Folk costume
Faroese folk dance club with some members in national costumes.
A folk costume (also regional costume, national costume, or traditional garment) expresses an identity through costume, which is usually associated with a geographic area or a period of time in history. It can also indicate social, marital and/or religious status. Such costumes often come in two forms: one for everyday occasions, the other for festivals and formal wear.
Following the outbreak of romantic nationalism, the peasantry of Europe came to serve as models for all that appeared genuine and desirable. Their dress crystallised into so-called "typical" forms, and enthusiasts adopted that attire as part of their symbolism.
In areas where contemporary Western fashions have become usual, traditional garments are often worn at special events or celebrations; particularly those connected with cultural traditions, heritage or pride.
In modern times, there are instances where traditional garments are required by law. In Bhutan, the traditional Tibetan-style clothing of gho and kera for men, kira and toego for women, must be worn by all citizens, including those not of Tibetan heritage. In Saudi Arabia, women are also required to wear the abaya in public.
Africa
West Africa
Yoruba men in folk costume
- Benin - lace Dashiki suit and Aso Oke Hat (male), lace Buba and wrapper set (female)
- Côte d'Ivoire - Kente cloth (male), Kente kaba and slit set or Kente cloth (female)
- Gambia - Boubou (male), Kaftan (female)
- Ghana - Kente cloth or Ghanaian smock and Kufi (male), Kente kaba and slit set or Kente cloth (female)
- Guinea - Boubou (male), Kaftan (female)
- Liberia - Dashiki suit and Kufi (male), Buba and skirt set (female)
- Mali - Grand boubou and Kufi (male), Bògòlanfini-style Kaftan (female)
- Mauritania - Darra'a (male), Melhfa Sahraouia (female)
- Niger - Babban riga (male), Buba and wrapper set (female)
- Nigeria - Agbada or Isiagu and Aso Oke Hat (male), Buba and wrapper set (female)
- Senegal - Senegalese kaftan and Kufi (male), Kaftan (female)
North Africa
Berber boys in folk wear
- Algeria : Binouar (Sétif), Bikhmar (Ouargla), Blouza (Oran), Burnous (Algérie), Caftan (Algérie), Caftan El-Bey (Algérie), Chemsa (Jijel), Fergani (Constantine), Gandoura (Algérie), Gandoura Annabiya (Annaba), Ghlila (Algiers), Haïek (Algérie), Jellaba (Algérie), Karakou (Algiers), Kachabia (Djelfa et Laghouat), Labsa Kbaylia (Kabylie), Labsa M'zabia (M'zab), Labsa Naïlia (Ouled Naïl), Labsa Touratia (Hoggar), Lefa we dlala (Annaba), Melhfa Chaouïa (Aures), Melhfa Sahraouia (Tindouf), Mlaya (Est algérien), Sarouel (Algérie), Sarouel Mdawer (Algiers)
- Egypt - Galabeya
- Libya - Jellabiya
- Morocco - Djellaba, Fez hat and Balgha (male), Takchita (female)
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - Darra'a (male), Melhfa Sahraouia (female)
- Sudan - Jalabiyyah, Taqiyyah, and Turban (male), Toob, a cotton women's dress (female)
Horn of Africa
Somali woman in traditional attire
- Djibouti - Macawiis (male), Koofiyad (male), Dirac (female), Garbasaar (female)
- Eritrea - Kidan Habesha (male), Habesha kemis (female)
- Ethiopia - Ethiopian suit (male), Habesha kemis (female)
- Somalia - Macawiis (male), Koofiyad (male), Dirac (female), Guntiino (female), Garbasaar (female)
Central Africa
- Cameroon - Pagne (female), Toghu (male)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo - Pagne (female), Abacost (male)
African Great Lakes
- Kenya - Kanzu and Kofia (male), Kanga and Kitenge (female)
- Rwanda - Kanzu (male), Mushanana (female)
- Tanzania - Kanzu and Kofia (male), Kanga and Gowni or Kitenge (female)
- Uganda - Kanzu and Kofia (male), Gomesi (female)
Indian Ocean Islands
- Madagascar - Lamba
- Comoros - Lesso (female), Kanzu (male)
Southern Africa
- South Africa - Afrikaners and British diaspora: slouch hat, khaki Bermuda shorts; Zulus, Xhosa, etc.: Madiba shirt, shweshwe clothing, Zulu crown (isicholo)
- Mozambique - Capulana
- Zimbabwe - Safari shirt (male), Buba and skirt set (female)
Americas
American senators wearing seersucker suits associated with the Southern US
Blue jeans, Stetsons and press stud plaid Western shirts, c.1950
- Argentina - Gaucho costume
- Bermuda - Bermuda shorts
- Bolivia - Poncho, Chullo, Andean pollera
- Brazil - Each region has its own traditional costume. Cangaçeiro or Vaqueiro costumes for the northeast, Baiana and Abadá for Bahia, Brazilian carnival costumes for the southeast area, Amazonian clothes for many northern and central states and Gaucho costumes for Rio Grande do Sul. Caipiras (similar to the jíbaro of Puerto Rico), in Sao Paulo, Goiás and many rural areas, conserve traditional folk styles of clothing, imitated by participants of festas juninas.
- Canada - Ceinture fléchée, Moccasins, Parka, Cowichan sweater, Tuque, Canadian Métis clothing
- Nunavut and other Canadian Inuit communities - Parka
- Quebec - Tuque, Capote, Ceinture fléchée
- Chile - Huaso costume
- Colombia - Sombrero Vueltiao, ruana, white shirt, trousers and alpargatas (male), Sombrero Vueltiao, blouse, pollera and alpargatas (female); every region has a distinct costume.
- Cuba - Guayabera, Khaki pants, Panama hat (male), Guayabera dress, Panama hat (female)
- Dominican Republic - Chacabana
- Dominica - Madras dress
- Ecuador - Poncho
- Guatemala - Huipil, Corte skirt, Tocado, Todosantero suit.
- Guyana - Shirt jacket (male), Booboo (female)
- Haiti - Karabela dress (female), Shirt jacket (male)
- Jamaica - Madras-cloth Quadrille dress (female), Madras shirt and white trousers(male)
- Mexico - Charro suit, Huipil, Rebozo, Sarape, Sombrero, Guayabera
- Nicaragua - Trencilla dress, Rebozo (female), Sombrero, white shirt and trousers (male)
- Panama - Pollera (female), Montuno (male)
- Paraguay - Gaucho costume
- Peru - Chullo, Poncho, Andean pollera
- Puerto Rico - Guayabera, Pantalons, and Panama hat (male), Trajes (dress) (Female)
- St. Lucia - Madras dress
- Suriname - Kotomisse
- Trinidad and Tobago - Shirt jacket (male), Booboo (female)
- United States - Various styles of Native American clothing. Western wear, derived from original American pioneer garb is traditional dress in Texas, the Southwestern US, and many rural communities, including cowboy hats, Western shirts, cowboy boots, jeans, prairie skirts, and bolo ties. Traditional Southern US wear includes white seersucker suits and string ties for men, and sun hats and large Southern belle-style dresses for women. Historic European-American costume, especially in the Northeast US, includes clothing styles of the 18th and 19th centuries. Summer residents of Nantucket will often wear Nantucket Reds. Amish, the Pennsylvania Dutch and some sects of Mormon fundamentalism preserve traditional 19th century clothing styles for those groups.
- Uruguay - Gaucho costume
- Venezuela - Liqui liqui, pelo e' guama hat.
Asia
Central Asia
- Afghanistan - Pashtun dress: Afghan cap, turban, Shalwar Kameez (male), Qemis, Khet partug (female); formerly Burqa (female)
- Kazakhstan - Chapan
- Tuva - Deel
East Asia
Mongolian deel
South Asia
- Bangladesh - Kurta (men), Lungi (men), Sari (women), Dupatta (women), Sherwani (men)
- Bhutan - Gho (male) and Kira (female)
- India - Achkan, Dhoti, Kurta (male) and Sari (female)
- Maldives - Dhivehi libaas (women) Sarong, long sleeved white shirt (men)
- Nepal - Daura-Suruwal, (male) and Gunyou Cholo (female); Traditional Newar clothing
- Pakistan - Peshawari pagri, Shalwar Kameez and Sherwani (male), Qemis (female)
- Sri Lanka - Dhoti and Mul Anduma (men), Ossariya (women)
Southeast Asia and Pacific
- Australia - Khaki shorts, slouch hat, Aboriginal Australian tribal dress
- Brunei - Baju Melayu (male), Baju Kurung, Tudung (female)
- Cambodia - Sampot, Apsara, Sabai, Krama
- Cook Islands - Pareo
- East Timor - Tais cloth clothing
- Fiji - Sulu, Tapa cloth
- French Polynesia - Pareo
- Hawaii - Aloha shirt, Muumuu
- Indonesia - Every ethnic group in the country has their national costume. Kebayas, sarongs and the Beskap jacket of the Javanese and the Kain batik and dance costumes of Bali are some examples.
- Laos - xout lao, suea pat, pha hang, pha biang, sinh
- Malaysia - Baju Melayu and Songkok (male), Baju Kurung and Tudung (female)
- Myanmar - Longyi, Gaung baung
- New Zealand - Māori Flax Skirts
- Papua New Guinea - Various Indigenous costumes.
- Philippines - Barong Tagalog (male) and Baro't saya (female)
- Samoa - Lavalava, Puletasi
- Singapore - Baju Melayu or Batik shirt (male) and Nyonya-style Kebaya (female)
- Thailand - chut thai: Thai female: Thai Chakkri, Thai male: Suea Phraratchathan, Both genders: chong kraben and sabai.
- Tonga - tupenu and ta'ovala
- Vietnam - Áo Dài, Áo Tứ Thân, Áo Bà Ba.
Europe
Northern caucasus folk costumes
Costumes of peasants from Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Germany
Traditional kroj from Slovakia
Andalusian folk costumes from Spain
- Abkhazia - Chokha
- Albania - Albanian Traditional Clothing
- Andorra - Barretina, espadrilles
- Austria - Tracht and Dirndl
- Belarus - Slutsk stash, the national type of wimple (namitka)
- Bulgaria - Every town has its own design of a national costume (nosia), with different types of clothing items traditional for each of the ethnographic regions of the country.[1][2]
- Chechnya - Chokha, Taqiyah (cap), Ushanka in cold weather
- Croatia - Croatian national costume, Lika cap, Sibenik cap
- Czech Republic - Kroje
- Denmark - Folkedragt
- Faroe Islands - Føroysk klæði
- Finland - Every region has its own specific design of national costume (kallinsispuku, nationaldräkt). (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka for colder weather
- France - Breton shirt, Beret, Alsatian costume
- Brittany - Breton costume varies throughout the region; most famous are those from Pont Aven, Bigouden and Quimper.
- Georgia - Chokha (Every region has its own specific design of Chokha)
- Germany - Every region has its own specific design of a national costume. For example, Bavaria's well-known Tracht, Lederhosen and Dirndl.
- Greece - Fustanella; Ancient Greek clothing: Peplos, Chiton
- Greenland - Parka
- Hungary - National costumes of Hungary
- Iceland - Þjóðbúningurinn
- Italy - Italian folk dance costumes;Roman clothing: Toga, Stola
- Kosovo - Traditional clothing of Kosovo
- Ireland - Aran sweater, Grandfather shirt, flat cap, Irish walking hat, Léine
- Liechtenstein - Tracht, Dirndl
- Macedonia - Macedonian national costume
- Malta - Għonnella (Faldetta)
- Netherlands - Dutch cap, Klompen; poffer (North Brabant)
- Norway - Bunad; (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka for colder weather
- Ossetia - Chokha
- Poland - National costumes of Poland (especially that of Kraków), Kontusz, Czapka Rogatywka
- Portugal - Every region has its own specific design of a national costume.
- Romania - Romanian dress
- Russia - Sarafan, Kokoshnik, Kosovorotka, Ushanka, Valenki; (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka for colder weather
- Serbia - Serbian dress, Šajkača, Opanci
- Slovakia - Kroj (embroidered traditional dress)
- Slovenia - Gorenjska noša (Upper Carniola)
- Spain - Every autonomous region has its own national costume.
- Basque Country - Beret, espadrilles
- Sweden - Sverigedräkten has varied from region to region but since 1983 is the official National Costume in one common version; 18th century: Nationella dräkten; (Sami) Gákti, Luhkka for colder weather
- Switzerland - Every canton has its own specific design of a national costume.
- Ukraine - National costumes of Ukraine: Vyshyvanka, Sharovary, Żupan, Ukrainian wreath
- United Kingdom:
- England - Morris dance costumes are common in Cotswolds, Welsh Borders, and Northwest England. Pearly kings and queens for London's East End. Flat caps and wooden English clogs in the North, and smocks in rural areas.
- Cornwall - Sou'wester hat and fisherman smock and Bal maiden's clothes. See also Culture of Cornwall and Cornish kilts and tartans.
- Northern Ireland - Similar to Ireland.
- Scotland - Highland dress: Kilt or trews, tam o'shanter, Balmoral bonnet, doublet, Aboyne dress, Brogues or ghillies
- Wales - Traditional Welsh costume, Welsh hat, knit cap derived from Monmouth cap.
- England - Morris dance costumes are common in Cotswolds, Welsh Borders, and Northwest England. Pearly kings and queens for London's East End. Flat caps and wooden English clogs in the North, and smocks in rural areas.
Greater Middle East
Palestinian family wearing typical clothing.
Modern Bedouin from Saudi Arabia with turban and jambiya dagger
- Gulf States - Similar to Saudi Arabia; these states have elaborate women's dresses known as Thobe al-Nashal.
- Israel - Tembel hat, Biblical sandals, Jewish religious clothing, Rekel, Bekishe, Homburg hat, Kippah, Tichel.
- Iran - Kurta, Pajama, dark-colored Sherwani, Turban, chador
- Iraq - Assyrian clothing, Keffiyeh, Bisht
- Jordan - Keffiyeh, Bisht, Bedouin clothing.
- Lebanon - Tantour
- Kurdistan - Sirwal (pants), kurta, Kurdish clothing, gold coin belt and necklace for women.
- Palestine - Keffiyeh, Taqiyah (cap), Palestinian costumes.
- Saudi Arabia - Thawb, Ghutrah, Agal, Bisht, Abaya
- Turkey - Fez, Kaftan, Shalvar.
- Yemen - Similar to Saudi Arabia, but with the addition of an ornate jambiya and leather bandoliers for the men's costume.
Notes
- ↑ "Носиите - Жеравна 2014". Nosia.bg. 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
- ↑ "Български народни носии - България в стари снимки и пощенски картички". Retrobulgaria.com. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
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