Erigeron

Fleabane
Erigeron glaucus, Seaside Daisy
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Astereae
Genus: Erigeron
L.
Synonyms[1]
  • Astradelphus J.Rémy
  • Polyactis Less.
  • Dimorphanthes Cass.
  • Fragmosa Raf.
  • Woodvillea DC.
  • Stenactis Cass.
  • Terranea Colla
  • Conyzoides Fabr.
  • Trimorpha Cass.
  • Eschenbachia Moench
  • Brachyactis Ledeb.
  • Musteron Raf.
  • Heterochaeta DC. 1836, illegitimate homonym not Besser 1827 (Poaceae)
  • Polyactidium DC.
  • Wyomingia A.Nelson
  • Fimbrillaria Cass.
  • Trimorphaea Cass.
  • Phalacroloma Cass.
  • Asterigeron Rydb.
  • Achaetogeron A.Gray
  • Gusmania J.Rémy
  • Diplemium Raf.

Erigeron (/ɨˈrɪdʒərɒn/)[2] is a large genus of plants in the daisy family.[3] It is sometimes confused with other closely related genera, Aster and the true daisy Bellis. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in dry, mountainous areas and grassland, with the highest diversity in North America.[4][5][3][6][7]

Etymology

The most widely used common name, fleabane, is shared with related plants in several other genera. It is derived from the belief that the dried plants repelled fleas. The generic name Erigeron is derived from the Greek (eri = early; geron = old man), a reference to the appearance of the white hairs of the fruit soon after flowering.[8] The Ancient Greek word γέρων is masculine,[9] so that specific epithets should have masculine endings (e.g. glaucus). However, authors have incorrectly used neuter endings (e.g. glaucum), as Augustin Pyramus de Candolle did in his 1836 account of the genus.[10]

Description

The species may be annuals, biennials or perennials. They are well-branched with erect stems, characterized by their numerous white, lavender or pink ray flowers and yellow disc flowers. Some members of this group have no ray flowers. The pappus (= modified calyx, forming a crown) is shorter than in Aster, and consists of bristles. The ray florets are narrower than in Aster, but are clearly longer than the involucre (= whorled bracts).

Cultivation

Many species are used as ornamental plants, with numerous named cultivars such as 'Wayne Roderick', 'Charity', 'Foersters Liebling' and 'Dunkelste aller' ("The darkest of all" with semi-double, deep violet flower heads).[11]

Ecology

Erigeron species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix angustata, Coleophora squamosella (which feeds exclusively on E. acris), Schinia intermontana, Schinia obscurata (both of which also feed exclusively on Erigeron), Schinia sexata (which feeds exclusively on E. glabellus) and Schinia villosa.

Selected species

  • Erigeron abajoensis – Abajo fleabane
  • Erigeron accedens
  • Erigeron acris – Blue Fleabane
  • Erigeron acomanus – Bluewater Fleabane
  • Erigeron acutatus
  • Erigeron aequifolius – Hall's Fleabane, Hall's Daisy
  • Erigeron alaskanus
  • Erigeron alcicornutus
  • Erigeron algidus – Stalked Fleabane
  • Erigeron aliceae – Alice Eastwood's Fleabane
  • Erigeron allocotus – Big Horn Fleabane
  • Erigeron alpinus – Alpine Erigeron
  • Erigeron anchana – Sierra Ancha Fleabane
  • Erigeron angustatus
  • Erigeron annuus – Eastern Daisy Fleabane
  • Erigeron aphanactis – Rayless Shaggy Fleabane
  • Erigeron arenarioides – Sand Fleabane
  • Erigeron argentatus – Silver Fleabane
  • Erigeron arisolius – Arid Throne Fleabane
  • Erigeron arizonicus – Arizona Fleabane
  • Erigeron asperugineus – Idaho Fleabane
  • Erigeron atticus - Greek Fleabane
  • Erigeron aurantiacus – Orange Daisy
  • Erigeron aureus – Alpine Yellow Fleabane
  • Erigeron austiniae
  • Erigeron awapensis – Awapa Fleabane
  • Erigeron barbarensis
  • Erigeron barbellatus – Shining Fleabane
  • Erigeron basalticus – Basalt Fleabane
  • Erigeron bellidiastrum – Western Daisy Fleabane
  • Erigeron bellioides
  • Erigeron bigelovii – Bigelow's Fleabane
  • Erigeron biolettii – Biolett's Erigeron
  • Erigeron bistiensis
  • Erigeron blochmaniae – Blochman's Erigeron
  • Erigeron bloomeri – Scabland Fleabane
  • Erigeron borealis – Alpine Fleabane
  • Erigeron breviscapinus – Life Flower
  • Erigeron breweri – Brewer's Fleabane
  • Erigeron caespitosus (syn. E. hyperboreus) – Tufted Fleabane
  • Erigeron calvus
  • Erigeron canus – Hoary Fleabane
  • Erigeron cascadensis – Cascade Fleabane
  • Erigeron caucasicus
  • Erigeron cervinus – Siskiyou Fleabane
  • Erigeron chrysopsidis – Dwarf Yellow Fleabane, Golden Daisy/Fleabane (yellow ray flowers).
  • Erigeron cinereus
  • Erigeron clokeyi – Clokey's Fleabane
  • Erigeron colomexicanus – Running Fleabane
  • Erigeron compactus – Fern-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron compositus – Cut-leaf Fleabane, Dwarf Mountain Fleabane (with or without ray flowers)
  • Erigeron concinnus – Navajo Fleabane
  • Erigeron consimilis – Foothill Fleabane
  • Erigeron corymbosus – Long-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron coulteri – Large Mountain Fleabane
  • Erigeron crenatus
  • Erigeron cronquistii – Cronquist's Fleabane
  • Erigeron cuneifolius – Wedge-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron darrellianus – Darrell's Fleabane
  • Erigeron decumbens – Willamette Fleabane
  • Erigeron delicatus
  • Erigeron delphinifolius
  • Erigeron disparipilus – White Cushion Fleabane
  • Erigeron divergens – Spreading Fleabane
  • Erigeron eatonii – Eaton's Fleabane
  • Erigeron elatior – Tall Fleabane
  • Erigeron elatus
  • Erigeron elegantulus – Blue Dwarf Fleabane
  • Erigeron elmeri
  • Erigeron engelmannii – Engelmann's Fleabane
  • Erigeron evermannii – Evermann's Fleabane
  • Erigeron eximius – Spruce-fir Fleabane
  • Erigeron filifolius – Thread-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron flabellifolius – Fan-leaf Fleabane.
  • Erigeron flagellaris – Trailing Fleabane
  • Erigeron flettii – Flett's Fleabane
  • Erigeron foliosus – Leafy Fleabane
  • Erigeron formosissimus – Beautiful Fleabane
  • Erigeron fragilis
  • Erigeron frigidus
  • Erigeron frondeus
  • Erigeron fruticetorum
  • Erigeron fuertesii
  • Erigeron furcatus
  • Erigeron garrettii – Garrett's Fleabane
  • Erigeron geiseri – Geiser's Fleabane
  • Erigeron glabellus – Streamside Fleabane
  • Erigeron glabratus
  • Erigeron glaucus – Beach Aster, Beach Daisy, Seaside Daisy
  • Erigeron goodrichii – Uinta Mountain Fleabane
  • Erigeron gracilis – Quill Fleabane
  • Erigeron grandiflorus – Large-flower Fleabane
  • Erigeron heliographis – Heliograph Peak Fleabane
  • Erigeron hessii – Hess' Fleabane
  • Erigeron howellii – Howell's Fleabane
  • Erigeron hultenii – Hulten's Fleabane
  • Erigeron humilis – Arctic-alpine Fleabane
  • Erigeron hungaricus – endemic to the Tatra Mountains
  • Erigeron hybridus
  • Erigeron hyssopifolius – Hyssop-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron inornatus – California Rayless Fleabane
  • Erigeron jamaicensis – Jamaica Fleabane
  • Erigeron jonesii – Jones' Fleabane
  • Erigeron kachinensis – Kachina Fleabane
  • Erigeron karvinskianus – Latin American Fleabane
  • Erigeron kuschei – Chiricahua Fleabane
  • Erigeron lackschewitzii
  • Erigeron lanatus – Woolly Fleabane
  • Erigeron lassenianus – Mt. Lassen Fleabane
  • Erigeron latus – Broad Fleabane
  • Erigeron leibergii – Leiberg's Fleabane
  • Erigeron leiomerus – Rockslide Yellow Fleabane
  • Erigeron lemmonii – Lemmon's Fleabane
  • Erigeron linearis – Desert Yellow Fleabane
  • Erigeron lobatus – Lobed Fleabane
  • Erigeron lonchophyllus – Shortray Fleabane
  • Erigeron maguirei – Maguire's Fleabane
  • Erigeron mairei – Atlas Mountains Fleabane
  • Erigeron mancus – Depauperate Fleabane
  • Erigeron maniopotamicus – Mad River Fleabane
  • Erigeron melanocephalus – Black-head Fleabane
  • Erigeron mexiae – Mex's Fleabane
  • Erigeron miser – Starved Fleabane
  • Erigeron miyabeanus – Japanese Fleabane
  • Erigeron modestus – Plains Fleabane
  • Erigeron muirii – Muir's Fleabane
  • Erigeron multiceps – Kern River Fleabane
  • Erigeron multiradiatus – Himalayan Fleabane
  • Erigeron myosotis
  • Erigeron nanus – Dwarf Fleabane
  • Erigeron nauseosus – Marysvale Fleabane
  • Erigeron neglectus
  • Erigeron nematophyllus – Needle-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron neomexicanus – New Mexico Fleabane
  • Erigeron ochroleucus – Buff Fleabane
  • Erigeron oharai
  • Erigeron oreganus – Gorge Fleabane
  • Erigeron oreophilus – Chaparral Fleabane
  • Erigeron ovinus – Sheep Fleabane
  • Erigeron oxyphyllus – Wand Fleabane
  • Erigeron parishii – Parish's Fleabane
  • Erigeron peregrinus – Wandering Fleabane, Subalpine Fleabane, Foreign Fleabane
  • Erigeron petrophilus – Cliff Fleabane, Rock daisy (no ray flowers)
  • Erigeron philadelphicus – Philadelphia Fleabane/Daisy
  • Erigeron pinnatisectus – Feather-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron piperianus – Piper's Fleabane
  • Erigeron piscaticus – Fish Creek Fleabane
  • Erigeron poliospermus – Purple Cushion Fleabane
  • Erigeron pringlei – Pringle's Fleabane
  • Erigeron procumbens – Corpus Christi Fleabane
  • Erigeron proselyticus – Professor's Fleabane
  • Erigeron pubescens – Hairy Fleabane
  • Erigeron pulchellus – Robin's Plantain
  • Erigeron pulcherrimus – Basin Fleabane
  • Erigeron pumilus – Shaggy Fleabane
  • Erigeron purpuratus – Purple Fleabane
  • Erigeron pygmaeus – Pygmy Fleabane
  • Erigeron quercifolius – Oak-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron radicatus – Tap-root Fleabane
  • Erigeron reductus
  • Erigeron religiosus – Clear Creek Fleabane
  • Erigeron rhizomatus – Zuni Fleabane
  • Erigeron roylei – Royle's Fleabane
  • Erigeron rybius – Royal Fleabane
  • Erigeron rydbergii – Rydberg's Fleabane
  • Erigeron salishii – Star Peak Fleabane
  • Erigeron salmonensis – Salmon River Fleabane
  • Erigeron sanctarum – Saints Fleabane
  • Erigeron saxatilis – Rock Fleabane
  • Erigeron sceptrifer – Scepter-bearing Fleabane
  • Erigeron scopulinus – Winn Falls Fleabane
  • Erigeron serpentinus
  • Erigeron simplex – One-stem Fleabane
  • Erigeron sionis – Zion Fleabane
  • Erigeron sivinskii
  • Erigeron socorrensis
  • Erigeron speciosus – Aspen Fleabane
  • Erigeron strigosus – Prairie Fleabane
  • Erigeron subglaber – Hairless Fleabane
  • Erigeron subtrinervis – Three-nerve Fleabane
  • Erigeron supplex – Supple Fleabane
  • Erigeron tenellus – Rio Grande Fleabane
  • Erigeron tener – Slender Fleabane
  • Erigeron tenuis – Slender-leaf Fleabane
  • Erigeron thunbergii – Thunberg's Fleabane
  • Erigeron tweedyi – Tweedy's Fleabane
  • Erigeron uintahensis – Uinta Fleabane
  • Erigeron uncialis – Lone Fleabane
  • Erigeron uniflorus – One-flowered Fleabane
  • Erigeron untermannii – Indian Canyon Fleabane
  • Erigeron ursinus – Bear River Fleabane
  • Erigeron utahensis – Utah Fleabane
  • Erigeron vagus – Rambling Fleabane
  • Erigeron velutipes
  • Erigeron vernus – Early White-top Fleabane
  • Erigeron versicolor – Sonora Fleabane
  • Erigeron vetensis – Early Blue-top Fleabane
  • Erigeron viscosum
  • Erigeron vreelandii
  • Erigeron watsonii – Watson's Fleabane
  • Erigeron wilkenii – Wilken's Fleabane
  • Erigeron yukonensis – Yukon Fleabane
  • Erigeron zothecinus – Lake Powell Fleabane

References

  1. ↑ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book (6th ed.). 1995. pp. 606–607. ISBN 978-0-376-03850-0.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nesom, Guy L (2006), "Erigeron", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+, Flora of North America 20, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 256
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 863-865 in Latin
  5. ↑ Tropicos, Erigeron L.
  6. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
  7. ↑ The Plant List, search for Erigeron
  8. ↑ Hyam, R. & Pankhurst, R.J. (1995). Plants and their names : a concise dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-19-866189-4.
  9. ↑ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "γέρων". Greek-English Lexicon. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
  10. ↑ de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1836). "Erigeron". Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. pp. 283–296. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
  11. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Erigeron 'Dunkelste Aller'". Retrieved 17 July 2013.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Erigeron.
Wikispecies has information related to: Erigeron