Galanin receptor 3

Identifiers

External IDs

OMIM: 603692 MGI: 1329003 HomoloGene: 20798 IUPHAR: 245 ChEMBL: 2731 GeneCards: GALR3 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• galanin receptor activity • peptide hormone binding
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • integral component of membrane
Biological process	• adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity • neuropeptide signaling pathway • synaptic transmission • learning or memory • feeding behavior • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 22:
38.22 – 38.22 Mb

Chr 15:
79.03 – 79.04 Mb

PubMed search

Galanin receptor 3 (GAL₃) is a G-protein coupled receptor encoded by the GALR3 gene.^[1]

The neuropeptide galanin modulates a variety of physiologic processes including cognition/memory, sensory/pain processing, hormone secretion, and feeding behavior. The human galanin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that functionally couple to their intracellular effector through distinct signaling pathways. GALR3 is found in many tissues and may be expressed as 1.4-, 2.4-, and 5-kb transcripts^[1]

References

↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: GALR3 galanin receptor 3".

External links

"Galanin Receptors: GAL₃". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.

Smith KE, Walker MW, Artymyshyn R et al. (1998). "Cloned human and rat galanin GALR3 receptors. Pharmacology and activation of G-protein inwardly rectifying K+ channels". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (36): 23321–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.36.23321. PMID 9722565.
Kolakowski LF, O'Neill GP, Howard AD et al. (1998). "Molecular characterization and expression of cloned human galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3". J. Neurochem. 71 (6): 2239–51. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71062239.x. PMID 9832121.
Iismaa TP, Fathi Z, Hort YJ et al. (1999). "Structural organization and chromosomal localization of three human galanin receptor genes". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 863: 56–63. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10683.x. PMID 9928159.
Lapsys NM, Furler SM, Henderson NK et al. (1999). "A polymorphism in the human GALR3 galanin receptor gene (GALNR3)". Mol. Cell. Probes 13 (4): 325–7. doi:10.1006/mcpr.1999.0254. PMID 10441207.
Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA et al. (1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature 402 (6761): 489–95. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.
Berger A, Tuechler C, Almer D et al. (2002). "Elevated expression of galanin receptors in childhood neuroblastic tumors". Neuroendocrinology 75 (2): 130–8. doi:10.1159/000048229. PMID 11867941.
Belfer I, Hipp H, Bollettino A et al. (2007). "Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes". Genes, Brain and Behavior 6 (5): 473–81. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00275.x. PMID 17083333.
Runesson J, Sollenberg UE, Jurkowski W et al. (2010). "Determining receptor–ligand interaction of human galanin receptor type 3". Neurochem. Int. 57 (7): 804–811. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.08.018. PMID 20817064.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

Index of signal transduction

Description	Intercellular neuropeptides growth factors cytokines hormones Cell surface receptors ligand-gated enzyme-linked G protein-coupled immunoglobulin superfamily integrins neuropeptide growth factor cytokine Intracellular adaptor proteins GTP-binding MAP kinase Calcium signaling Lipid signaling Pathways hedgehog Wnt TGF beta MAPK ERK notch JAK-STAT apoptosis hippo TLR

Neuropeptidergics

CGRP

Agonists: Amylin
CGRP
Pramlintide

Antagonists: BI 44370 TA
BMS-927711
CGRP (8-37)
MK-3207
Olcegepant
SB-268262
Telcagepant
Ubrogepant

Cholecystokinin

CCK_A	Agonists: Cholecystokinin CCK-4 Antagonists: Amiglumide Asperlicin Devazepide Dexloxiglumide Lintitript Lorglumide Loxiglumide Pranazepide Proglumide Tarazepide Tomoglumide

CCK_B	Agonists: Cholecystokinin CCK-4 Gastrin Antagonists: CI-988 (PD-134,308) Itriglumide L-365,360 Netazepide Proglumide Spiroglumide

CRH

CRF₁	Agonists: Cortagine Corticorelin Corticotropin releasing hormone Sauvagine Stressin I Urocortin Antagonists: Antalarmin Astressin-B CP-154,526 Emicerfont Hypericin LWH-234 NBI-27914 Pexacerfont R-121,919 TS-041 Verucerfont

CRF₂	Agonists: Corticorelin Corticotropin releasing hormone Sauvagine Urocortin Antagonists: Astressin-B

Galanin

GAL₁	Agonists: Galanin Galanin (1-15) Galanin-like peptide Galmic Galnon Antagonists: C7 Dithiepine-1,1,4,4-tetroxide Galantide (M15) M32 M35 M40 SCH-202596

GAL₂	Agonists: Galanin Galanin (1-15) Galanin (2-11) Galanin-like peptide Galmic Galnon J18 Antagonists: C7 Galantide (M15) M32 M35 M40 M871

GAL₃	Agonists: Galanin Galanin (1-15) Galmic Galnon Antagonists: C7 Galantide (M15) GalR3ant HT-2157 M32 M35 M40 SNAP-37889 SNAP-398299

MCH

MCH₁	Agonists: Melanin concentrating hormone Antagonists: ATC-0175 GW-803,430 NGD-4715 SNAP-7941 SNAP-94847

MCH₂	Agonists: Melanin concentrating hormone

Melanocortin

MC₁	Agonists: α-MSH Afamelanotide BMS-470,539 Bremelanotide Melanotan II Antagonists: Agouti signalling peptide

MC₂	Agonists: ACTH Cosyntropin Tetracosactide

MC₃	Agonists: α-MSH Bremelanotide Melanotan II

MC₄	Agonists: α-MSH Bremelanotide Melanotan II PF-00446687 THIQ Antagonists: Agouti-related peptide Unknown: Semax

MC₅	Agonists: α-MSH Melanotan II Unknown: Semax

Unsorted	Agonists: Alsactide Codactide Giractide Norleusactide Seractide Tosactide Tricosactide Tridecactide

Neuropeptide S

Agonists: Neuropeptide S
Antagonists: SHA-68

Neuropeptide Y

Y₁	Agonists: Neuropeptide Y Peptide YY Antagonists: BIBP-3226

Y₂	Agonists: Neuropeptide Y Peptide YY Antagonists: BIIE-0246

Y₄	Agonists: Neuropeptide Y Pancreatic polypeptide Peptide YY Antagonists: UR-AK49

Y₅	Agonists: Neuropeptide Y Peptide YY Antagonists: Lu AA-33810

Neurotensin

NTS₁	Agonists: Neurotensin Neuromedin N Antagonists: Meclinertant SR-142,948

NTS₂	Agonists: Neurotensin Antagonists: Levocabastine SR-142,948

Opioid

See here instead.

Orexin

OX₁	Agonists: Orexin-A Orexin-B Antagonists: ACT-335827 Almorexant Filorexant SB-334,867 SB-408,124 SB-649,868 Suvorexant

OX₂	Agonists: Orexin-A Orexin-B SB-668,875 Antagonists: ACT-335827 Almorexant EMPA Filorexant JNJ-10397049 MK-1064 SB-649,868 Suvorexant TCS-OX2-29

Oxytocin

Agonists: Aspartocin
Carbetocin
Cargutocin
Demoxytocin
Nacartocin
Oxytocin
TC OT 39
TGOT
Vasotocin (argiprestocin)
WAY-267,464
Antagonists: Atosiban
Barusiban
Epelsiban
L-368,899
L-371,257
L-372,662
OBE001
Retosiban
SSR-126,768
Tocinoic acid
WAY-162,720

Tachykinin

NK₁	Agonists: Substance P Antagonists: Aprepitant Befetupitant Burapitant Casopitant CI-1021 CP-96,345 CP-99,994 CP-122,721 Dapitant Ezlopitant Figopitant FK-888 Fosaprepitant GR-203,040 GW-597,599 HSP-117 L-733,060 L-741,671 L-743,310 L-758,298 Lanepitant LY-306,740 Maropitant Netupitant NKP-608 Nolpitantium besilate Orvepitant Rolapitant RP-67,580 SDZ NKT 343 Serlopitant Telmapitant Vestipitant Vofopitant

NK₂	Agonists: Neurokinin A Antagonists: GR-159,897 Ibodutant Nepadutant Saredutant

NK₃	Agonists: Neurokinin B Antagonists: Osanetant Talnetant

Vasopressin

V_1A	Agonists: Felypressin Lypressin Ornipressin Selepressin Terlipressin Vasopressin (argipressin) Vasotocin (argiprestocin) Antagonists: Atosiban Conivaptan Demeclocycline PF-184563 Relcovaptan RG7314 SRX246 TC OT 39 WAY-267,464

V_1B	Agonists: Desmopressin Felypressin Lypressin Ornipressin Terlipressin Vasopressin (argipressin) Vasotocin (argiprestocin) Antagonists: ABT-436 Demeclocycline Nelivaptan

V₂	Agonists: Desmopressin Felypressin Lypressin Ornipressin TC OT 39 Terlipressin Vasopressin (argipressin) Vasotocin (argiprestocin) Antagonists: Conivaptan Demeclocycline Lixivaptan Mozavaptan Satavaptan Tolvaptan

See also: Peptidergics

Galanin receptor 3

See also

References

External links

Further reading