Fort Bayard Historic District

Fort Bayard Historic District
Fort Bayard Post Hospital, circa 1890
Nearest city Santa Clara, New Mexico
Coordinates 32°47′47″N 108°8′56″W / 32.79639°N 108.14889°WCoordinates: 32°47′47″N 108°8′56″W / 32.79639°N 108.14889°W
Area 704 acres (2.85 km2)[1]
Built 1866
Architectural style Classical Revival, Colonial Revival
Governing body U.S. Forest Service
NRHP Reference # 02000726
Significant dates
Added to NRHP July 7, 2002[2]
Designated NHLD March 19, 2004[3]

Fort Bayard Historic District, also known as Fort Bayard Site, near Santa Clara (formerly Central), New Mexico, was the site of an 1866 post of the US Army "Buffalo Soldiers".

History

Fort Bayard was established as a United States Army installation in 1866 to protect miners and other settlers in the area along the Apache Trail. The fort was named for Brigadier General George Dashiell Bayard, who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg in 1862. Fifteen square miles of land were set aside as the Fort Bayard Military Reservation by presidential order in 1869. In 1886, then-Second Lieutenant John Pershing arrived at Fort Bayard and oversaw the installation of a heliograph, linking the fort to an Army communications network from Arizona to Texas.[4]

Fort Bayard was one of many installations throughout the Southwest that was garrisoned by the so-called Buffalo Soldiers. Company B of the 25th United States Colored Infantry Regiment established the post, and they were joined by other black units, including troops from the 9th Cavalry Regiment. Corporal Clinton Greaves, stationed at Fort Bayard with C Company, 9th Cavalry Regiment, received the Medal of Honor for his actions against Apache raiders on January 24, 1877. A monument to the Buffalo Soldiers was erected on the old parade field of Fort Bayard in 1992.

Following the capture of Geronimo in 1886, the Apache were no longer considered a major threat. Fort Bayard's continued usefulness, like that many posts in the southwest, thus came under scrutiny. Due to its distance from the border with Mexico, the fort was selected for deactivation. However, U.S. Army Surgeon General George Miller Sternberg, noting the excellent health record of the post, chose Fort Bayard as an Army tuberculosis hospital and research center (Lectures on tuberculosis made at the fort are archived at the National Library of Medicine).[5] The fort was then transferred to the Surgeon General's Department in 1900. In 1922 the hospital became the part of the Veterans Bureau.

The fort was partially reactivated as a military installation during World War II. A number of German prisoners of war were held at the fort from 1943 to 1945. The fort is now administered by the New Mexico Department of Health as Fort Bayard Medical Center, a long term care nursing facility that also contains a chemical dependency treatment center.[6][7]

Fort Bayard was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2004.[1][3]

Fort Bayard is located 0.5 miles (800 m) north of the intersection of US 180 and New Mexico state route 152,[1] near Bayard, New Mexico.

Notable soldiers stationed at Fort Bayard

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 David Kammer (March 31, 2001). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Fort Bayard; United States General Hospital for Tuberculosis; Veterans Administration Hospital #55" (pdf). National Park Service.
  2. ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Fort Bayard Historic District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
  4. ↑
  5. ↑ "Lectures on Tuberculosis, Fort Bayard 1910-1914". National Library of Medicine.
  6. ↑ History of Ft. Bayard
  7. ↑ Fort Bayard Medical Center

External links