FS Class D.445

FS class D.445
D.445.1016 in the original livery
Type and origin
Power type	Diesel
Builder	FIAT
Build date	1974-1988
Specifications
UIC classification	B' B'
Wheel diameter	1.040 m (40.94 in)
Wheelbase	8,460 m (27,755 ft 10.9 in) between bogie pivots
Length	17.800 m (58 ft 4.8 in)
Width	3.000 m (9 ft 10.1 in)
Height	4.280 m (14 ft 0.5 in)
Locomotive weight	73 t (72 long tons; 80 short tons)
Fuel type	Naphtha, Diesel fuel
Traction motors	DC series
Transmission	64/25
Performance figures
Maximum speed	130 km/h (81 mph)
Power output	1,435 kW (1,924 hp), 1,140 kW or 1,530 hp with all auxiliary equipment and carriage heating generator running
Tractive effort	220 kN (49,000 lb_f)
Locomotive brake	Oerlikon FV4a
Career
Operator(s)	FS Trenitalia
Number in class	150
Disposition	In service

The Class D.445 is a class of diesel locomotives used by the italian Ferrovie dello Stato (FS) railway company and by Trenord. 150 units were built between 1974 and 1988, divided into three series.

History

The D.445 represented an evolution of the FS Class D.443 engine, maintaining the predecessor's reliability and operational capabilities. At the beginning of the 1970s FS, during a plan aimed at the expansion and modernization of current service, designed a new version of an unified diesel engine which could also resolve the issue of supplying power to heat carriages in an efficient way through a high voltage Head end power supply (REC) fed by a secondary generator. Previous diesel locomotives were not provided with this and so required the use of a generator wagon (Carro Riscaldo), leading to increased weight. The first series of locomotives, introduced from 1974, were built with curved front windscreens which would be later replaced by cheaper and sturdier flat ones.

In 1979 a second series was ordered, fitted with equipment for use with control cars. At the end of the 1980s the whole group consisted of 150 units which allowed the retirement of the then old D.341 and D.342 locomotives.

Description

The locomotive follows the general unified characteristics of other engines about the chassis and mechanical design. The biggest differences are inside the electrical part: the two MTSC 039/19 DC motors (permanently in parallel) are fed by a three-phase AC generator (in place of a DC one as previous locomotives) through a Graetz Bridge. A high tension secondary DC generator provides a 300 kW (400 hp)/2750 V output, able to supply enough power for 7/10 coaches depending on the type of climatising equipment installed.

The prime mover is a diesel engine is produced by FIAT, type A210-12 supercharged with 12 90° “V” cylinders with a displacement of 95.7 L (5,840 cu in) that produces 1,560 kW (2,090 hp) at 1500 rpm. The engine is cooled by a forced circulation of cooling fluid through radiators with two hydraulically driven fans. The alternator is controlled by an electronic PWM control unit which is commanded by a 13 step regulator.

Technical details

1st series units originally had curved windscreens, replaced in the 1980s by flat glas, later used on 2nd and 3rd series units. The locomotives have a Bo'Bo' wheel arrangement with a maximum allowed speed is 130 km/h (81 mph). Like most FS stock, some D.445 have received the XMPR color scheme (white, green, blue).

1st series

The first series consists of 35 units (Numbered from 1001 to 1035), in green-isabella livery. Equipped with three headlights, weren't provided with remote command system, applied starting from October 1996. They still had curved frontal glass panes.

2nd series

The second series has 20 units (Numbered from 1036 to 1055), in the Navetta orange/purple livery used by push-pull trains. The main difference between 1st and 2nd series units was the addition of remote control equipment for use with control cars.

3rd series

The third series has 95 units (Numbered from 1056 to 1150), in the same push-pull livery as the 2nd series. These units have five lights on each cab (three headlights and two red tail lights). Like 2nd series, they can be controlled by a control carriage.

Sources

Cervigni, Vittorio (1984). "Locomotive diesel D.445". iTreni oggi (41).
Ferrovie dello Stato. D.445 technical documentation.

Classes of Ferrovie dello Stato locomotives

Steam

Tender locomotives	100 102 103 110^I 110^II 111 112 113 114 116 117 118 119^I 119^II 120 121 122 136 139 140 150 155 158 160 161 162 163 164 170 180 181^I 181^II 182^I 182^II 183 185 186 187 190 193 194 195 196 197 198 200 201 206 207 208 209 211 212 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 255 260 261 262 265 268 269 270 271 272 290 291 292 293 310 320 380 385 388 390 391 394 395 396 397 400 410 420 421 422 423 424 425 450 451 452 453 454 455 460 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 482 499^I 499^II 500 510 512 513 530 540^I 540^II 542 543 545 550 552 553 554 555 556 560 600 601 603 604 605 606 607 623 625 626 630 640^I 640^II 645 650 652 653 656 660 666 670 671 672 675 676 677 680 681 682 683^I 683^II 685 686 687 688 690^I 690^II 691 720 728 729 730 731 735 736 737 740 741^I 741^II 743^I 743^II 744 745 746 747^I 747^II 750

Tank locomotives	800^I 800^II 801 802^I 802^II 803^I 803^II 804 805 806 809 810^I 810^II 811 812 813 814 815^I 815^II 815^III 816 817 818 819 820^I 820^II 821^I 821^II 822 823 824 825 826^I 826^II 827 828^I 828^II 828^III 829 830^I 830^II 831 835 842 848 849 850^I 850^II 851 870 871 874^I 874^II 875 876 877 880^I 880^II 881 882 885 893 894 895 896^I 896^II 897 898 899^I 899^II 900 902 904 905 906 910 912 915 940 950 980 981 999

Narrow gauge locomotives	R.201 R.202 R.300 R.301 R.302 R.305 R.306 R.310 R.370 R.401 R.402 R.410 R.440 R.441 R.442 R.443 R.600 P U

Electric

Rechargeable battery	E.421

650 V DC Third rail	E.220 E.320 E.321 E.420 E.620

3,6 kV AC Three-Phase	E.330 E.331 E.332 E.333 E.360 E.380 E.390 E.430 E.431 E.432 E.550 E.551 E.552 E.554

10,6 kV AC Three-Phase	E.470 E.471 E.472 E.570

3 kV DC	E.321 E.322 E.323 E.324 E.326 E.400 E.402A E.402B E.403 E.404 E.405 E.412 E.414 E.424 E.428 E.434 E.444 E.444R E.447 E.453 E.454 E.464 E.621 E.625 E.626 E.632 E.633 E.636 E.645 E.646 E.652 E.655 E.656

25 kV AC	E.491 E.492

Diesel

Light shunters	206 207 208^I 208^II 209 210 211 R.212 213^I 213^II 214 215 216 218^I

Shunters	218^II 225 234 235 236 245 250 255

Heavy shunters	Ne 120 D.141 RD.142 D.143 D.145 D.146 D.147 356 372 Ne 700

Train locomotives	D.341 D.342 D.343 D.345 D.442 D.443 D.445 D.449 D.461

see also Category:Rolling stock of Italy