Five World Trade Center

5 World Trade Center
130 Liberty Street

5 World Trade Center's proposed design
General information
Status On hold
Type Office, Residential
Location 130 Liberty Street
New York, NY 10281, United States
Coordinates 40°42′37″N 74°0′46″W / 40.71028°N 74.01278°WCoordinates: 40°42′37″N 74°0′46″W / 40.71028°N 74.01278°W
Construction started September 9, 2011
Estimated completion TBD
Height
Roof 743 feet (226 m)[1]
Technical details
Floor count 42
Floor area 1,300,000 square feet (120,000 m2)
Design and construction
Architect Kohn Pedersen Fox
Developer Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

Five World Trade Center (also referred to as 130 Liberty Street)[2] is a planned skyscraper at the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The site is across Liberty Street, to the south of the main 16-acre (6.5 ha) World Trade Center site. The project is currently on standby while the Port Authority explores a potential sale of the lot to a developer and also finds tenants to occupy the skyscraper.[3] The proposed building shares its name with the original 5 World Trade Center, which was heavily damaged during the collapse of the North Tower and was later demolished. The Port Authority has no plans to construct a building at 130 Liberty Street, although it is open to future development of the site as office, retail, hotel, residential or some mix of those uses.[4]

In June 2007, JPMorgan Chase announced plans to develop the building as the headquarters of its J.P. Morgan investment bank. However, JPMorgan Chase's acquisition of Bear Stearns in March 2008 put those plans in doubt, given the company will relocate J.P. Morgan to 383 Madison Avenue.

Original building (1970–2002)

Five World Trade Center (5 WTC) was originally a steel-framed nine-story low-rise office building built in 1970–72 at New York City's World Trade Center and was 118 ft (36 m) tall. It suffered severe damage and partial collapse on its upper floors as a result of the September 11 attacks in 2001. The entire building was demolished by January 2002 to make way for reconstruction. The structure was L-shaped and occupied the northeast corner of the WTC site. Overall dimensions were 330 by 420 feet (100 by 130 m), with an average area of 120,000 square feet (11,000 m2) per floor.

The Chambers Street – World Trade Center (A C E trains) subway station/terminal was located under the building, and access into the station was available through the building. Shops and restaurants were in the building's underground concourse, including the largest Borders bookstore in New York City, spread across three floors of 5 World Trade Center on the corner of the building adjacent to the intersection of Church and Vesey Streets.

In 1984, artist Joanna Gilman Hyde painted the 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) canvas titled "Self Organizing Galaxy" on the roof of 5 World Trade Center.[5]

September 11 attacks

Drawing of the original World Trade Center Complex. The "¬"-shaped building on the northeast corner of the site is 5 WTC.
Preliminary site plans for the World Trade Center rebuild.
A picture showing the remnants of the WTC Complex. The original outline of the entire site can be seen on the left the photo.
Five World Trade Center in a NOAA aerial image following September 11, 2001. North is approximately upper right on the image.

Floors 4 through 9 suffered partial collapse and/or fire damage during the September 11 attacks. Floors 1–3 were undamaged. Some of the collapse was due to impact from steel and debris from World Trade Center 1 (North Tower). Other collapsed sections were due to fire damage. Portions of internal collapse and burnout were found on upper floors, mainly floors 6–8. The exterior facade suffered severe fire damage. The upper floors (5–9) were on fire after the second tower collapse. A section of the fuselage allegedly from United Airlines Flight 175 is claimed to have landed on the top of the building. WTC 5 was the least damaged building of the complex. The Borders bookstore was undamaged after both towers collapsed. The building, was the location of the Survivors' Staircase, which was recovered from the building's underground after 5 World Trade Center was demolished.

The building was later demolished by weakening its internal structure and using cables to pull down the rest of the structure, the same way 4 World Trade Center and 6 World Trade Center were demolished. The last standing section of 5 WTC was removed by January 2002.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)/ASCE Building Performance Study Team found that some connections between the structural steel beams failed in the fire. This was most apparent in the collapse of World Trade Center Building 5, where the fireproofing did not protect the connections, causing the structure to fail. The structural failure didn't cause the entire building collapse, as seen after the attacks that the structural skeleton remained intact.[6]

Two World Trade Center (currently under construction) will stand at the site where the original 5 World Trade Center once stood.

Tenants

Floor levels are indicated in parentheses, if known.

New building

Tower Five was expected to be designed for residential or mixed use in the original master plan for the complex. The building was to have a height limit of 900 feet (270 m) and up to 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m2) of space. Negotiations over the World Trade Center site concluded in April 2006 with private developer Larry Silverstein yielding his right to develop on the site designated for One World Trade Center along with Tower Five to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in exchange for assistance in financing Towers Two, Three, and Four. The Deutsche Bank Building had been undergoing destruction since March 2007. Work along Liberty Street is currently preparing the northern quadrant of the site for development. On June 22, 2007 the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced that JPMorgan Chase will spend $290 million to lease the site until the year 2011 for construction of a 42-story building.[7]

Construction history

Following JPMorgan Chase's acquisition of Bear Stearns in March 2008, the company announced plans to use existing Bear Stearns headquarters at 383 Madison Avenue as its new J.P. Morgan Investment Bank headquarters.[8] The company later abandoned plans to occupy a skyscraper on the 130 Liberty Street site.[9] A proposal to convert the planned office tower on the 130 Liberty Street site into a residential or mixed use tower was explored instead.[9] On May 1, 2008, deconstruction of the former Deutsche Bank building resumed.[10]

On May 11, 2009, it was announced that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was seeking to cancel the construction of World Trade Center Tower 5 altogether as part of an overall plan to halve the amount of office space available in the fully reconstructed World Trade Center to 465,000 square metres (5,010,000 sq ft).[11] The agency, citing the recession and disagreements with developer Larry Silverstein, also proposed the reduction of 200 Greenwich Street and 175 Greenwich Street to "stump" buildings of approximately four stories.[11] It was proposed in July 2009 to move the planned construction site for the Performing Arts Center to the 130 Liberty Street location.[9] The Performing Arts Center was planned to be constructed near the center of the World Trade Center site as part of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum; at that location, however, the building's construction would not begin until 2015.[9] The proposal did not specify whether the Performing Arts Center would occupy the entire site, thereby ending plans for a fifth World Trade Center tower, or if the center would become integrated into a new mixed use skyscraper on the site.[9]

On March 25, 2010, the Port Authority announced that it had assumed responsibility for the development of the Five World Trade Center site, in addition to One World Trade Center, the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, the transportation hub, and site infrastructure. Towers 2, 3, and 4 would continue to be developed by Silverstein Properties.[12] On June 15, 2010, New York University had expressed interest in expanding to Tower 5 as part of its NYU 2031 program.[13]

On February 28, 2011, the Deutsche Bank Building demolition work was completed, and construction of another WTC project, the Vehicular Security Center and Tour Bus Parking Facilities began.[14] Development of the site was officially given to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[15] On September 1, 2011, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey began construction to incorporate the site into the new WTC development, acting as its developer.[16][17]

On October 14, 2011, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced an agreement to rebuild the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church in Liberty Park.[18] The Church would be located adjacent to the future Liberty Park, which would be built on top of the Vehicle Security Center.[19]

On December 9, 2011, Phase 2 construction of the South bathtub, located on the site of 130 Liberty Street, continues with the excavation and concrete placement.[20] By 2012, concrete placement and steel erection of the South Bathtub continued.

By May 10, 2013, the ground was prepared for construction. A walkway that is next to the site of 5 WTC, will be constructed into a supermarket. By 2014, the ground had been transformed into parking spaces for police cars.

Design

The original design for the tower was by Kohn Pedersen Fox.[21] It called for a 42-story building with a seven floor cantilevered section starting at the 12th floor. This section of the building would have housed JPMorgan Chase's large trading floors and risen above the new St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church.[22] However, as of September 2013, the LMDC/Port Authority are actively marketing the site, but have not released any information about the building's redesign, or if it has been redesigned.[23]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Appelbaum, Alec (2007-06-30). "Kohn Responds to WTC5 Criticisms". Architectural Record. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  2. ↑ "Five World Trade Center". Emporis. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
  3. ↑ "World Trade Center museum deal may lead to land sale: sources". Reuters. September 12, 2012. Retrieved 2013-09-12.
  4. ↑ Dunlap, David (12 January 2011). "10 Years After 9/11, Deutsche Bank Tower Vanishes". New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  5. ↑ "New York Day By Day: Putting Mop to Canvas". The New York Times. September 5, 1984.
  6. ↑ Testimony of Dr. W. Gene Corley, on behalf of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), to Subcommittee on Research, Committee on Science, U. S. House of Representatives, May 1, 2002.
  7. ↑ Naanes, Marlene (2007-06-22). "JP Morgan releases WTC tower plans". am New York. Archived from the original on 2007-12-11. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  8. ↑ Cuozzo, Steve (2008-03-18). "Deal's Downtown Domino". New York Post. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Shapiro, Julie (2009-07-17). "Arts center might swing over to the south side". Downtown Express. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  10. ↑ "Work to Resume at Burned Bank Tower". The New York Times. The Associated Press. May 1, 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Feiden, Doug (2009-05-11). "Agency wants to dump 3 skyscrapers from site, shrinking 2 into ‘stumps’". New York Daily. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
  12. ↑ "Joint Statement on World Trade Center Development". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. 2010-03-25. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
  13. ↑ "NYU Considers WTC for Expansion Plan". NBC New York. 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
  14. ↑ Daily Activities, Lower Manhattan, 2011-04-04, retrieved 2011-03-23
  15. ↑ "World Trade Center South Bathtub / Vehicular Security Center". Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  16. ↑ Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. "130 Liberty Street". Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Tower 5". Silverstein Properties. 2008.
  18. ↑ "Governor Cuomo Signs Agreement to Kick-Start The Rebuilding of the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church in Lower Manhattan". Governor's Press Office, New York. October 14, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  19. ↑ The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey (June 4, 2009). "Ask The Port Authority". Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  20. ↑ Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. "World Trade Center South Bathtub / Vehicular Security Center". Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  21. ↑ Cuozzo, Steve (2007-06-22). "What a Zero!". New York Post. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  22. ↑ Schuerman, Matthew (2007-06-21). "Chase Tower to Shadow Church". The New York Observer. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  23. ↑ "New Port Authority chief Pat Foye addresses audit, W.T.C. in exclusive interview". 2012-03-14. Retrieved September 4, 2013.