First National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
The First National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (PRC), also referred to as the 1953 Chinese Census, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of June 30, 1953. The results were summarized in Chinese newspapers on November 1, 1954. As the full results were not published, they had to subsequently be assembled from Soviet sources over the next five years.
Results
Total Population
The official summaries listed the total population of Mainland China in 1953 as 582,603,417.
Demographics
13.26% of the population (77,257,282 persons) were listed as residing in urban areas comprising 163 cities,[n 1] industrial and mining districts,[n 2] and about 1450 towns.[n 3] Of the urban population, roughly 1 in 12 resided in Shanghai.
Distribution
City | Province | Population 1953 Census[1][2] |
Population previous estimates[3][4] |
Numerical Change | Relative Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Huainan | Anhui | 286,900 | — | — | — |
Bengbu | Anhui | 253,000 | 201,000 | ![]() |
25.87% |
Wuhu | Anhui | 242,100 | 204,000 | ![]() |
18.68% |
Hefei | Anhui | 183,600 | 70,000 | ![]() |
162.3% |
Anqing | Anhui | 105,300 | 121,000 | ![]() |
-12.98% |
Tunqi | Anhui | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Hangzhou | Zhejiang | 696,600 | 518,000 | ![]() |
34.48% |
Ningbo | Zhejiang | 237,500 | 210,000 | ![]() |
13.10% |
Wenzhou | Zhejiang | 201,600 | 157,000 | ![]() |
28.41% |
Shaoxing | Zhejiang | 130,600 | 93,000 | ![]() |
40.43% |
Jiaxing | Zhejiang | 78,300 | 53,000 | ![]() |
47.7% |
Huzhou | Zhejiang | 62,700 | 45,000 | ![]() |
39.3% |
Jinhua | Zhejiang | 46,200 | 23,000 | ![]() |
101% |
Fuzhou | Fujian | 553,000 | 331,000 | ![]() |
67.1% |
Xiamen | Fujian | 224,300 | 158,000 | ![]() |
41.96% |
Quanzhou | Fujian | 107,700 | 121,000 | ![]() |
-10.99% |
Zhangzhou | Fujian | 81,200 | 62,000 | ![]() |
31.0% |
Harbin | Heilongjiang | 1,163,000 | 760,000 | ![]() |
53.03% |
Qiqihar | Heilongjiang | 344,700 | 175,000 | ![]() |
96.97% |
Mudanjiang | Heilongjiang | 151,400 | 200,000 | ![]() |
-24.3% |
Jiamusi | Heilongjiang | 146,000 | 168,000 | ![]() |
-10.7% |
Hegang | Heilongjiang | 90,000 | — | — | — |
Zhengzhou | Henan | 594,700 | 197,000 | ![]() |
201.9% |
Kaifeng | Henan | 299,100 | 303,000 | ![]() |
-1.29% |
Luoyang | Henan | 171,200 | 77,000 | ![]() |
122.3% |
Xinxiang | Henan | 170,500 | — | — | — |
Shangqiu | Henan | 134,400 | 70,000 | ![]() |
92.0% |
Anyang | Henan | 124,900 | 60,000 | ![]() |
108.2% |
Zhoukou | Henan | 85,500 | 200,000 | ![]() |
-57.3% |
Xuchang | Henan | 58,000 | 50,000 | ![]() |
16.0% |
Nanyang | Henan | >50,000 | 50,000 | — | — |
Xinyang | Henan | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Zhumadian | Henan | <50,000 | — | — | — |
Lohe | Henan | <50,000 | — | — | — |
Beijing | Hebei | 2,768,149 | 1,603,000 | ![]() |
72.68% |
Tianjin | Hebei | 2,693,831 | 1,687,000 | ![]() |
59.69% |
Tangshan | Hebei | 693,300 | 137,000 | ![]() |
406.1% |
Shijiazhuang | Hebei | 373,400 | 125,000 | ![]() |
198.7% |
Zhangjiakou | Hebei | 229,300 | 151,000 | ![]() |
51.85% |
Baoding | Hebei | 197,000 | 130,000 | ![]() |
51.5% |
Qinhuangdao | Hebei | 186,800 | 100,000 | ![]() |
86.80% |
Xuanhua | Hebei | 114,100 | — | — | — |
Chengde | Hebei | 92,900 | 60,000 | ![]() |
54.8% |
Hangu | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Handan | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Botou | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Xingtai | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Tongzhou | Hebei | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Changsha | Hunan | 650,600 | 396,000 | ![]() |
64.29% |
Hengyang | Hunan | 235,000 | 181,000 | ![]() |
29.8% |
Xiangtan | Hunan | 183,600 | 83,000 | ![]() |
121.2% |
Zhuzhou | Hunan | 127,300 | — | — | — |
Shaoyang | Hunan | 117,700 | 76,000 | ![]() |
54.87% |
Changde | Hunan | 94,800 | 50,000 | ![]() |
89.6% |
Jingshi | Hunan | >50,000 | 58,000 | — | — |
Yiyang | Hunan | >50,000 | 80,000 | — | — |
Hongjiang | Hunan | <50,000 | — | — | — |
Wuhan | Hubei | 1,427,300 | 1,100,000 | ![]() |
29.73% |
Huangshi | Hubei | 110,500 | — | — | — |
Shashi | Hubei | 85,800 | 114,000 | ![]() |
-24.7% |
Xiangfan | Hubei | 73,300 | 66,000 | ![]() |
11.1% |
Yichang | Hubei | >50,000 | 81,000 | — | — |
Baotou | Inner Mongolia | 149,400 | 82,000 | ![]() |
82.2% |
Hohhot | Inner Mongolia | 148,400 | 110,000 | ![]() |
34.9% |
Ulanhot | Inner Mongolia | 51,400 | — | — | — |
Hailar | Inner Mongolia | 43,200 | 16,000 | ![]() |
170% |
Manzhouli | Inner Mongolia | <50,000 | — | — | — |
Tongliao | Inner Mongolia | <50,000 | — | — | — |
Lanzhou | Gansu | 387,400 | 156,000 | ![]() |
148.3% |
Tianshui | Gansu | 63,000 | 50,000 | ![]() |
26% |
Linxia | Gansu | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Pingliang | Gansu | >50,000 | 55,000 | — | — |
Nanchang | Jiangxi | 398,200 | 267,000 | ![]() |
49.1% |
Ganzhou | Jiangxi | 98,600 | 59,000 | ![]() |
67.1% |
Jingdezhen | Jiangxi | 92,000 | 87,000 | ![]() |
5.7% |
Jiujiang | Jiangxi | 64,600 | 121,000 | ![]() |
-46.6% |
Ji'an | Jiangxi | 52,800 | 69,000 | ![]() |
-23.5% |
Shangrao | Jiangxi | >50,000 | 31,000 | — | — |
Shanghai | Jiangsu | 6,204,417 | 4,300,000 | ![]() |
44.2% |
Nanjing | Jiangsu | 1,091,600 | 1,137,000 | ![]() |
-3.99% |
Wuxi | Jiangsu | 581,500 | 273,000 | ![]() |
113.0% |
Suzhou | Jiangsu | 474,000 | 381,000 | ![]() |
24.4% |
Xuzhou | Jiangsu | 373,200 | 340,000 | ![]() |
9.76% |
Changzhou | Jiangsu | 296,500 | 125,000 | ![]() |
137.2% |
Nantong | Jiangsu | 260,400 | 133,000 | ![]() |
95.79% |
Xinhailian | Jiangsu | 207,600 | 48,000 | ![]() |
332.5% |
Zhenjiang | Jiangsu | 201,400 | 179,000 | ![]() |
12.5% |
Yangzhou | Jiangsu | 180,200 | 127,000 | ![]() |
41.9% |
Taizhou | Jiangsu | 159,800 | 131,000 | ![]() |
22.0% |
Changshu | Jiangsu | 101,400 | 64,000 | ![]() |
58.4% |
Qingjiang | Jiangsu | 77,000 | 47,000 | ![]() |
65% |
Changchun | Jilin | 855,200 | 630,000 | ![]() |
35.75% |
Jilin | Jilin | 435,400 | 247,000 | ![]() |
76.28% |
Tonghua | Jilin | 129,100 | 80,000 | ![]() |
61.4% |
Siping | Jilin | 125,900 | 76,000 | ![]() |
65.7% |
Liaoyuan | Jilin | 120,100 | — | — | — |
Yanji | Jilin | 70,000 | 43,000 | ![]() |
86% |
Nanning | Guangxi | 194,900 | 203,000 | ![]() |
-4.0% |
Liuzhou | Guangxi | 158,800 | 208,000 | ![]() |
-23.65% |
Guilin | Guangxi | 145,100 | 142,000 | ![]() |
2.18% |
Wuzhou | Guangxi | 110,800 | 207,000 | ![]() |
-46.5% |
Guangzhou | Guangdong | 1,598,900 | 1,413,000 | ![]() |
13.16% |
Shantou | Guangdong | 280,400 | 215,000 | ![]() |
30.4% |
Zhanjiang | Guangdong | 166,000 | 268,000 | ![]() |
-38.1% |
Haikou | Guangdong | 135,300 | 60,000 | ![]() |
126% |
Foshan | Guangdong | 122,500 | 96,000 | ![]() |
27.6% |
Chaozhou | Guangdong | 101,300 | 59,000 | ![]() |
71.7% |
Jiangmen | Guangdong | 85,000 | 50,000 | ![]() |
70% |
Shaoguan | Guangdong | 81,700 | 73,000 | ![]() |
11.9% |
Beihai | Guangdong | >50,000 | 36,000 | — | — |
Guiyang | Guizhou | 270,900 | 240,000 | ![]() |
12.9% |
Zunyi | Guizhou | 97,500 | 66,000 | ![]() |
47.7% |
Shenyang | Liaoning | 2,299,900 | 1,121,000 | ![]() |
105.1% |
Dalian | Liaoning | 766,400 | 544,000 | ![]() |
40.88% |
Fushun | Liaoning | 678,600 | 280,000 | ![]() |
142.4% |
Anshan | Liaoning | 548,900 | 166,000 | ![]() |
230.7% |
Benqi | Liaoning | 449,000 | 98,000 | ![]() |
358% |
Andong | Liaoning | 360,000 | 271,000 | ![]() |
32.8% |
Jinzhou | Liaoning | 352,200 | 148,000 | ![]() |
70.4% |
Fuxin | Liaoning | 188,600 | 166,000 | ![]() |
13.6% |
Yingkou | Liaoning | 131,400 | 159,000 | ![]() |
-17.4% |
Lüshun | Liaoning | 126,000 | 27,000 | ![]() |
367% |
Liaoyang | Liaoning | >100,000 | 102,000 | — | — |
Yinchuan | Ningxia | 84,000 | 41,000 | ![]() |
105% |
Wuzhong | Ningxia | <50,000 | — | — | — |
Taiyuan | Shanxi | 720,700 | 252,000 | ![]() |
186.0% |
Datong | Shanxi | 228,500 | 80,000 | ![]() |
185.6% |
Yangquan | Shanxi | 177,400 | — | — | — |
Changzhi | Shanxi | 97,800 | — | — | — |
Yuci | Shanxi | 60,000 | — | — | — |
Qingdao | Shandong | 916,800 | 788,000 | ![]() |
16.35% |
Ji'nan | Shandong | 680,100 | 575,000 | ![]() |
18.3% |
Zibo | Shandong | 184,200 | — | — | — |
Weifang | Shandong | 148,900 | — | — | — |
Jining | Shandong | 86,200 | 150,000 | ![]() |
-42.5% |
Zhangzhou | Shandong | >50,000 | — | — | — |
Linqing | Shandong | <50,000 | 50,000 | — | — |
Dezhou | Shandong | <50,000 | — | — | — |
Weihai | Shandong | <50,000 | 175,000 | — | — |
Xi'an | Shaanxi | 787,300 | 503,000 | ![]() |
56.52% |
Baoji | Shaanxi | 130,100 | 56,000 | ![]() |
150% |
Hanzhong | Shaanxi | >50,000 | 59,000 | — | — |
Xianyang | Shaanxi | >50,000 | 16,000 | — | — |
Urumchi | Xinjiang | 140,700 | 70,000 | ![]() |
101% |
Yining | Xinjiang | 108,200 | — | — | — |
Kashgar | Xinjiang | 91,000 | 50,000 | ![]() |
82% |
Chongqing | Sichuan | 1,772,500 | 1,000,000 | ![]() |
77.3% |
Chengdu | Sichuan | 856,700 | 648,000 | ![]() |
32.21% |
Zigong | Sichuan | 291,300 | 223,000 | ![]() |
30.6% |
Luzhou | Sichuan | 289,000 | 50,000 | ![]() |
478% |
Wutongqiao | Sichuan | 199,100 | — | — | — |
Neijiang | Sichuan | 190,200 | 32,000 | ![]() |
494% |
Yibin | Sichuan | 177,500 | 80,000 | ![]() |
121.9% |
Nanchong | Sichuan | 164,700 | 60,000 | ![]() |
174.5% |
Beipei | Sichuan | >100,000 | — | — | — |
Yaan | Sichuan | 55,200 | — | — | — |
Wanxian | Sichuan | >50,000 | 110,000 | — | — |
Hechuan | Sichuan | >50,000 | 40,000 | — | — |
Lhasa | Tibet | 50,000 | — | — | — |
Xining | Qinghai | 93,700 | 59,000 | ![]() |
58.8% |
Kunming | Yunnan | 698,900 | 300,000 | ![]() |
133.0% |
Gejiu | Yunnan | 159,700 | 16,000 | ![]() |
898% |
Xiaguan | Yunnan | 26,200 | — | — | — |
Controversy
China had never previously had an official national census in the modern period[5] and estimates of its population even in 1911 varied between 200,000,000 and 400,000,000.[6] Mistrust of PRC statistics that saw the number of cities go from 60 under the Nationalist government to 103 within four years and that involved "indirectly survey[ing]" several areas including Tibet led some Western academics like George Cressey to claim, "These inflated figures are designed to impress the world with China's strength, to support claims for a falling death rate, or to supply an excuse for food shortages."[7]
See also
- Demographics of China
- Urbanization in the People's Republic of China
- Second National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
- Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
Notes
References
- ↑ Shiger, A.G. The Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Foreign Countries, 2d ed, pp. 142–144. (Moscow), 1957 (Using 1953 census). Op cit. in Shabad, Theodore. "The Population of China's Cities PDF". Geographical Review, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 32–42. American Geographical Society, Jan. 1959. Accessed 8 October 2011.
- ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 2d ed. (Moscow), 1958. Op cit. in Shabad, supra.
- ↑ Trewartha, G.T. "Chinese Cities: Numbers and Distribution". Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 41, pp. 331–347. 1951 (Using prior surveys from 1922–1948). Op cit. in Shabad, supra.
- ↑ Seltzer, L.E. (ed.) Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World. (New York), 1952 (Using prior surveys from 1948). Op cit. in Shabad, supra.
- ↑ Alexander, John W. "The Prewar Population of China: Distribution and Density". Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 1 ff. Taylor & Francis, Ltd, Mar. 1948.
- ↑ Encyclopedia Britannica. "China". 1911.
- ↑ Cressey, George B. Land of the 500 Million, p. 9. 1955. Op. cit. in Shabad, supra.