Gibson Nighthawk

1993 Nighthawk ST3 in Translucent Amber.

The Gibson Nighthawk was a family of electric guitars manufactured by Gibson. Introduced in 1993, the Nighthawk represented a radical change from traditional Gibson designs. While its maple-capped mahogany body and set neck were reminiscent of the classic Gibson Les Paul, the Nighthawk incorporated a number of characteristics more commonly associated with Fender guitars. But the Nighthawk was not a commercial success; production of all models was discontinued in 1998 after only five years.

In July 2009, Gibson revived the Nighthawk with the Nighthawk 2009 limited edition. Current production models^[1] include the Nighthawk Studio, the 20th Anniversary Nighthawk Standard, and the 2013 Nancy Wilson Nighthawk Standard.^[2] Some of these newer models are faithful to the design of the original Nighthawk, but others are only cosmetically similar.

Models

Original models

• The Nighthawk Custom (CST or CST3) had a decorated flame maple top. The headstock, body, and neck were bound, and the neck had crown-shaped inlays. The color options were Antique Natural, Fireburst, and Translucent Amber.^[3]
• The Nighthawk Standard (ST or ST3) had a more plain flame maple top, with binding only on the body and neck. The fingerboard had split-parallelogram inlays. The color options were Fireburst, Translucent Amber, and Vintage Sunburst.^[4]
• The Nighthawk Special (SP or SP3) was a low-end model, with some cosmetic features omitted to reduce cost. The Special had the same components as the Standard and Custom, but bound only on the body. The neck had plain dot inlays and the headstock did not have a holly crest adornment. The color choices were Ebony, Heritage Cherry, and Vintage Sunburst.^[5] The Nighthawk Special was priced about $200 below the Nighthawk Standard.

All of these models were available with either two or three pickups. The two-pickup models (CST, ST, and SP) had an M-series mini-humbucker in the neck position and an M-series slanted humbucker at the bridge.^[6] The three-pickup models (CST3, ST3, and SP3) had the same pickups as the two-pickup models, plus a third NSX single-coil pickup in the middle position.^[7] The photo above shows an original three-pickup Nighthawk ST3.

Pickup selection map for original 1990s Gibson USA Nighthawks.

The five-position knife switch common to all Nighthawks provided five tone settings (or pickup combinations), but on the three-pickup models, the tone knob included a push/pull feature that provided access to a second set of five, for a total of ten tones. It is often said that when the knob is pulled out, the humbuckers' coils were split, but this is somewhat misleading. All Nighthawks had a mixture of humbucking and split-coil tones whether or not they had the push-pull feature. On the two-pickup models, only positions 2 and 5 used both coils of the same pickup; the other three positions were split-coil.^[8] On the three-pickup models, one or both humbuckers were split in positions 1, 2, 4, and 5 with the tone knob pulled up, and in position 5 with the tone knob pushed down.^[9] (See the graphic at right.)

The pickup selections on the reissue Nighthawks of later years (see below) were usually different from the original models of the 1990s.

Special editions

• The Landmark Series were Nighthawks with paint and finishes meant to represent United States national parks and monuments. Each Landmark guitar was marked "Landmark Series" on the back of the headstock and included a decal identifying the park or monument it commemorated. The Landmark Series used two M-Series mini-humbuckers instead of the standard Nighthawk combination of one mini-humbucker and one slanted humbucker.^[10]
• In 1994 a numbered Limited Edition of 100 Nighthawks was released. This model was basically a Nighthawk ST3 with a chocolate-burst finish. On the trussrod cover were the words "Limited Edition" and the guitar's number/100.

Other related models

• The Hawk was a low-cost alternative to the Nighthawk. It had conventional Alnico humbuckers instead of the M-series pickups used in the Nighthawk, and it was cosmetically even more plain than the Nighthawk Special.^[11]
• The Blueshawk^[12] and Little Lucille,^[13] introduced in 1996, were blues-oriented guitars modeled on the Nighthawk. They had partly hollow bodies with F-holes and two single-coil Blues 90 pickups.

Modern revival models (no longer in production)

• The Nighthawk 2009 was a limited edition released in 2009. It featured a maple-capped mahogany body in Translucent Amber finish and two pickups (a P-90 in the neck position and an Alnico humbucker in the bridge position), and a fixed bridge.^[14]
• The Nighthawk Standard 2010 was a limited edition with a quilted maple cap (in the Chicago Blue, Memphis Mojo and St. Louis Sauce finishes) over a chambered poplar body. Some sellers claimed that only one hundred of each color were made, but Gibson has never confirmed this. The Nighthawk 2010 came with gold hardware, a granadillo fretboard, a fixed bridge, and three pickups (a splittable BurstBucker 1, a Gold Blade single-coil, and a splittable BurstBucker 2). The five-way selector switch plus the coil-splitting option provide a total of nine pickup combinations.^[15]
• The Nighthawk 2011 was nearly identical to the 2010 model, but it was offered only in the Vintage Sunburst finish and its MSRP was $300 higher. The production run was not limited.^[16]

Current models

Pickup selection map for Gibson 20th Anniversary Nighthawk Standard.

• The Epiphone Nighthawk Custom Reissue was introduced in 2011. It was a low-cost model based on the original Nighthawk CST3, but with only a veneer (rather than a solid cap) of flame maple over a mahogany body. It was available in the Honey Burst, Fireburst, Trans Amber, and Trans Black finishes. Like all modern Epiphones, it was manufactured in the Far East.^[17]
• The Nighthawk Studio was introduced in 2011. It featured a solid mahogany body (without a maple cap) and two humbucking pickups (a BurstBucker 1 and a BurstBucker 2). It was available in the Goldtop, Pelham Blue, and Silverburst finishes.^[18]
• The 20th Anniversary Nighthawk Standard was introduced in 2013. Its construction and features were very similar to the original Nighthawk ST3, but its pickup selections were different (see graphic), and it was available only in the Antique Natural and Fireburst finishes.^[19]
• The Nancy Wilson Nighthawk Standard was introduced in 2013. It was a two-pickup model with a mini-humbucker and a slanted humbucker, similar to the original Nighthawk ST. It was available only in the Fireburst finish.^[20] It was based on a prototype that Wilson had designed in collaboration with Gibson years earlier.^[21]

Similarities to Fender guitars

With its set neck and maple-capped mahogany body, the Nighthawk was structurally and aesthetically a Gibson, but certain key aspects of its design took it into Fender territory. The slanted bridge humbucker had less gain than the regular Gibson humbucker and had a bright, sharp tone which in single-coil mode was similar to that of Fender's Telecasters and Stratocasters. The mini-humbucker neck pickup had a mellower and warmer tone than the bright bridge pickup, and in single-coil mode was also similar to the sound of the neck pickup in a Stratocaster. The middle pickup (available as an option) was a single-coil design similar to the middle pickup of the Stratocaster. The Nighthawk's scale length (the distance from the nut to the bridge) was Fender's standard 25½" rather than Gibson's usual 24¾". This important difference, which required greater tension for a given gauge of strings, made the guitar feel more like a Fender from a playing perspective and added to the tonal similarities. The Nighthawk's body was closer in mass to a Fender guitar than a typical Gibson Les Paul, and the string-through-body bridge is similar to that of the Telecaster.

Some Nighthawk Customs used a Floyd Rose locking vibrato unit instead of the Gibson Vibrola or Bigsby vibrato tailpiece more commonly found on Gibson guitars.

Notable Nighthawk players

Joe Louis Walker Nancy Wilson

References

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