German-occupied Europe
German–occupied Europe or Nazi Empire refers to the countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945.
Some countries started the war as Allies of the United Kingdom or the Soviet Union, and were forced to surrender, or were subdued and then occupied. In some cases, the governments went into exile, or governments-in-exile were formed by some of their citizens, in other Allied countries. Other countries occupied by the Nazis were officially neutral. Some occupied countries were former members of the Axis powers, and were occupied by German forces at a later stage of the war.
Occupied countries
The countries occupied included all or most of:
Country of occupation |
Timeline of occupation | See for further details |
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Albanian Kingdom (German occupation of Albania) |
September 8, 1943 – 1944 | Puppet government of Nazi Germany: Albanian Kingdom |
Bailiwick of Guernsey (German occupation of Guernsey) |
June 30, 1940 – May 9, 1945 | |
Bailiwick of Jersey (German occupation of Jersey) |
June 30, 1940 – May 9, 1945 | |
Commissioner Government
Government of National Salvation |
April 30, 1941 – 1941/1942/1943/1944 | Occupied territory of Nazi Germany: Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia |
Czechoslovak Republic |
October 1, 1938 – 1945 (Sudetenland) March 15, 1939 – 1945 (Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia) 1939–1945 (German Zone of Protection in Slovakia) March 12, 1944 – 1944/1945 (Government of National Unity) August 29, 1944 – 1944/1945 (Slovak Republic) |
Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Gau Bayreuth Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Reichsgau Niederdonau Reichsgau Oberdonau Reichsgau Sudetenland Occupied territory of Nazi Germany: |
Federal State of Austria (German occupation of Austria) |
March 12, 1938 – 1945 | Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Reichsgau Kärnten Reichsgau Niederdonau Reichsgau Oberdonau Reichsgau Salzburg Reichsgau Steiermark Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg Reichsgau Wien |
Free City of Danzig (German occupation of Danzig) |
September 1, 1939 – 1945 | Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia |
French Republic
Provisional Government of the French Republic
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May 10, 1940 – 1944/1945 (Zone interdite) November 10, 1942 – 1943/1944/1945 (Zone sud) September 8, 1943 – 1943/1944/1945 (Zone sud) |
Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Gau Baden Gau Westmark Reichsgau Flandern Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France Military Administration in France |
Governorate of Montenegro (German occupation of Montenegro) |
September 8, 1943 – 1943/1944 | Occupied territory of Nazi Germany: German occupied territory of Montenegro |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (German occupation of Luxembourg) |
May 10, 1940 – 1944/1945 | Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Gau Koblenz-Trier |
Independent State of Macedonia (German occupation of Macedonia) |
September 8, 1944 – 1944 | |
Independent State of Croatia (German occupation of Croatia) |
April 10, 1941 – 1941/1942/1943/1944/1945 September 8, 1943 – 1943/1944/1945 | |
Italian Islands of the Aegean (German occupation of the Dodecanese) |
September 8, 1943 – 1945 | Puppet government of Nazi Germany: Italian Social Republic |
Kingdom of Belgium (German occupation of Belgium) |
May 10, 1940 – 1944/1945 | Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Gau Cologne-Aix-la-Chapelle Reichsgau Flandern Reichsgau Wallonien Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: |
Kingdom of Denmark (German occupation of Denmark) |
April 9, 1940 – May 5, 1945 | |
Kingdom of Greece (German occupation of Greece) |
April 6, 1941 – 1943/1944/1945 | Puppet government of Nazi Germany: Hellenic State |
Kingdom of Hungary (German occupation of Hungary) |
March 12, 1944 – 1944/1945 | Puppet government of Nazi Germany: Government of National Unity |
Kingdom of Italy (German occupation of Italy) |
September 8, 1943 – 1943/1944/1945 | Puppet government of Nazi Germany: Italian Social Republic Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: |
Kingdom of Norway (German occupation of Norway) |
April 9, 1940 – May 8, 1945 | Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: Reichskommissariat für die besetzten norwegischen Gebiete Puppet government of Nazi Germany: National Government |
Kingdom of the Netherlands (German occupation of the Netherlands) |
May 10, 1940 – 1944/1945 | Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch Territories |
Kingdom of Romania (German occupation of Romania) |
August 23, 1944 – 1944 | |
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia |
April 6, 1941 – 1941/1942/1943/1944/1945 September 8, 1943 – 1943/1944/1945 |
Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral Reichsgau Kärnten Reichsgau Steiermark Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: Albanian Kingdom |
Principality of Monaco (German occupation of Monaco) |
September 8, 1943 – 1945 | |
Republic of Finland (German occupation of Finland) |
September 15, 1944 – April 25, 1945 (Lapland) |
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Republic of Poland
Republic of Poland |
September 1, 1939 – 1944/1945 | Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Bezirk Bialystok Gau East Prussia Gau Niederschlesien General Government Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia Reichsgau Wartheland Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: |
Republic of San Marino (German occupation of San Marino) |
September 17, 1944 – September 20, 1944 | |
Provisional Government of Lithuania (German occupation of Lithuania) |
June 23, 1941 – August 5, 1941 | Occupied territory of Nazi Germany: Reichskommissariat Ostland |
Slovak Republic (German occupation of Slovakia) |
1939–1945 (German Zone of Protection in Slovakia) August 29, 1944 – 1944/1945 (Slovak Republic) |
Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: German Zone of Protection in Slovakia Puppet government of Nazi Germany: Slovak Republic |
Territory of the Saar Basin | March 1, 1935 – 1939 1939–1945 |
Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Gau Westmark |
Ukrainian National Government (German occupation of Ukraine) |
June 30, 1941–September 1941 | Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: General Government Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (German occupation of the Soviet Union) Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic |
June 22, 1941 – 1941/1942/1943/1944/1945 | Annexed territories of Nazi Germany: Bezirk Bialystok General Government Occupied territories of Nazi Germany: |
See also
- Drang nach Osten ("The Drive Eastward")
- Lebensraum ("Living Space")
- Neuordnung ("New Order")
- Areas annexed by Nazi Germany
- Pan-Germanism
- Greater Germanic Reich
- Reorganization of occupied dioceses during World War II
- Atlantic Wall
- European Theatre of World War II
- List of Nazi-German concentration camps
External links
- Map of Europe in 1942
- http://www.worldwar2history.info/war/Allies.html
- http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/648813/World-War-II/53572/German-occupied-Europe
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/events/germany_advances_through_europe
- http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/nazioccupation/
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