Francisco Ciutat de Miguel

Francisco Ciutat de Miguel (1909 – November 30, 1986) (known as Angelito)^[1] was a Spanish communist^[2] Lieutenant of infantry and Commander. He fought the Battle of Santander during the Spanish Civil War in the summer of 1937 as a Chief of Operations of the Army of the North.^[3]

Outside Spain

After the end of the Civil War, de Miguel fled to the Soviet Union^[2] where he joined the Voroshilov Academy and married Sofía Kokuina.^[4] He later participated as a foreign military advisor to the Cuban Army during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.^[1] He also assisted the Algerian Army against Morocco during the Sand War and participated in the Vietnam War.^[5]

He later returned to Spain in 1977 after the death of Francisco Franco.^[5]

Aliases

Ciutat de Miguel had many aliases:

• Masonic name: Algazel
• Russian name: Pavel Pablovich Stepanov
• Cuban alias: Ángel Martínez Riosola^[6]
• Short name: Paco
• Commonly referred to as Angelito

Bibliography

• Relatos y reflexiones de la Guerra de España 1936-1939 - Francisco Ciutat de Miguel. Forma Ediciones. Madrid 1978. (Spanish)

References and notes