Frenchman's Tower

Frenchman's Tower

Cylindrical red brick building

Frenchman's Tower on Old Page Mill Road
A California map
Frenchman's Tower in Palo Alto California
General information
Status Complete
Type Water tower
Architectural style Gothic Revival
Location San Francisco peninsula
Address 2065 Old Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California
Town or city Palo Alto
Country United States
Coordinates 37°23′46″N 122°09′43″W / 37.396132°N 122.161895°WCoordinates: 37°23′46″N 122°09′43″W / 37.396132°N 122.161895°W
Elevation 200 ft (61 m)
Completed 1875
Owner Stanford University
Height 32 ft (9.8 m)
Dimensions
Diameter 15 ft (4.6 m)
Technical details
Structural system Brick Masonry
Floor count 2
Design and construction
Architect Paulin Caperon (aka Peter Coutts)
Designations California Point of Historical Interest

Frenchman's Tower is a two-story red brick structure located in Santa Clara County, California, that resembles a medieval fortification. Built in 1875, the structure was listed as a California Point of Historical Interest in 1969.[1][2][3]

The structure was built under the direction of land owner Paulin Caperon, a native of France who had assumed the name Peter Coutts when he moved to Mayfield, California, in 1875. Coutts returned to France in 1882 without letting his California neighbors know what happened to him and ordered a bank to liquidate his Mayfield property.

Since then trespassers have carved names or initials into almost every brick of the tower within their reach.[4] Some dates go back over 100 years.[5] In 1970, the landowner bricked in the windows to protect the structure from vandals.[5] Frenchman's Tower stands on Old Page Mill Road, midway between Foothill Boulevard and Interstate 280, in Santa Clara County, California, within a strip of land within the borders of Palo Alto on land now owned by Stanford University.[6]

Architecture

Gothic windows and simulated Battlements on Frenchman's Tower
Frenchman's Tower built in 1875
Chindia Tower built between the 15th and 19th century

Frenchman's Tower was built in 1875 and has miniature crenels along the top and Gothic windows, giving it a style similar to Medieval fortifications built hundreds of years earlier, not unlike Chindia Tower built between the 15th and 19th century. In the Middle Ages, crenels were used to shield archers defending the structure.

The second floor held a water tank, while the first floor was used as a library. The original owner, Paulin Caperon, spent many hours in his library reading and studying. The building never had any doors, requiring entry through a window.

The tower, situated near Matadero Creek, was originally connected to one of a system of six underground tunnels used to provide subterranean water to his farm and on property lake. Workers had to remove tons of earth before reaching a sufficient underground water source.[6] Bricks for the tower were made by Albert Bowman and Company from a clay deposit discovered in Mountain View in the same year that the tower was constructed.[7]


Public interest and notability

Photo of bronze plaque
Plaque next to Frenchman's Tower
Old black and white photo of brick tower
Frenchman's Tower 1910-1930 photo in San Jose Public Library
Photo of bricked-up Gothic window
Inside Frenchman's Tower

Over the years, many different ideas and stories regarding Paulin Caperon's tower and underground tunnels have been told. Caperon, who also went by the alias Peter Coutts, is said to have "enjoyed mystifying his neighbors" and often helped perpetuate these stories by neither denying nor confirming the fanciful tales. These include the construction of underground tunnels and fortified tower to "withstand a siege by his enemies" and harboring the French Empress, neither of which were true.[3]

Recognition

Popular news media

Popular news media of today sometimes casts the tower as an unsolved mystery.

Historical articles

Public curiosity

Some articles show the writer's curiosity about the tower.

Official concerns

Photo of bricks carved with names
Damage caused by names being carved into bricks on Frenchman's Tower

Paulin Caperon

Jean-Baptiste Paulin Caperon was born of wealthy parents near Bordeaux France in 1822 and died in Bordeaux, France, in September 1889 at the age of sixty-seven.[3]

Paulin Caperon was the son of one of Napoleon's officers. He lost both parents when he was only 26 years old. He "openly criticized Napoleon III policies and opposed the Franco-Prussian War.[11]" He founded a private bank, which he sold in 1873. Because of problems in France, he left France for Brussels, Belgium, and then went to New Orleans using identity papers of his deceased cousin Peter Coutts. He traveled to San Francisco and then to the township of Mayfield.[3] Paulin Caperon continued using the name Peter Coutts when he arrived in Mayfield (present day Palo Alto).

In 1874 he bought 1,162 acres (4.7 km2) of Rancho Rincon de San Francisquito from Jeremiah Clarke. Caperon had a heart ailment, and his wife was an invalid. He felt concerned that he and his wife might both die, and his children might have difficulty[11] inheriting his estate, so he took title to the land in the name of his children's governess Eugene Cloyensen.

Bridge built on Caperon's land. The area is now a park and Stanford faculty housing.

Caperon developed the land into a thriving stock farm and eventually directed the construction of a tower to distribute water. He seemed friendly but would not discuss his past.[6] When local residents discovered that Peter Coutts (Paulin Caperon) had actually purchased the land in the name of his children's governess, the townspeople grew suspicious, made speculations, and spread rumors about the intended purpose of the tower.[6] In 1882, only eight years after his arrival, Paulin Caperon suddenly returned to his native France and sold the land[13] for the sum of $140,000 to Leland Stanford, who founded Stanford University in 1891.[14]

Paulin Caperon eventually reacquired legal title to valuable property he had owned in France. "Using his true identity, Caperon and his family returned to Paris in May 1883,[11]" and he spent the rest of his life in France.[3]

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 OHP Listed Resources, Sacramento California: Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks, November 3, 1969, retrieved 2011-08-26
  2. 2.0 2.1 Supplement to the Stanford University Community Plan, Planning Department, Santa Clara County, pp. 4.5–12, retrieved 2011-08-16
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 DeFord, Mairiam Allen (June 1954). "Palo Alto's "Mysterious Frenchman"" 33 (2). California Historical Society Quarterly. pp. 169–174. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Baeck, William (September 3, 2010), "The mystery of Frenchman's Tower", San Jose Examiner (San Jose), //www.examiner.com/tourism-in-san-jose/the-mystery-of-frenchman-s-tower
  5. 5.0 5.1 Laney, Jocelyn (2006), Weird California, Sterling Publishing Company, p. 36, ISBN 1-4027-3384-4, ISBN 9781402733840, retrieved 2011-08-28
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Cady, Theron G. (1948), The Legend of Frenchmen's Tower, Peninsula Life Magazine: C-T Publishers, San Carlos, California, retrieved 2011-08-15
  7. California Bricks, Fremont, CA 94539: Mines Road Books
  8. Santa Clara County Resources, Planning Department, Santa Clara County, p. 2, retrieved 2011-08-23
  9. Boucher, Jack E. (1975), Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record, habshaer, retrieved 2011-08-07
  10. Bastida, Ken (March 30, 2011), What’s The Story Behind That Tower On Page Mill Road?, Channel 5: CBS news, event occurs at 11:47 PM (PST), retrieved 2011-08-07
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Regnery, Dorothy (1981), Coutts was no eccentric, history study shows, Stanford Historical Society Newsletter: Stanford Historical Society, p. 3, retrieved 2011-08-30
  12. Chan, Eric (May 4, 2006), The Frenchman's Tower 05.04.2006
  13. Joncas, Richard (2006), The Campus Guide, Stanford University, Princeton Architectural Press, ISBN 1-56898-538-X
  14. "History of Stanford". Retrieved 2011-08-07.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frenchman's Tower.