Fortunian

Key events in the Cambrian

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Ordovician

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Fortunian

"Stage 2"

"Stage 3"

"Stage 4"

"Stage 5"

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Baykonur
glaciation

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Orsten Fauna

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Burgess Shale

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Kaili biota

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Archaeocyatha extinction

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Emu Bay Shale

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Sirius Passet biota

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Chengjiang biota

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First Trilobites

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SSF diversification, first brachiopods & archaeocyatha

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First halkieriids, mollusсs, hyoliths SSF

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Treptichnus pedum trace
Large negative peak δ 13C_carb excursion

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First Cloudina & Namacalathus mineral tubular fossils

Stratigraphic scale of the ICS subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.

Coordinates: 47°04′34″N 55°49′52″W / 47.0762°N 55.8310°W / 47.0762; -55.8310

Delegates from the Ichnia 2012 conference inspect the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary at Fortune Head Ecological Reserve, Newfoundland, Canada. The boundary is defined on the appearance of the complex, vertical trace fossil Treptichnus (formerly Phycodes) pedum.

The Fortunian stage marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic eon, the Paleozoic era, and the Cambrian period. It is the first of the two stages of the Terreneuvian series. Its base is defined as the first appearance of the trace fossil Treptichnus pedum 541.0 ± 1.0 million years ago. The top of the Fortunian which is the base of the Stage 2 of the Cambrian has not been formally defined yet, but will correspond to the appearance of an Archeocyatha species or "Small shelly fossils" approximately ~529 million years ago.^[1]

The name Fortunian is derived from a part of the Burin Peninsula, the village Fortune near the GSSP and Fortune Bay.^[2]

GSSP

The type locality (GSSP) of the Fortunian stage is in Fortune Head, at the northern edge of the Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada (47°04′34″N 55°49′52″W / 47.0762°N 55.8310°W / 47.0762; -55.8310). This GSSP coincides with the beginning of the Terreneuvian series, the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary and the beginning of the Phanerozoic. The outcrops show a carbonate-siliciclastic succession which is mapped as the Chapel Island Formation. The formation is divided into the following members that are composed of peritidal sandstones and shales (Member 1), muddy deltaic and shelf sandstones and mudstones (Member 2A), laminated siltstones (Member 2B and 3) and mudstones and limestones of the inner shelf (Member 4). The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary lies 2.4 m above the base of the 2nd member which is the lowest occurrence of Treptichnus pedum. The traces can be seen on the lower surface of the sandstone layers. The first calcareous shelled skeletal fossils (Ladatheca cylindrica) is 400 m above the boundary. The first trilobites appear 1400 m above the boundary which corresponds to the beginning of the Branchian Series.^[3]

References

↑ "Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point". International Commission of Stratigraphy. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
↑ Landing, E. "THE BASE OF THE CAMBRIAN: TERRENEUVIAN SERIES AND FORTUNIAN STAGE" (PDF). Retrieved 2 November 2012.
↑ Brasier, Martin; John Cowie; Michael Taylor (1994). "Decision on the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary stratotype" (PDF). Episodes 17 (1-2): 95–100. Retrieved 14 September 2012.

External links

Martin, Anthony (Tony). "Out of One's Depth in the Ediacaran". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
Martin, Anthony (Tony). "Mistaken Point and the Limits of Actualism". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
Album of the Ichnia 2012 conference at Fortune Head

Preceded by Proterozoic Eon	Phanerozoic Eon
	Paleozoic Era						Mesozoic Era			Cenozoic Era
	Cambrian	Ordovician	Silurian	Devonian	Carboniferous	Permian	Triassic	Jurassic	Cretaceous	Paleogene	Neogene	4ry

Geologic history of Earth

Precambrian supereon (4.567 Gya – 541.0 Mya)

eons

eras	periods

Hadean
(4.567–4 Gya)

Paleohadean (4.567–4.3 Gya)

Mesohadean (4.3–4.1 Gya)

Neohadean (4.1–4 Gya)

Archean
(4–2.5 Gya)

Eoarchean (4–3.6 Gya)

Paleoarchean (3.6–3.2 Gya)

Mesoarchean (3.2–2.8 Gya)

Neoarchean (2.8–2.5 Gya)

Proterozoic
(2.5 Gya – 541.0 Mya)

Paleoproterozoic (2.5–1.6 Gya)	Siderian (2.5–2.3 Gya) Rhyacian (2.3–2.05 Gya) Orosirian (2.05–1.8 Gya) Statherian (1.8–1.6 Gya)

Mesoproterozoic (1.6–1 Gya)	Calymmian (1.6–1.4 Gya) Ectasian (1.4–1.2 Gya) Stenian (1.2–1 Gya)

Neoproterozoic (1 Gya – 541.0 Mya)	Tonian (1 Gya – 850 Mya) Cryogenian (850–635 Mya) Ediacaran (635–541.0 Mya)

Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.

Phanerozoic eon (541.0 Mya – present)

Paleozoic era (541.0–252.17 Mya)

periods

epochs	ages

Cambrian
(541.0–485.4 Mya)

Terreneuvian (541.0–521 Mya)	Fortunian (541.0–529 Mya) Age 2* (529–521 Mya)

Epoch 2* (521–509 Mya)	Age 3* (521–514 Mya) Age 4* (514–509 Mya)

Epoch 3* (509–497 Mya)	Age 5* (509–504.5 Mya) Drumian (504.5–500.5 Mya) Guzhangian (500.5–497 Mya)

Furongian (497–485.4 Mya)	Paibian (497–494 Mya) Jiangshanian (494–489.5 Mya) Age 10* (489.5–485.4 Mya)

Ordovician
(485.4–443.4 Mya)

Early (485.4–470.0 Mya)	Tremadocian (485.4–477.7 Mya) Floian (477.7–470.0 Mya)

Middle (470.0–458.4 Mya)	Dapingian (470.0–467.3 Mya) Darriwilian (467.3–458.4 Mya)

Late (458.4–443.4 Mya)	Sandbian (458.4–453.0 Mya) Katian (453.0–445.2 Mya) Hirnantian (445.2–443.4 Mya)

Silurian
(443.4–419.2 Mya)

Llandovery (443.4–433.4 Mya)	Rhuddanian (443.4–440.8 Mya) Aeronian (440.8–438.5 Mya) Telychian (438.5–433.4 Mya)

Wenlock (433.4–427.4 Mya)	Sheinwoodian (433.4–430.5 Mya) Homerian (430.5–427.4 Mya)

Ludlow (427.4–423.0 Mya)	Gorstian (427.4–425.6 Mya) Ludfordian (425.6–423.0 Mya)

Pridoli (423.0–419.2 Mya)

Devonian
(419.2–358.9 Mya)

Early (419.2–393.3 Mya)	Lochkovian (419.2–410.8 Mya) Pragian (410.8–407.6 Mya) Emsian (407.6–393.3 Mya)

Middle (393.3–382.7 Mya)	Eifelian (393.3–387.7 Mya) Givetian (387.7–382.7 Mya)

Late (382.7–358.9 Mya)	Frasnian (382.7–372.2 Mya) Famennian (372.2–358.9 Mya)

Carboniferous
(358.9–298.9 Mya)

Mississippian (358.9–323.2 Mya)	Tournaisian (358.9–346.7 Mya) Viséan (346.7–330.9 Mya) Serpukhovian (330.9–323.2 Mya)

Pennsylvanian (323.2–298.9 Mya)	Bashkirian (323.2–315.2 Mya) Moscovian (315.2–307.0 Mya) Kasimovian (307.0–303.7 Mya) Gzhelian (303.7–298.9 Mya)

Permian
(298.9–252.17 Mya)

Cisuralian (298.9–272.3 Mya)	Asselian (298.9–295.0 Mya) Sakmarian (295.0–290.1 Mya) Artinskian (290.1–283.5 Mya) Kungurian (283.5–272.3 Mya)

Guadalupian (272.3–259.8 Mya)	Roadian (272.3–268.8 Mya) Wordian (268.8–265.1 Mya) Capitanian (265.1–259.8 Mya)

Lopingian (259.8–252.17 Mya)	Wuchiapingian (259.8–254.14 Mya) Changhsingian (254.14–252.17 Mya)

Kasimovian and Gzhelian comprise Late Pennsylvanian (307.0–298.9 Mya) subepoch.

Mesozoic era (252.17–66.0 Mya)

periods

epochs	ages

Triassic
(252.17–201.3 Mya)

Early (252.17–247.2 Mya)	Induan (252.17–251.2 Mya) Olenekian (251.2–247.2 Mya)

Middle (247.2–235 Mya)	Anisian (247.2–242 Mya) Ladinian (242–235 Mya)

Late (235–201.3 Mya)	Carnian (235–228 Mya) Norian (228–208.5 Mya) Rhaetian (208.5–201.3 Mya)

Jurassic
(201.3–145.0 Mya)

Early (201.3–174.1 Mya)	Hettangian (201.3–199.3 Mya) Sinemurian (199.3–190.8 Mya) Pliensbachian (190.8–182.7 Mya) Toarcian (182.7–174.1 Mya)

Middle (174.1–163.5 Mya)	Aalenian (174.1–170.3 Mya) Bajocian (170.3–168.3 Mya) Bathonian (168.3–166.1 Mya) Callovian (166.1–163.5 Mya)

Late (163.5–145.0 Mya)	Oxfordian (163.5–157.3 Mya) Kimmeridgian (157.3–152.1 Mya) Tithonian (152.1–145.0 Mya)

Cretaceous
(145.0–66.0 Mya)

Early (145.0–100.5 Mya)	Berriasian (145.0–139.8 Mya) Valanginian (139.8–132.9 Mya) Hauterivian (132.9–129.4 Mya) Barremian (129.4–125.0 Mya) Aptian (125.0–113.0 Mya) Albian (113.0–100.5 Mya)

Late (100.5–66.0 Mya)	Cenomanian (100.5–93.9 Mya) Turonian (93.9–89.8 Mya) Coniacian (89.8–86.3 Mya) Santonian (86.3–83.6 Mya) Campanian (83.6–72.1 Mya) Maastrichtian (72.1–66.0 Mya)

Cenozoic era (66.0 Mya – present)

periods

epochs	ages; italic are chrons

Paleogene
(66.0–23.03 Mya)

Paleocene (66.0–56.0 Mya)	Danian (66.0–61.6 Mya) Selandian (61.6–59.2 Mya) Thanetian (59.2–56.0 Mya)

Eocene (56.0–33.9 Mya)	Ypresian (56.0–47.8 Mya) Lutetian (47.8–41.3 Mya) Bartonian (41.3–38.0 Mya) Priabonian (38.0–33.9 Mya)

Oligocene (33.9–23.03 Mya)	Rupelian (33.9–28.1 Mya) Chattian (28.1–23.03 Mya)

Neogene
(23.03–2.58 Mya)

Miocene (23.03–5.333 Mya)	Aquitanian (23.03–20.44 Mya) Burdigalian (20.44–15.97 Mya) Langhian (15.97–13.82 Mya) Serravallian (13.82–11.62 Mya) Tortonian (11.62–7.246 Mya) Messinian (7.246–5.333 Mya)

Pliocene (5.333–2.58 Mya)	Zanclean (5.333–3.600 Mya) Piacenzian (3.600–2.58 Mya)

Quaternary
(2.58 Mya – present)

Pleistocene (2.58 Mya – 11.7 kya)	Gelasian (2.58–1.80 Mya) Calabrian (1.80 Mya – 781 kya) Middle (Ionian) (781–126 kya) Late (Tarantian) (126–11.7 kya): Oldest Dryas (18–14.67 kya)* Bølling (14.67–14 kya)* Older Dryas (14–13.7 kya)* Allerød (13.7–12.8 kya)* Younger Dryas (12.8–11.7 kya)*

Holocene (11.7 kya – present)	Preboreal (11.7–9 kya)* Boreal (9–8 kya)* Atlantic (8–5 kya)* Subboreal (5–2.5 kya)* Subatlantic (2.5 kya – present)*

Paleogene, Neogene and early Pleistocene comprise former Tertiary* (66.0–1.8 Mya) period. Gelasian and Calabrian comprise Early Pleistocene (2.58 Mya – 781 kya) subepoch.

kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. * Not officially recognized by the I.C.S.

Source: International Chronostratigraphic Chart (February 2014). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 3 June 2014. Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units USGS Retrieved 10 March 2013.

Fortunian

GSSP

See also

References

External links