Fujiwara no Umakai
| Fujiwara no Umakai | |
|---|---|
 Fujiwara no Umakai drawn by Kikuchi Yōsai | |
| Born | 694 |
| Died | 737 |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Parents | Fujiwara no Fuhito (father) |
In this Japanese name, the family name is "Fujiwara".
Fujiwara no Umakai (藤原 宇合, 694 – September 7, 737) was a Japanese statesman, courtier, general and politician during the Nara period.[1] The third son of Fujiwara no Fuhito, he founded the Shikike ("Ceremonials") branch of the Fujiwara clan.
Career
He was a diplomat during the reign of Empress Genshō;[2] and he was minister during the reign of Emperor Shōmu. In the Imperial court, Umakai was the chief of protocol (Shikibu-kyō).[3]
- 716 (Reiki 2): Along with Tajihi no Agatamori (多治比縣守), Abe no Yasumaro (阿倍安麻呂) and Ōtomo no Yamamori (大伴山守), Umakai was named to be part of a Japanese diplomatic mission to Tang China in 717-718.[2] Kibi no Makibi and the Buddhist monk Genbō were also part of the entourage.[4]
- 724 (Jinki 1, 1st month): Umakai led an army against the emishi;[5] but this military campaign was later judged to have been unsuccessful.[6]
- 729 (Tenpyō 1): The emperor invested Umakai with the power to raise an army to quash a revolt, but the cause for alarm was dissipated without the need for military action.[7]
- 737 (Tenpyō 9): Umakai died at age 44.[8] A smallpox epidemic caused the deaths of Umakai and his three brothers.[9]
Genealogy
This member of the Fujiwara clan was son of Fujiwara no Fuhito.[1] Umakai had three brothers: Muchimaro, Fusasaki, and Maro. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.[10]
Umakai's children included: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu[11] and Fujiwara no Momokawa[12]
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 211, p. 211, at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 65, p. 65, at Google Books; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-Hepburn romanization
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at p. 856, p. 856, at Google Books
- ↑ Fogel, Joshua. (1996). The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, p. 22, p. 22, at Google Books; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."
- ↑ Brinkley, p. 223., p. 223, at Google Books
- ↑ Brinkley, p. 220., p. 220, at Google Books
- ↑ Titsingh,p. 68, p. 68, at Google Books
- ↑ Titsingh,p. 69, p. 69, at Google Books
- ↑ Brinkley, p. 190., p. 190, at Google Books
- ↑ Brinkley, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at p. 202, p. 202, at Google Books
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at p. 206, p. 206, at Google Books
References
- Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
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