Generational list of programming languages

For programming languages categorized by generational numbers, see programming language generations.

Programming language lists
Alphabetical Categorical Chronological Generational

Here, a genealogy of programming languages is shown. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetical order. Of course, any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.

ALGOL based

ALGOL (also under Fortran)
- Atlas Autocode
- ALGOL 58 (IAL, International Algorithmic Language)
  - MAD and GOM (Michigan Algorithm Decoder and Good Old MAD)
- ALGOL 60
  - MAD/I
  - Simula (see also Simula based languages)
- ALGOL 68
- ALGOL W
  - Pascal
    - Ada
      - SPARK
      - PL/SQL
    - Turbo Pascal
      - Object Pascal (Delphi)
        Free Pascal (FPC)
        
        Kylix (same as Delphi, but for Linux)
    - Euclid
      - Concurrent Euclid
      - Turing
        Turing Plus
        
        Object Oriented Turing
    - Modula-2
      - Modula-3
      - Oberon (Oberon-1)
        Go (also under C)
        
        Oberon-2
        Component Pascal
        
        Active Oberon
        Zonnon
        
        Oberon-07
      - Lua (also under Scheme and SNOBOL)
    - SUE
      - Plus
- CPL
  - BCPL
    - B
    - C
      - Alef
      - C++
        C#
        Cobra (class/object model and other features)
        
        Windows PowerShell (also under DCL, ksh, and Perl)
        
        Java
        Groovy
        
        Scala
        
        Join Java
        
        J#
        
        Processing
        
        X10
        
        Rust (also under Cyclone, Haskell, and OCaml)
      - C--
      - Cyclone
        Rust (also under C++, Haskell, and OCaml)
      - D
      - ColdFusion
      - Go (also under Oberon)
      - Harbour
        Limbo
      - LPC
        Pike
      - Objective-C (also under Smalltalk)
        Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Haskell)
      - PCASTL (also under Lisp)
      - Perl
        Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL, and ksh)
        
        S2
        
        PHP
        
        Ruby (also under Smalltalk)
        Swift (also under Objective-C, Haskell, and Python)
        
        PDL (also under APL)
      - Python
        Swift (also under Objective-C, Haskell, and Ruby)
      - QuakeC
      - tcsh (also under sh)

APL based

APL
- A+
- J (also under FL)
- K (also under LISP)
- NESL
- PDL (also under Perl)

BASIC based

BASIC (also under Fortran II)
- AmigaBASIC
- AMOS BASIC
- BASIC Stamp
- BASIC09
- Basic4GL
- BBC Basic
- Blitz BASIC
  - Blitz3D
  - BlitzMax
  - BlitzPlus
- Business Basic
- Caché Basic
- Chinese BASIC
- COMAL
- Commodore BASIC
- DarkBASIC
  - DarkBASIC Professional
- Euphoria
- Gambas
- GW-BASIC
- GLBasic
- PowerBASIC
- QuickBASIC
  - QBasic
    - FreeBASIC
    - Liberty BASIC
      - Run BASIC
- REALbasic
- thinBasic
- TI-BASIC
- True BASIC
- Visual Basic
  - VBScript
  - Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
  - Visual Basic .NET
    - Small Basic
- YaBasic
- XBasic

Batch languages

C based

C (also under BCPL)
- Alef
- C++
  - C#
    - Cobra (class/object model and other features)
    - Windows PowerShell (also under DCL, ksh, and Perl)
  - Java
    - Groovy
    - Scala
    - Join Java
    - J#
    - Processing
    - X10
  - Rust (also under Cyclone, Haskell, and OCaml)
- C--
- Cyclone
  - Rust (also under C++, Haskell, and OCaml)
- D
- ColdFusion
- Go (also under Oberon)
- Harbour
  - Limbo
- LPC
  - Pike
- Objective-C (also under Smalltalk)
  - Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Haskell)
- PCASTL (also under Lisp)
- Perl
  - Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL, and ksh)
  - S2
  - PHP
  - Ruby (also under Smalltalk)
    - Swift (also under Objective-C, Python, and Haskell)
  - PDL (also under APL)
- Python
  - Swift (also under Ruby, Objective-C, and Haskell)
- QuakeC
- tcsh (also under sh)

COBOL based

COBOL
- ABAP
- DIBOL
- WATBOL

COMIT based

COMIT
- SNOBOL
  - Icon
    - Unicon
  - Lua (also under Modula and Scheme)

DCL based

DCL
- Windows PowerShell (also under C#, ksh, and Perl)

ed based

ed (programming language)
- sed
- AWK
  - Perl (also under C)

Eiffel based

Eiffel
- Cobra (design by contract)
- Sather
- Ubercode

Forth based

Forth
- InterPress
  - PostScript
- Joy
  - Factor
- Rebol (also under Lisp)
- RPL (also under Lisp)

Fortran based

Fortran
- Fortran II
  - BASIC (see also BASIC based languages)
- Fortran IV
  - WATFOR
  - WATFIV
- Fortran 66
  - FORMAC
  - Ratfor
- Fortran 77
  - WATFOR-77
  - Ratfiv
- Fortran 90
- Fortran 95
  - F
- Fortran 2003
- ALGOL (see also ALGOL based languages)

FP based

FP (Function Programming)
- FL (Function Level)
  - J (also under APL)
- FPr (also under Lisp and object-oriented programming)

HyperTalk based

HyperTalk
- AppleScript
- Revolution

Java based

JOSS based

JOSS
- CAL
- TELCOMP
- FOCAL
- MUMPS
  - Caché ObjectScript

Lisp based

Lisp
- Arc
- AutoLISP
- Clojure
- Common Lisp
- Emacs Lisp
- K (also under APL)
- Logo
  - Turtle graphics
- Nu programming language
- REBOL
  - Red (programming language)
- RPL (also under Forth)
- S
  - R
    - PCASTL (also under ALGOL)
- Scheme
  - GNU Guile
  - Racket
  - Hop
  - Pico
  - T
  - Lua (also under Modula and SNOBOL)

ML based

ML
- Standard ML (SML)
- Caml
  - OCaml
    - Rust (also under C++, Cyclone, and Haskell)
  - F#

PL/I based

PL/I
- PL/M
- PL/C
- REXX
- SP/k
- XPL

Prolog based

Prolog
- CLP(R), CLP(FD)
- Mercury
- Erlang
- Logtalk

SASL Based

SASL
- Kent Recursive Calculator
- Miranda
  - Haskell
    - Agda
    - Idris
    - Rust (also under C++, Cyclone, and OCaml)
    - Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Objective-C)

SETL based

SETL
- ABC
  - Python
    - Swift (also under Ruby, Objective-C, and Haskell)
    - Boo
    - Cobra (syntax and features)

sh based

Sh
- bash
- csh (also under C)
  - tcsh
- zsh
- ksh
  - Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL, and Perl)

Simula based

Simula (also under ALGOL 60)
- C++ (also under C)
- Smalltalk
  - Objective-C (hybrid of C and Smalltalk)
    - Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Haskell)
    - Cobra (support both dynamic and static types)
  - Ruby
    - Swift (also under Objective-C, Python, and Haskell)
    - Fancy
  - Self
    - ECMAScript
      - ActionScript
        Haxe
      - JavaScript (originally LiveScript)
        JavaScript OSA
      - JScript
    - NewtonScript
      - Io
- BETA

Tcl based

Tcl
- Expect
- Tea

Others

Assembly
BLISS
Candle
CORAL
Curl
GPSS
LabVIEW
- NXT-G
occam
POP-2, POP-11
REFAL
RPG (Report Program Generator)
Seed7
SQL (Structured Query Language)
TACL (Tandem Advanced Command Language)
TUTOR

External links

Diagram & history of programming languages