Gatha

This article is about the Sanskrit and Prakrit verses. For the sacred hymns of Zarathushtra, see Gathas.

Gātha is a Sanskrit term for "song" or "verse", especially referring to any poetic metre which is used in legends, and is not part of the Vedas but peculiar to either Epic Sanskrit or to Prakrit.[1] The word is originally derived from the Sanskrit/Prakrit root gai, which means, to speak, sing, recite or extol, cognate to the Avestan term gatha.[2]

The stanzas of the Prakrit dialects of Ardhamagadhi, Sauraseni and Pāli are known as gathas as opposed to shlokas and Sutras of Sanskrit and Dohas of Apabhramsha. Most of the Jain and Buddhist texts written in Prakrit are composed of gathas (or verses/stanzas).

Thus, gatha can mean any Prakrit and Pali verses in general,[3] or specifically the arya meter of Sanskrit, versified portions of Pali canon (Tipitaka) of Theravada Buddhism are also called specifically as gathas.

In contemporary Buddhist practice derived from Zen and Therevadan traditions, particularly as popularized by Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh, a gatha is a verse said in rhythm with the breath as part of mindfulness practice, either in daily life,[4] or as part of meditation or meditative study.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Sujit Mukherjee (1998), A Dictionary of Indian Literature Hyderabad: Orient Longman ISBN – 81-250-1453-5 page 110
  2. ↑ Amaresh Datta (1988) Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2 Chennai: Sahitya Academy ISBN 81-260-1194-7 p. 1373
  3. ↑ Amaresh Datta (1988) Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2 Chennai: Sahitya Academy ISBN 81-260-1194-7 p. 1374
  4. ↑ Stepping Into Freedom, by Thich Nhat Hanh (Parallax Press, Berkeley, CA, USA, 1997) ISBN 1-888375-02-7; and Mindfulness Gathas (http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Buddhism/2004/02/Gathas-For-Mindfulness.aspx)
  5. ↑ The Blooming of a Lotus: Guided Meditation Exercises for Healing and Transformation, by Thich Nhat Hanh, (Beacon Press, Boston, MA USA 1993) ISBN 0-8070-1222-X

See also