General MIDI Level 2
General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDI standard and is based on General MIDI and GS extensions. It was adopted in 1999 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA).
General requirements
- Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes
- MIDI Channels: 16
- Simultaneous Melodic Instruments – up to 16 (all Channels)
- Simultaneous Percussion Kits – up to 2 (Channel 10/11)
Parameters
Program and bank change events
General MIDI 2 compatible synthesizers access all of the 256 instruments by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 121 and using cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to select the variation bank before a Program Change. Variation bank 0 contains full GM sound set.
Drumset
STANDARD SET
D#1 High Q
E1 Slap
F1 Scratch Push
F#1 Scratch Pull
G1 Sticks
G#1 Square Click
A1 Metronome Click
A#1 Metronome Bell
B1 Acoustic Bass Drum
C2 Bass Drum 1
C#2 Side Stick / Rim Shot
D2 Acoustic Snare Drum
D#2 Hand Clap
E2 Electric Snare Drum
F2 Low Floor Tom
F#2 Closed Hi-Hat
G2 High Floor Tom
G#2 Pedal Hi-Hat
A2 Low Tom
A#2 Open Hi-Hat
B2 LowMid Tom
C3 HighMid Tom
C#3 Crash Cymbal 1
D3 High Tom
D#3 Ride Cymbal 1
E3 China Cymbal
F3 Ride Bell
F#3 Tambourine
G3 Splash Cymbal
G#3 Cowbell
A3 Crash Cymbal 2
A#3 Vibrato Slap
B3 Ride Cymbal 2
C4 High Bongo
C#4 Low Bongo
D4 Mute High Conga
D#4 High Conga
E4 Low Conga
F4 High Timbale
F#4 Low Timbale
G4 High Agogo
G#4 Low Agogo
A4 Cabasa
A#4 Maracas
B4 Short High Whistle
C5 Long Low Whistle
C#5 Short High Guiro
D5 Long Low Guiro
D#5 Claves
E5 High Woodblock
F5 Low Woodblock
F#5 Mute Cuica
G5 Open Cuica
G#5 Mute Triangle
A5 Open Triangle
A#5 Shaker
B5 Sleigh Bells
C6 Bell Tree
C#6 Casta nets
D6 Mute Surdo
D#6 Open Surdo§
Piano
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 1 |
0 |
Acoustic Grand Piano |
| 1 |
Wide Acoustic Grand |
| 2 |
Dark Acoustic Grand |
| 2 |
0 |
Bright Acoustic Piano |
| 1 |
Wide Bright Acoustic |
| 3 |
0 |
Electric Grand Piano |
| 1 |
Wide Electric Grand |
| 4 |
0 |
Honky-tonk Piano |
| 1 |
Wide Honky-tonk |
| 5 |
0 |
Rhodes Piano |
| 1 |
Detuned Electric Piano 1 |
| 2 |
Electric Piano 1 Variation |
| 3 |
60's Electric Piano |
| 6 |
0 |
Chorused Electric Piano |
| 1 |
Detuned Electric Piano 2 |
| 2 |
Electric Piano 2 Variation |
| 3 |
Electric Piano Legend |
| 4 |
Electric Piano Phase |
| 7 |
0 |
Harpsichord |
| 1 |
Coupled Harpsichord |
| 2 |
Wide Harpsichord |
| 3 |
Open Harpsichord |
| 8 |
0 |
Clavinet |
| 1 |
Pulse Clavinet |
Chromatic Percussion
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 9 |
0 |
Celesta |
| 10 |
0 |
Glockenspiel |
| 11 |
0 |
Music Box |
| 12 |
0 |
Vibraphone |
| 1 |
Wide Vibraphone |
| 13 |
0 |
Marimba |
| 1 |
Wide Marimba |
| 14 |
0 |
Xylophone |
| 15 |
0 |
Tubular Bell |
| 1 |
Church Bell |
| 2 |
Carillon |
| 16 |
0 |
Santur |
Organ
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 17 |
0 |
Hammond Organ |
| 1 |
Detuned Organ 1 |
| 2 |
60's Organ 1 |
| 3 |
Organ 4 |
| 18 |
0 |
Percussive Organ |
| 1 |
Detuned Organ 2 |
| 2 |
Organ 5 |
| 19 |
0 |
Rock Organ |
| 20 |
0 |
Church Organ 1 |
| 1 |
Church Organ 2 |
| 2 |
Church Organ 3 |
| 21 |
0 |
Reed Organ |
| 1 |
Puff Organ |
| 22 |
0 |
French Accordion |
| 1 |
Italian Accordion |
| 23 |
0 |
Harmonica |
| 24 |
0 |
Bandoneon |
Guitar
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 25 |
0 |
Nylon-String Guitar |
| 1 |
Ukulele |
| 2 |
Open Nylon Guitar |
| 3 |
Nylon Guitar 2 |
| 26 |
0 |
Steel-String Guitar |
| 1 |
12-String Guitar |
| 2 |
Mandolin |
| 3 |
Steel + Body |
| 27 |
0 |
Jazz Guitar |
| 1 |
Hawaiian Guitar |
| 28 |
0 |
Clean Electric Guitar |
| 1 |
Chorus Guitar |
| 2 |
Mid Tone Guitar |
| 29 |
0 |
Muted Electric Guitar |
| 1 |
Funk Guitar |
| 2 |
Funk Guitar 2 |
| 3 |
Jazz Man |
| 30 |
0 |
Overdriven Guitar |
| 1 |
Guitar Pinch |
| 31 |
0 |
Distortion Guitar |
| 1 |
Feedback Guitar |
| 2 |
Distortion Rtm Guitar |
| 32 |
0 |
Guitar Harmonics |
| 1 |
Guitar Feedback |
Bass
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 33 |
0 |
Acoustic Bass |
| 34 |
0 |
Fingered Bass |
| 1 |
Finger Slap |
| 35 |
0 |
Picked Bass |
| 36 |
0 |
Fretless Bass |
| 37 |
0 |
Slap Bass 1 |
| 38 |
0 |
Slap Bass 2 |
| 39 |
0 |
Synth Bass 1 |
| 1 |
Synth Bass 101 |
| 2 |
Acid Bass |
| 3 |
Clavi Bass |
| 4 |
Hammer |
| 5 |
Natural Synth Bass |
| 40 |
0 |
Synth Bass 2 |
| 1 |
Beef FM Bass |
| 2 |
Rubber Bass |
| 3 |
Attack Pulse |
Orchestra Solo
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 41 |
0 |
Violin |
| 1 |
Slow Violin |
| 42 |
0 |
Viola |
| 43 |
0 |
Cello |
| 44 |
0 |
Contrabass |
| 45 |
0 |
Tremolo Strings |
| 46 |
0 |
Pizzicato Strings |
| 47 |
0 |
Harp |
| 1 |
Yang Qin |
| 48 |
0 |
Timpani |
Orchestra Ensemble
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 49 |
0 |
String Ensemble |
| 1 |
Orchestra String Ensemble |
| 2 |
60's String Ensemble |
| 50 |
0 |
Slow String Ensemble |
| 51 |
0 |
Synth Strings 1 |
| 1 |
Synth Strings 3 |
| 52 |
0 |
Synth Strings 2 |
| 1 |
Wide Synth Strings |
| 53 |
0 |
Choir Aahs |
| 1 |
Wide Choir Aah |
| 54 |
0 |
Voice Oohs |
| 1 |
Humming |
| 55 |
0 |
Synth Voice |
| 1 |
Analog Voice |
| 56 |
0 |
Orchestra Hit |
| 1 |
Bass Hit |
| 2 |
6th Hit |
| 3 |
Euro Hit |
Brass
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 57 |
0 |
Trumpet |
| 1 |
Dark Trumpet |
| 58 |
0 |
Trombone |
| 1 |
Trombone 2 |
| 2 |
Bright Trombone |
| 59 |
0 |
Tuba |
| 60 |
0 |
Muted Trumpet |
| 1 |
Muted Trumpet 2 |
| 61 |
0 |
French Horns |
| 1 |
French Horn 2 |
| 62 |
0 |
Brass Section 1 |
| 1 |
Brass Section 2 |
| 63 |
0 |
Synth Brass 1 |
| 1 |
Synth Brass 3 |
| 2 |
Analog Brass 1 |
| 3 |
Jump Brass |
| 64 |
0 |
Synth Brass 2 |
| 1 |
Synth Brass 4 |
| 2 |
Analog Brass 2 |
Reed
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 65 |
0 |
Soprano Sax |
| 1 |
Soft Soprano Sax |
| 66 |
0 |
Alto Sax |
| 1 |
Breathy Alto Sax |
| 2 |
Soft Alto Sax |
| 67 |
0 |
Tenor Sax |
| 1 |
Tenor Sax Sfz |
| 2 |
Breathy Tenor Sax |
| 3 |
Oct. Tenor Sax |
| 4 |
Death Ray Tenor Sax |
| 5 |
Metal Tenor Sax |
| 6 |
Soft Tenor Sax |
| 68 |
0 |
Baritone Sax |
| 1 |
Baritone Sax Sfz |
| 2 |
Metal Baritone Sax |
| 3 |
Death Ray Baritone Sax |
| 4 |
Soft Baritone Sax |
| 69 |
0 |
Oboe |
| 1 |
Oboe Sfz |
| 70 |
0 |
English Horn |
| 71 |
0 |
Bassoon |
| 72 |
0 |
Clarinet |
Wind
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 73 |
0 |
Piccolo |
| 74 |
0 |
Flute |
| 1 |
Wooden Flute |
| 75 |
0 |
Recorder |
| 76 |
0 |
Pan Flute |
| 77 |
0 |
Bottle Blow |
| 78 |
0 |
Shakuhachi |
| 1 |
Natural Shakuhachi |
| 79 |
0 |
Whistle |
| 80 |
0 |
Ocarina |
Synth Lead
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 81 |
0 |
Square Lead |
| 1 |
Square Wave |
| 2 |
Sine Wave |
| 82 |
0 |
Saw Lead |
| 1 |
Saw Wave |
| 2 |
Doctor Solo |
| 3 |
Natural Lead |
| 4 |
Sequenced Saw |
| 83 |
0 |
Synth Calliope |
| 84 |
0 |
Chiffer Lead |
| 85 |
0 |
Charang |
| 1 |
Wire Lead |
| 86 |
0 |
Solo Synth Vox |
| 87 |
0 |
5th Saw Wave |
| 88 |
0 |
Bass & Lead |
| 1 |
Delayed Lead |
Synth Pad
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 89 |
0 |
Fantasia Pad |
| 90 |
0 |
Warm Pad |
| 1 |
Sine Pad |
| 91 |
0 |
Polysynth Pad |
| 92 |
0 |
Space Voice Pad |
| 1 |
Itopia |
| 93 |
0 |
Bowed Glass Pad |
| 94 |
0 |
Metal Pad |
| 95 |
0 |
Halo Pad |
| 96 |
0 |
Sweep Pad |
Synth Sound FX
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 97 |
0 |
Ice Rain |
| 98 |
0 |
Soundtrack |
| 99 |
0 |
Crystal |
| 1 |
Synth Mallet |
| 100 |
0 |
Atmosphere |
| 101 |
0 |
Brightness |
| 102 |
0 |
Goblin |
| 103 |
0 |
Echo Drops |
| 1 |
Echo Bell |
| 2 |
Echo Pan |
| 104 |
0 |
Star Theme |
Ethnic
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 105 |
0 |
Sitar |
| 1 |
Sitar 2 |
| 106 |
0 |
Banjo |
| 107 |
0 |
Shamisen |
| 108 |
0 |
Koto |
| 1 |
Taisho Koto |
| 109 |
0 |
Kalimba |
| 110 |
0 |
Bagpipe |
| 1 |
Biniou Koz |
| 111 |
0 |
Fiddle |
| 112 |
0 |
Shanai |
Percussive
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 113 |
0 |
Tinkle Bell |
| 114 |
0 |
Agogo |
| 115 |
0 |
Steel Drums |
| 116 |
0 |
Woodblock |
| 1 |
Castanets |
| 117 |
0 |
Taiko |
| 1 |
Natural Taiko |
| 2 |
Concert Bass Drum |
| 3 |
Natural Concert Bass Drum |
| 118 |
0 |
Melodic Tom 1 |
| 1 |
Melodic Tom 2 |
| 119 |
0 |
Synth Drum |
| 1 |
TR-808 Tom |
| 2 |
Electric Percussion |
| 3 |
Analog Drum |
| 120 |
0 |
Reverse Cymbal |
Sound Effect
| Patch Number |
Bank Number |
Instrument Name |
| 121 |
0 |
Guitar Fret Noise |
| 1 |
Guitar Cut Noise Up |
| 2 |
Guitar Cut Noise Down |
| 3 |
String Slap |
| 122 |
0 |
Breath Noise |
| 1 |
Flute Key Click |
| 123 |
0 |
Seashore |
| 1 |
Rain |
| 2 |
Thunder |
| 3 |
Wind |
| 4 |
Stream |
| 5 |
Bubble |
| 124 |
0 |
Bird |
| 1 |
Dog |
| 2 |
Horse Galloping |
| 125 |
0 |
Telephone 1 |
| 1 |
Telephone 2 |
| 2 |
Door Creaking |
| 3 |
Door Closing |
| 4 |
Scratch |
| 5 |
Wind Chimes |
| 126 |
0 |
Helicopter |
| 1 |
Car Engine |
| 2 |
Car Screeching |
| 3 |
Car Passing |
| 4 |
Car Crashing |
| 5 |
Siren |
| 6 |
Train |
| 7 |
Jetplane |
| 8 |
Starship |
| 9 |
Burst Noise |
| 127 |
0 |
Applause |
| 1 |
Laughing |
| 2 |
Screaming |
| 3 |
Punch |
| 4 |
Heart Beat |
| 5 |
Footsteps |
| 6 |
Footsteps 2 |
| 128 |
0 |
Gun Shot |
| 1 |
Machine Gun |
| 2 |
Lasergun |
| 3 |
Explosion |
Drum sounds
These are the same patch numbers as defined in GS. Drum bank is accessed by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 120 (However, Yamaha devices in XG mode, such as PSR-E423, use bank MSB 127[1]) and cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to 0 and PC (Program Change) to select drum kit.
| 1 | Standard Kit | the only kit specified by General MIDI Level 1 |
| 9 | Room Kit | more ambient percussive sounds |
| 17 | Power Kit | more powerful kick and snare sounds |
| 25 | Electronic Kit | emulations of various electronic drum machines |
| 26 | TR-808 Kit | analog drum kit similar to Roland TR-808 |
| 33 | Jazz Kit | nearly identical to the Standard kit |
| 41 | Brush Kit | many brush sounds added |
| 49 | Orchestra Kit | a collection of concert drums and timpani |
| 57 | Sound FX Kit | a collection of sound effects |
| 128 | CM-64/CM-32L Kit | the standard MT-32 Drum Kit is the collection of sound effects |
|
Additional percussion notes
These are the same GS drum notes and span Drum Kits 1 to 49:
- 27 High Q
- 28 Slap
- 29 Scratch Push
- 30 Scratch Pull
- 31 Sticks
- 32 Square Click
- 33 Metronome Click
- 34 Metronome Bell
|
|
- 82 Shaker
- 83 Jingle Bell
- 84 Belltree
- 85 Castanets
- 86 Mute Surdo
- 87 Open Surdo
|
Supported Control Change messages
(Some messages are optional)
- Bank Select (cc#0/32)
- Modulation Depth (cc#1)
- Portamento Time (cc#5)
- Channel Volume (cc#7)
- Pan (cc#10)
- Expression (cc#11)
- Hold1 (Damper) (cc#64)
- Portamento ON/OFF (cc#65)
- Sostenuto (cc#66)
- Soft (cc#67)
- Filter Resonance (Timbre/Harmonic Intensity) (cc#71)
- Release Time (cc#72)
- Attack Time (cc#73)
- Brightness (cc#74)
- Decay Time (cc#75) (new message)
- Vibrato Rate (cc#76) (new message)
- Vibrato Depth (cc#77) (new message)
- Vibrato Delay (cc#78) (new message)
- Reverb Send Level (cc#91)
- Chorus Send Level (cc#93)
- Data Entry (cc#6/38)
- RPN LSB/MSB (cc#100/101)
Supported Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs)
- Pitch Bend Sensitivity
- Channel Fine Tune
- Channel Coarse Tune
- Modulation Depth Range (Vibrato Depth Range)
- RPN NULL
Supported Universal System Exclusive (SysEx) messages
- Master Volume
- Master Fine Tuning
- Master Coarse Tuning
- Reverb Type
- Reverb Time
- Chorus Type
- Chorus Mod Rate
- Chorus Mod Depth
- Chorus Feedback
- Chorus Send to Reverb
- Controller Destination Setting
- Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust
- Key-Based Instrument Controllers
- GM2 System On
See also
References
External links