Fermented milk products
Dadiah is a traditional fermented milk of West Sumatra, Indonesia prepared with fresh, raw and unheated buffalo milk
Fermented milk products, also known as cultured dairy foods, cultured dairy products, or cultured milk products, are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Leuconostoc. The fermentation process increases the shelf-life of the product, while enhancing the taste and improving the digestibility of milk. There is evidence that fermented milk products have been produced since around 10,000 BC.[1] A range of different Lactobacilli strains has been grown in laboratories allowing for a wide range of cultured milk products with different tastes.
Products
Many different types of cultured milk products can be found around the world.
Soured milk
| Country/region of origin | Product(s) |
|---|---|
| acidophilus milk | |
| buttermilk | |
| cheese | |
| curd | |
| Armenia | matzoon |
| Arab World | leben, kishk |
| Central Asia | ayran, chal/shubat, kumis, qurt, qatyq, tan, yogurt |
| Brittany | laezh-ribod |
| Bulgaria | kiselo mlyako |
| Czech Republic | kefir or Acidofilni mleko |
| Denmark | kærnemælk, tykmælk, and ymer |
| Dominican Republic | Boruga |
| Estonia | soured milk and kefir |
| Finland | piimä and viili |
| Germany | Sauermilch or Dickmilch (soured milk or thickened milk) |
| Georgia | matsoni |
| Greece | Xynogalo or Xynogala |
| Hungary | aludttej |
| Iceland | skyr and súrmjólk |
| India | dahi, lassi, chaas, mattha, mishti doi and shrikhand |
| Indonesia | dadiah |
| Iran | doogh, kashk |
| Middle East | leben |
| Japan | calpis |
| Latvia | rūgušpiens, kefīrs |
| Lithuania | rūgpienis, kefir |
| Macedonia | kiselo mleko |
| Mexico | jocoque |
| Netherlands | karnemelk (buttermilk) |
| Norway | surmelk or kulturmelk, kefir, and tjukkmjølk[2] |
| Pakistan | dahi and lassi |
| Poland | kwaśne or zsiadłe mleko (soured milk) and kefir |
| Romania | lapte bătut, lapte acru, kefir and sana |
| Russia, Ukraine, Belarus | kefir, prostokvasha, ryazhenka and varenets |
| Rwanda | kivuguto |
| Scotland | blaand |
| Serbia | kiselo mleko and yogurt |
| Slovakia | kefir or acidofilne mlieko |
| Slovenia | kislo mleko |
| South Africa | amasi ("maas" in Afrikaans) |
| Sweden | filmjölk, långfil and A-fil (fil is the short form of filmjölk) |
| Turkic countries | ayran, qatiq |
| United States | clabber |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | kiselo mlijeko and kefir |
| Zimbabwe | lacto |
| Burundi | urubu |
| Kenya | kule naoto, maziwa lala |
| Ethiopia | ergo |
| Sudan | rob |
Soured cream
| Country/region of origin | Product(s) |
|---|---|
| cheese | |
| sour cream | |
| Central Asia | kaimak |
| Central & Eastern Europe | smetana |
| Croatia | mileram/kiselo vrhnje |
| Finland | kermaviili |
| France | crème fraîche |
| Iceland | sýrður rjómi |
| Hungary | tejföl |
| Latvia | skābais krējums |
| Lithuania | grietinė |
| Mexico | crema/cream espesa |
| Norway | rømme |
| Romania | smântână |
| Serbia | kisela pavlaka |
| Sweden | gräddfil |
Comparison chart
| Product | Alternative names | Typical milkfat content | Typical shelf life at 4°C | Fermentation agent | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheese | 1-75% | varies | a variety of bacteria and/or mold | Any number of solid fermented milk products. | |
| Crème fraîche | creme fraiche | 30-40% | 10 days[1] | naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria in cream | Mesophilic fermented cream, originally from France; higher-fat variant of sour cream |
| Cultured sour cream | sour cream | 14–40% | 4 weeks[1] | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis*[3] | Mesophilic fermented pasteurized cream with an acidity of at least 0.5%. Rennet extract may be added to make a thicker product.[3] Lower fat variant of crème fraîche |
| Filmjölk | fil | 0.1-4.5% | 10–14 days[1] | Lactococcus lactis* and Leuconostoc[4][5] | Mesophilic fermented milk, originally from Scandinavia |
| Yogurt | yoghurt, yogourt, yoghourt | 0.5–4% | 35–40 days[1] | Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus[3] | Thermophilic fermented milk, cultured with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus |
| Kefir | kephir, kewra, talai, mudu kekiya, milkkefir, búlgaros | 0-4% | 10–14 days[1] | Kefir grains, a mixture of bacteria and yeasts | A fermented beverage, originally from the Caucasus region, made with kefir grains; can be made with any sugary liquid, such as milk from mammals, soy milk, or fruit juices |
| Kumis | koumiss, kumiss, kymys, kymyz, airag, chigee | 4%? | 10–14 days[1] | Lactobacilli and yeasts | A carbonated fermented milk beverage traditionally made from horse milk |
| Viili | filbunke | 0.1-3.5% | 14 days[1] | Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis* biovar. diacetylactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris and Geotrichum candidum[6] | Mesophilic fermented milk that may or may not contain fungus on the surface; originally from Sweden; a Finnish specialty[6] |
| Cultured buttermilk | 1–2% | 10 days[1] | Lactococcus lactis*[3] (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis*, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis biovar. diacetylactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris)[1] | Mesophilic fermented pasteurized milk | |
| Acidophilus milk | acidophilus cultured milk | 0.5-2% | 2 weeks[1] | Lactobacillus acidophilus[1][3] | Thermophilic fermented milk, often lowfat (2%, 1.5%) or nonfat (0.5%), cultured with Lactobacillus acidophilus |
* Streptococcus lactis has been renamed to Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis[7]
See also
- Cuisine of Bulgaria
- Cuisine of Finland
- Cuisine of Germany
- Cuisine of Netherlands
- Cuisine of Norway
- Cuisine of Poland
- Cuisine of Romania
- Cuisine of South Africa
- Cuisine of Sweden
- List of dairy products
- List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fermented milk products. |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 "Fermented Milk Products". Canadian Dairy Commission. 2007-06-06. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
- ↑ "From local food to terroir product ? - Some views about Tjukkmjølk, the traditional thick sour milk from Røros, Norway". 2005-05-04. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 pavlaka "Newer Knowledge of Dairy Foods: Other: Kinds of Other Dairy Foods". National Dairy Council. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ↑ "Filmjölk" (in Swedish). Arla Foods. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
- ↑ "Ekologisk filmjölk" (in Swedish). Arla Foods. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Viili: the Finnish specialty" (PDF). Valio Foods & Functionals (Valio) 2003 (2): 4–5. 2003. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ↑ Schleifer KH, Kraus J, Dvorak C, Kilpper-Balz R, Collins MD, Fischer W (1985). "Transfer of Streptococcus lactis and related streptococci to the. genus Lactococcus gen. nov.". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 6: 183–195. doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(85)80052-7. ISSN 0723-2020.