GD 61

GD 61
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
Constellation Perseus
Right ascension 04h 38m 39.39s[1]
Declination +41° 09′ 32.5″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 14.8[2]
Spectral typeDBZ[1]
Other designations
2MASS J04383938+4109325, EGGR 315, WD 0435+41, Lan 542
Artist's depiction of a watery asteroid in the GD 61 system (NASA)

GD 61 is a white dwarf with a planetary system located 150 light-years from Earth in the constellation Perseus.[3] It is thought to have been a main-sequence star of spectral type A0V with around three times the mass of the Sun that has aged and passed through a red-giant phase, leaving a dense, hot remnant that has around 70% of the Sun's mass and a surface temperature of 17280 K. It is thought to be around 600 million years old, including both its life as a main-sequence star and as a white dwarf.[4] It has an apparent magnitude of 14.8.[2] GD 61 was first noted as a potential degenerate star in 1965, in a survey of white-dwarf suspects by astronomers from the Lowell Observatory in Arizona.[5]

In 2013, a circumstellar disk that resulted from the destruction of a water-rich asteroid was detected in close orbit around GD 61, which makes this the first detection of solid or liquid water on an extrasolar body. This asteroid would originally have been 26% water by mass, close to the water content of Ceres.[6] This evidence suggests that a planet, with a rocky surface similar to Earth's, may have existed in the past, with the asteroid thus being an artifact from this period, now possibly part of a debris field from the hypothetical planet's breakup. Such a planet would have had both a rocky surface and water, two key ingredients for life.[7][8] The researchers used the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope to determine the elemental composition. The elements magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen were detected, all components of rocky planets, although the levels of oxygen were much higher than what could be accounted for. The lack of associated carbon left only one candidate for the oxygen excess—water.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "GD 61 -- White Dwarf". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 S. Xu (许偲艺) and M. Jura (2012). "Spitzer Observations of White Dwarfs: The Missing Planetary Debris around DZ Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 745 (1): 88–102. arXiv:1109.4207. Bibcode:2012ApJ...745...88X. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/88.
  3. ↑ Rosen, Meghan (13 October 2013). "Water seen in rubble around star". ScienceNews. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  4. ↑ Farihi, J.; Brinkworth, C. S.; Gänsicke, B. T.; Marsh, T. R.; Girven, J.; Hoard, D. W.; Klein, B.; Koester, D. "Possible Signs of Water and Differentiation in a Rocky Exoplanetary Body". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 728 (1): L8–L13. arXiv:1101.0158. Bibcode:2011ApJ...728L...8F. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/728/1/L8.
  5. ↑ Giclas, Henry L.; Burnham, Robert; Thomas, Norman Gene (1965). "A list of white dwarf suspects I : special objects of small proper motion from the Lowell survey" (PDF). Bulletin / Lowell Observatory 6 (6): 155–64. Bibcode:1965LowOB...6..155G.
  6. ↑ Evidence for water in the rocky debris of a disrupted extrasolar minor planet
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Watery asteroid discovered in dying star points to habitable exoplanets". Phys.org. 10 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  8. ↑ Mack, Eric (17 October 2011). "Newly spotted wet asteroids point to far-flung Earth-like planets | Crave - CNET". News.cnet.com. Retrieved 12 October 2013.