Forza Italia (2013)

For the defunct political party active between 1994 and 2009, see Forza Italia.
Forza Italia
President Silvio Berlusconi
Political Counselor Giovanni Toti
Chief of Staff Mariarosaria Rossi
Spokesperson Deborah Bergamini
Founded 18 September 2013
(launched)
16 November 2013
(founded)
Preceded by The People of Freedom
Headquarters Piazza San Lorenzo in Lucina 4, Rome
Student wing Studenti per la Libertà
Youth wing Forza Italia Giovani
Women's wing Donne Azzurre[1]
Ideology Liberal conservatism[2]
Christian democracy[2]
Populism[3]
Political position Centre-right
International affiliation none
European affiliation European People's Party
European Parliament group European People's Party
Colors      Azure
Chamber of Deputies
70 / 630
Senate[4]
64 / 315
European Parliament
13 / 73
Regional Government
1 / 20
Website
forzaitalia.it
Politics of Italy
Political parties
Elections

Forza Italia (translating to "Forward Italy",[2][5][6][7] known also by its acronym FI) is a centre-right political party in Italy, led by Silvio Berlusconi, four-time Prime Minister of Italy and long-time leader of the Italian centre-right.

The party, consisting of the former People of Freedom (PdL) party, is a revival of the defunct Forza Italia (FI), active from 1994 to 2009, when it was merged with National Alliance (AN) and several minor parties to form the PdL. Forza Italia's leading members include Giovanni Toti, Mariarosaria Rossi, Antonio Tajani, Renato Brunetta, Paolo Romani, Elisabetta Gardini, Maurizio Gasparri, Mariastella Gelmini, Antonio Martino, Giancarlo Galan, Daniela Santanchè, Raffaele Fitto and Stefano Caldoro.

On 11 September 2014 FI was admitted into the European People's Party (EPP), inheriting the PdL's membership.[8]

History

The new FI, announced in June 2013,[9][10] was launched on 18 September[11][12][13][14] and the PdL was formally dissolved into the party on 16 November.[15] The day before a group of dissidents (mainly Christian democrats), led by Berlusconi's protégé Angelino Alfano, had broke by announcing the foundation of the alternative New Centre-Right (NCD) party.[16] Another group of PdL members, led by former mayor of Rome Gianni Alemanno, had left the party earlier in order to form Italy First (they would later join the Brothers of Italy).[17] According to Berlusconi, the PdL would become a coalition of centre-right parties, including the new FI, NCD, the new conservative outfit, possibly Lega Nord, etc.[18]

Among the strongest supporters of the return to FI, the so-called "hawks"[19] and self-proclaimed "loyalists",[20] a leading role was played by Raffaele Fitto, who, despite the common Christian-democratic background, was a long-time rival of Alfano. Other supporters included Antonio Martino, Renato Brunetta, Denis Verdini, Mariastella Gelmini, Mara Carfagna, Giancarlo Galan, Sandro Bondi, Daniela Santanchè, Niccolò Ghedini and Daniele Capezzone, while Maurizio Gasparri, Altero Matteoli and Paolo Romani, tried to mediate between Alfano and Fitto, but finally chose to join the new FI.[21][22]

The symbol of FI made its return in the 2013 provincial elections in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, although in a regional fashion: "Forza Trentino"[23] and "Forza Alto Adige" (in list with Lega Nord Alto Adige/Südtirol).[24]

On 27 November the Senate approved Berlusconi's expulsion,[25] following the leader's conviction for tax evasion the previous August, when Berlusconi was sentenced to four years of imprisonment, the last three being automatically pardoned.[26] The day before FI had joined the opposition to Enrico Letta's government,[27] which was still supported by Alfano's NCD instead.

As of the end of December, Berlusconi was set to appoint three vice-presidents: Antonio Tajani (European Commissioner and vice-president of the European People's Party), Giovanni Toti (former editor of Studio Aperto and TG4,[28] two news programs of Berlusconi's Mediaset).[29] As a result of the resentement by the party's old guard, notably including Fitto, on the alleged appointment of Toti as coordinator-at-large, Berlusconi appointed him merely "political counselor" to the party.[30][31]

In the 2014 European Parliament election the party obtained 16.8% of the vote and 13 MEPs elected, including Toti in the North-West, Tajani (who had first been elected to the European Parliament in 1994) in the Centre and, most notably, Fitto (who obtained more than 180,000 votes in his native Apulia alone) in the South.[32]

Fitto, the strongest supporter of Berlusconi's leadership in late 2013, became his main internal challenger by mid 2014. After months of bickering with Berlusconi over the so-called "Nazareno pact" with Matteo Renzi, leader of the Democratic Party and Prime Minister, in February 2015 Fitto launched his own faction, named "Rebuilders".[33] Fitto's main supporters included Capezzone, Maurizio Bianconi, Rocco Palese, Saverio Romano, Cinzia Bonfrisco, Augusto Minzolini and most Apulian MPs.[34]

In the run-up of the 2015 regional elections the party was riven in internal disputes and was divided mainly in three groups: Berlusconi's loyalists, Fitto's "Rebuilders" and nostalgics of the "Nazareno pact". The latter were led by Verdini and some of them, notably including Bondi, were openly pro-Renzi. Bondi, a former Berlusconi's adulator, and his partner Manuela Repetti left the party in March,[35][36] while others disgruntled Verdiniani propped up the government from time to time. Berlusconi chose Toti as candidate for President in Liguria, confirmed incumbent Stefano Caldoro as the party's standard-bearer in Campania and renewed the support to Lega Nord's Luca Zaia in Veneto.[37] However, Berlusconi and Fitto did not find an agreement on the composition of the slates in Apulia, where the two wings of the party fielded two opposing candidates for President,[38][39][40] and similar problems arose in Tuscany,[41] Verdini's (and Renzi's) homeregion and stronghold.

Ideology

FI's ideology is similar to that of its predecessor, the PdL, a big tent centre-right party including Christian democrats, liberals, conservatives and social democrats. However, the split occurred between FI and NCD left the former with a more liberal base.

According to an article from Corriere della Sera, on the so-called "ethical issues" (abortion, LGBT rights, etc.), the party, which aims at returning to its 1994's original values (including "liberalism, the socialist roots, even the radical component"), respects its MPs' "freedom of conscience" and is open to civil unions (some members go further and even propose same-sex marriage), while NCD's positions are "closer to those of the European traditionalist right".[42] In October 2014 Berlusconi endorsed Matteo Renzi's proposals on civil unions for gays and a quicker path to citizenship to Italian-born children of immigrants.[43]

Generally speaking, with the long-prepared return to FI, Berlusconi aimed at returning to the party's "liberal roots": in doing that, he reinforced his ties with those liberals, like Antonio Martino, who had been marginalised in the PdL,[44] while losing many of its Christian democrats and conservatives to the NCD.

The party is seen as more Eurosceptic than its precursors. Its members have frequently criticised Germany's role in the European Union and the Euro.[45][46][47]

Factions and associate parties

Forza Italia is a plural party, including several distinct ideological trends.[48] The party also includes several factions and minor associate parties:[49]

Electoral results

European Parliament

Election year # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 # of
overall seats won		 +/– Leader
2014 4,614,364 (#3) 16.81
13 / 73
–
Silvio Berlusconi

Regional Councils

Region Latest election # of
overall votes		 % of
overall vote		 # of
overall seats won
Abruzzo 2014 112,215 (#3) 16.7
4 / 31
Calabria 2014 95,979 (#3) 12.2
5 / 30
Emilia-Romagna 2014 100,478 (#4) 8.4
2 / 50
Piedmont 2014 302,743 (#3) 15.6
7 / 50
Sardinia 2014 126,327 (#2) 18.5
10 / 60
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 2013 10,493 (#7) 4.4
0 / 35

Leadership

External links

References

  1. ↑ Voglia di Forza Italia: ecco la vera storia del simbolo che fa sognare tutti i moderati, il Giornale, July 7, 2013
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Italy, Parties and Election in Europe, 2013
  3. ↑ Woods, Dwayne (2014). The Many Faces of Populism in Italy: The Northern League and Berlusconism. The Many Faces of Populism: Current Perspectives (Emerald Group). pp. 28, 41–44.
  4. ↑ Six senators of FI sit in the Great Autonomies and Freedom Group.
  5. ↑ Jane L. Chapman; Nick Nuttall (21 March 2011). Journalism Today: A Themed History. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-1-4443-9536-5.
  6. ↑ Barbara Pezzotti (14 September 2012). The Importance of Place in Contemporary Italian Crime Fiction: A Bloody Journey. Fairleigh Dickinson. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-1-61147-553-1.
  7. ↑ Thomas Jansen; Steven Van Hecke (19 May 2011). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer. pp. 63–. ISBN 978-3-642-19414-6.
  8. ↑ "Forza Italia membro d'ufficio Ppe come erede del Pdl". Ansa.it (in Italian). September 19, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Berlusconi al Tg1: torna Forza Italia e sarò io a guidarla" (in Italian). Il Sole 24 Ore. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  10. ↑ "Berlusconi annuncia ritorno di Forza Italia. "Temo che sarò ancora il numero uno"" (in Italian). la Repubblica. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  11. ↑ "Berlusconi Revives Forza Italia in Plea for Help Against Trials". Bloomberg News. 18 September 2013.
  12. ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi Relaunches Forza Italia on Senate Ousting Vote". International Business Times. 18 September 2013.
  13. ↑ "Berlusconi Vows to Stay in Politics if Ousted From Senate". The Wall Street Journal. 18 September 2013.
  14. ↑ "Berlusconi Stakes a Claim for Relevance, but Avoids Threats". The New York Times. 18 September 2013.
  15. ↑ "Berlusconi breaks away from Italian government after party splits". Reuters. 16 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  16. ↑ "È rottura tra Berlusconi e Alfano Il vicepremier annuncia i nuovi gruppi" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. 16 November 2013.
  17. ↑ "Alemanno lancia "Prima l'Italia": "La priorità è portare il Paese fuori dalla crisi"" (in Italian). Il Messaggero. 13 October 2013.
  18. ↑ "L’addio al Pdl (in frantumi), rinasce Forza Italia" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. 16 November 2013.
  19. ↑ "Nel Pdl colombe pronte alla battaglia E il partito ora rischia la scissione". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  20. ↑ "Fitto: noi lealisti non vogliamo posti Azzerare tutto e poi congresso". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  21. ↑ "Pdl, tanti no all?ipotesi del congresso". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  22. ↑ "Il Pdl e la sfida sugli incarichi Si affacciano i mediatori". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  23. ↑ "Nasce Forza Trentino: ultimo pressing su Mosna" (in Italian). Trentino. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  24. ↑ "Biancofiore candida l’Artioli capolista" (in Italian). Alto Adige. 14 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  25. ↑ "Alle 17.42 l'annuncio dopo il voto palese L'ira di Forza Italia sui Cinquestelle" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. 28 November 2013.
  26. ↑ "Confermata la condanna Berlusconi sconterà 1 anno". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  27. ↑ "Forza Italia esce dalla maggioranza Alfano: "Un errore sabotare Letta"" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. 26 November 2013.
  28. ↑ "Mediaset, cambio ai vertici Al posto di Giovanni Toti arrivano Giordano e Broggiato" (in Italian). il Giornale. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  29. ↑ ""Forza Italia via dai palazzi romani" Si riparte da Milano (e dalla Brianza)" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. 29 November 2013.
  30. ↑ http://www.forzaitalia.it/notizie/10314/nomine-forza-italia-berlusconi-nomina-giovanni-toti-consigliere-politico
  31. ↑ "Berlusconi taps newsman as party advisor". Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  32. ↑ http://elezionistorico.interno.it/index.php?tpel=E&dtel=25/05/2014
  33. ↑ http://www.corriere.it/politica/15_febbraio_21/fi-fitto-lancia-ricostruttori-stiamo-saremo-partito-506cb43e-b9e2-11e4-ab78-eaaa5a462975.shtml
  34. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2015/gennaio/22/Dall_tesoriere_pugliesi_chi_sta_co_0_20150122_b2070b1a-a202-11e4-b31a-4e54bb51023c.shtml
  35. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2015/aprile/01/Bondi_Repetti_ora_addio_definitivo_co_0_20150401_edee9886-d831-11e4-a386-eab779a6225e.shtml
  36. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2015/aprile/04/Berlusconi_tutto_campo_Lite_con_co_0_20150404_53e2489c-da8d-11e4-ae22-33a24e243db5.shtml
  37. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2015/aprile/02/Chiuso_accordo_Lega_Forza_Italia_co_0_20150402_974d5fce-d8fb-11e4-8d95-ef2bdee49e23.shtml
  38. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2015/aprile/11/Berlusconi_Alfano_intesa_Campania_rottura_co_0_20150411_a89a990e-e00d-11e4-8081-cf1278dfbc12.shtml
  39. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2015/aprile/12/Puglia_Berlusconi_lancia_Poli_Bortone_co_0_20150412_11d3b318-e0d8-11e4-aee2-175425b8aa3b.shtml
  40. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2015/aprile/13/Poli_Bortone_dice_Toti_ora_co_0_20150413_cbd91102-e19d-11e4-b01c-a50accaabecc.shtml
  41. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2015/aprile/16/Berlusconi_liste_caso_Toscana_co_0_20150416_1e082b02-e3fb-11e4-a7bf-9be4d19408d5.shtml
  42. ↑ "Pd-azzurri: asse sui diritti (senza Ncd)" (in Italian). Corriere della Sera. 4 January 2014.
  43. ↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2014/ottobre/24/Dico_unioni_gay_ius_soli_co_0_20141024_bc75644c-5b40-11e4-9f79-7fe19c9e0c18.shtml
  44. ↑ "Berlusconi seeks return to liberal roots". Financial Times. 22 July 2012.
  45. ↑ "Quegli economisti euroscettici (proprio come Berlusconi)" (in Italian). Il Foglio. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  46. ↑ "Can Berlusconi make a eurosceptic comeback?". la Repubblica/The Guardian. Presseurop. 26 June 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  47. ↑ "Berlusconi turns Eurosceptic in bid to return to power". City A.M. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  48. ↑ Pdl, le correnti: nomi e cognomi, Libero Quotidiano, October 7, 2013
  49. ↑ Forza Italia, i dirigenti del Pid aderiscono al partito di Berlusconi, Giornale di Sicilia, October 30, 2013
  50. ↑ Gianfranco Rotondi sfida Matteo Renzi e lancia l'Unione dei Movimenti Popolari: "Lui rottamatore, io restauratore", Huffington Post, March 1, 2014