswal clans trace their descent from this region.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gori jo Mandar: Desert rose, By Aakash Santorai, Published: February 2, 2011, Express Tribune Pakistan, http://tribune.com.pk/story/109991/gori-jo-mandar-desert-rose/
  2. ↑ As Mumbai Jain temple wraps up celebrations, silence shrouds its predecessor in Pakistan, Yashwant K. Malaiya, May 18, 2012 http://tribune.com.pk/story/380436/as-mumbai-jain-temple-wraps-up-celebrations-silence-shrouds-its-predecessor-in-pakistan/
  3. ↑ On seventh heaven in Pydhonie, Times Of India, Jun 21, 2003, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/On-seventh-heaven-in-Pydhonie/articleshow/34209.cms
  4. ↑ श्री गोड़ीजी तीर्थ, मुनि विमलसागरजी महाराज, 2012, Shatabdi Gaurav Hindi Fortnightly, http://www.shatabdigaurav.com/t_godiji_parshwanath.html
  5. ↑ Grand celebrations on cards as Jain temple completes 200 yrs, Mar 24, 2012, Daily News and Analysis, http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_grand-celebrations-on-cards-as-jain-temple-completes-200-yrs_1666662
  6. ↑ ગોડીજી ગૌરવ પર્વના જ્ઞાનમહોત્સવમાં થયો જ્ઞાનધર્મનો જયજયકાર, 22 April 2012, Gujarati Midday, http://www.gujaratimidday.com/mumbai-local/mumbai-local/godaji-jinalaya-10
  7. ↑ Mega celebrations mark Jain temple bi-centenary, Quaid Najmi, 15 April 2012, http://twocircles.net/2012apr15/mega_celebrations_mark_jain_temple_bicentenary.html
  8. ↑ Golden crown worth Rs 2 lakh stolen from Godiji Parshwanath Temple; police study CCTV images, Mid-day, 2012-03-02, http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/mar/020312-Theft-at-temple.htm
  9. ↑ Bhanvarlal Nahta, Shri Gaudi Parchvanath Tirth, Muni Jinavijaya Abhinandan Granth, Ed. Dalsukh Malvania, Jinavijayaji Samman Samiti, Jaipur, 1971, p. 263-275
  10. ↑ Jain Paramparano Itihas, Munishi Darshanvijaya, Jnanavijaya, Nyayavijaya, Charitra Smarak Granthamala, Ahmedabad, 1960, p. 739-743
  11. ↑ Stanley Napier Raikes, Memoir on the Thurr and Parkur districts of Sind, Education Society's Press, Byculla, 1859. p. 83, Appendix B,
  12. ↑ Footloose: The lost idol of Gorecha —Salman Rashid, Daily Times, Pakistan, June 27, 2008, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C06%5C27%5Cstory_27-6-2008_pg3_5
  13. ↑ Reports regarding the archaeological remains in Kurrachee, Hyderabad, and Shikárpur collectorates, in Sindh, with plans of tombs, Volume 8 of Archæological Survey of Western India, Archaeological Survey of India, Govt. Central Press, 1879, p. 29
  14. ↑ Essai de bibliographie Jaina: répertoire analytique et méthodique des relatifs au Jainisme, By Armand Albert Guérinot, E. Leroux, 1906
  15. ↑ Revised lists of antiquarian remains in the Bombay Presidency: Government central press, 1897, James Burgess, Henry Cousens, p. 222
  16. ↑ Mari Sindhyatra, Muni Vidyavijayaji, Shri Vijayavardhamanasuri Jain Granthmala, v. 53, 1943 AD, p. 13-15
  17. ↑ Shilpacharya Nandalal Chunilal Somapura, JinaPrasad-Martanda, Dakshkumar Nandalal Somapura, Palitana, 1993, p. 343-345
  18. ↑ Mahajan-Vamsh-Muktavali, Upadhayay Shri Ramalaji Gani, Pub. Shisyakshem Amar Balchandra, Bikaner, 1921, p. 21-24
  19. ↑ Mangilal Bhutoria, Itihas Ki Amarbel Oswal, Priyadarshi Prakashn 1992, p. 226

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