Ezker abertzalea

Interview with Arnaldo Otegi (2009), a leading figure of the Basque nationalist left

The term Ezker abertzalea (Basque for "patriotic left";^[1][2] translated in Spanish as izquierda nacionalista radical vasca, "Basque radical nationalist left"^[3]) is used to refer to the parties or organizations of the Basque nationalist/separatist left, stretching from social democracy to communism.

This leftist character is highlighted in contrast to the traditional jeltzale nationalism^[4] represented by the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV), a conservative and Christian-democratic party, which has long been the largest in the Basque Country. The first examples of abertzale parties are the Basque Nationalist Republican Party (EAAE-PRNV), active from 1909 to 1913,^[5] and the Basque Nationalist Action (EAE-ANV), active from 1930 to 2008.^[6] They represented the non-confessional Basque nationalist references when ETA was formed in 1959 by younger generations. Ezker abertzalea (or, in Spanish, izquierda abertzale) is notably used when referring to the leftist-nationalist environment of Batasuna, an outlawed political party.^[7]

More recently, in 1986, a left-wing splinter group of EAJ-PNV led by Carlos Garaikoetxea formed a new social-democratic party, Basque Solidarity (EA). After ETA's permanent ceasefire (2010), EA engaged in a convergence process with the scattered historic Basque nationalist left closer to ETA. In 2011–2012, they joined forces in forming a succession of coalitions: Bildu, Amaiur and, finally, Euskal Herria Bildu. A group of former members of Batasuna were identified by the media as independents of izquierda abertzale.^[8][9][10]

References