GPX2 (gene)
Glutathione peroxidase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX2 gene.[1][2][3]
This gene is a member of the glutathione peroxidase family encoding a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase that is one of two isoenzymes responsible for the majority of the glutathione-dependent hydrogen peroxide-reducing activity in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Studies in knockout mice indicate that mRNA expression levels respond to luminal microflora, suggesting a role of the ileal glutathione peroxidases in preventing inflammation in the GI tract.[3]
The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 2 (Gpx2) is one out of eight known glutathione peroxidases (Gpx1-8) in humans. Mammalian Gpx1, GPx2 (this protein), Gpx3, and Gpx4 have been shown to be selenium-containing enzymes, whereas Gpx6 is a selenoprotein in humans with cysteine-containing homologues in rodents. In selenoproteins, the 21st amino acid selenocysteine is inserted in the nascent polypeptide chain during the process of translational recoding of the UGA stop codon.
References
- ↑ Chu FF, Doroshow JH, Esworthy RS (Mar 1993). "Expression, characterization, and tissue distribution of a new cellular selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, GSHPx-GI". J Biol Chem 268 (4): 2571–6. PMID 8428933.
- ↑ Chu FF (Feb 1994). "The human glutathione peroxidase genes GPX2, GPX3, and GPX4 map to chromosomes 14, 5, and 19, respectively". Cytogenet Cell Genet 66 (2): 96–8. doi:10.1159/000133675. PMID 8287691.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: GPX2 glutathione peroxidase 2 (gastrointestinal)".
Further reading
- Akasaka M, Mizoguchi J, Takahashi K (1990). "A human cDNA sequence of a novel glutathione peroxidase-related protein.". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (15): 4619. doi:10.1093/nar/18.15.4619. PMC 331311. PMID 2388849.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Chu FF, Rohan de Silva HA, Esworthy RS et al. (1997). "Polymorphism and chromosomal localization of the GI-form of human glutathione peroxidase (GPX2) on 14q24.1 by in situ hybridization.". Genomics 32 (2): 272–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0115. PMID 8833155.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Opalenik SR, Ding Q, Mallery SR, Thompson JA (1998). "Glutathione depletion associated with the HIV-1 TAT protein mediates the extracellular appearance of acidic fibroblast growth factor.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 351 (1): 17–26. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0566. PMID 9501919.
- Choi J, Liu RM, Kundu RK et al. (2000). "Molecular mechanism of decreased glutathione content in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-transgenic mice.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (5): 3693–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.5.3693. PMID 10652368.
- Kelner MJ, Bagnell RD, Montoya MA, Lanham KA (2000). "Structural organization of the human gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase (GPX2) promoter and 3'-nontranscribed region: transcriptional response to exogenous redox agents.". Gene 248 (1-2): 109–16. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00137-2. PMID 10806356.
- Richard MJ, Guiraud P, Didier C et al. (2001). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein impairs selenoglutathione peroxidase expression and activity by a mechanism independent of cellular selenium uptake: consequences on cellular resistance to UV-A radiation.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 386 (2): 213–20. doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.2197. PMID 11368344.
- Komatsu H, Okayasu I, Mitomi H et al. (2001). "Immunohistochemical detection of human gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase in normal tissues and cultured cells with novel mouse monoclonal antibodies.". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 49 (6): 759–66. doi:10.1177/002215540104900609. PMID 11373322.
- Florian S, Wingler K, Schmehl K et al. (2002). "Cellular and subcellular localization of gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase in normal and malignant human intestinal tissue.". Free Radic. Res. 35 (6): 655–63. doi:10.1080/10715760100301181. PMID 11811519.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Müller C, Wingler K, Brigelius-Flohé R (2003). "3'UTRs of glutathione peroxidases differentially affect selenium-dependent mRNA stability and selenocysteine incorporation efficiency.". Biol. Chem. 384 (1): 11–8. doi:10.1515/BC.2003.002. PMID 12674495.
- Esworthy RS, Binder SW, Doroshow JH, Chu FF (2003). "Microflora trigger colitis in mice deficient in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase and induce Gpx2 gene expression.". Biol. Chem. 384 (4): 597–607. doi:10.1515/BC.2003.067. PMID 12751789.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Price TO, Ercal N, Nakaoke R, Banks WA (2005). "HIV-1 viral proteins gp120 and Tat induce oxidative stress in brain endothelial cells.". Brain Res. 1045 (1-2): 57–63. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.03.031. PMID 15910762.
- Banning A, Deubel S, Kluth D et al. (2005). "The GI-GPx gene is a target for Nrf2.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (12): 4914–23. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.12.4914-4923.2005. PMC 1140597. PMID 15923610.
- Yan W, Chen X (2006). "GPX2, a direct target of p63, inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner.". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (12): 7856–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M512655200. PMID 16446369.
- Singh A, Rangasamy T, Thimmulappa RK et al. (2007). "Glutathione peroxidase 2, the major cigarette smoke-inducible isoform of GPX in lungs, is regulated by Nrf2.". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 35 (6): 639–50. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2005-0325OC. PMC 2643293. PMID 16794261.
PDB gallery |
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| | 2he3: Crystal structure of the selenocysteine to cysteine mutant of human glutathionine peroxidase 2 (GPX2) |
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