Gene gating

Gene gating is a phenomenon by which transcriptionally active genes are brought next to nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) so that nascent transcripts can quickly form mature mRNA associated with export factors.[1][2] Gene gating was first hypothesised by Günter Blobel in 1985.[3] It has been showed to occur in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster as well as mammalian model systems.[1]

Mechanism

Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is a chromatin remodelling complex responsible for activating the transcription of certain inducible genes. The SAGA complex binds to gene promoters and also interacts with the transcription–export complex 2 (TREX2 complex). In turn, the TREX2 complex interacts with the NPC, thus favouring the relocation of actively transcribed genes to the periphery of the cell nucleus.[2][4] In contrast, the rest of the periphery, i.e. those parts not associated with NPCs, is transcriptionally silent heterochromatin.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Burns, LT; Wente, SR (June 2014). "From hypothesis to mechanism: uncovering nuclear pore complex links to gene expression.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 34 (12): 2114–20. doi:10.1128/MCB.01730-13. PMID 24615017.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Strambio-De-Castillia, C; Niepel, M; Rout, MP (July 2010). "The nuclear pore complex: bridging nuclear transport and gene regulation.". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 11 (7): 490–501. doi:10.1038/nrm2928. PMID 20571586.
  3. ↑ Blobel, G (1985). "Gene gating: a hypothesis". Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82 (24): 8527–29. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.24.8527. PMID 3866238.
  4. ↑ Umlauf, D; Bonnet, J; Waharte, F; Fournier, M; Stierle, M; Fischer, B; Brino, L; Devys, D; Tora, L (15 June 2013). "The human TREX-2 complex is stably associated with the nuclear pore basket.". J. Cell Sci. 126 (12): 2656–67. doi:10.1242/jcs.118000. PMID 23591820.