Enzo Galbiati

Enzo Emilio Galbiati (23 May 1897 – 23 May 1982) was an Italian soldier and fascist politician.

Biography

Born in Monza, Galbiati was a lieutenant in the Italian Army's elite Arditi during the First World War. He was wounded in action in 1917.[1] Whilst still in the army (he was demobilised in 1920) he joined the Monza fascio in 1919 and became the leader of the squadristi.[1] Involved in the March on Rome, Galbiati gained a reputation for his brutality as a squad leader and in 1924 he charged with, although later acquitted of, murder.[1] As a Blackshirt consul Galbiati was involved in the 1924 'revolt of the consuls'[1] when in late 1924 thirty leading fascists entered the offices of Benito Mussolini in an attempt to force him to overcome the political impasse that followed the Matteoti Crisis.[2]

From 1925 to the following year Galbiati was out of the fascist movement after Mussolini expelled him for his involvement in the 'revolt'.[1] However he was soon readmitted and once again became a leading figure in the Blackshirts, suffering further war wounds in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.[1] Returning to Italy he was appointed inspector of university militias and had risen to the rank of Luogotenente Generale in the Blackshirts by the time Italy entered the Second World War.[1] He saw service in the Italian invasion of Albania before in May 1941 succeeding Achille Starace as Blackshirt Chief of Staff.[1] By 1943 he was the national commander of the MSVN, the Fascists Militias.[3]

Despite his earlier involvement in the consuls' revolt Galbiati became a staunch Mussolini loyalist in later years and opposed the motion against him in 1943. On the morning of July 25 he proposed to Mussolini to arrest the nineteen gerarchi who had voted for the OdG Grandi, but he refused. After knowing at 19 o'clock that Mussolini had been arrested, the main seat of the MVSN in Viale Romania was surrounded by army units. Galbiati, who was in his office, ordered the MVSN not to provoke incidents. Although the majority of his officers wanted to react, after consulting with four generals he called the under-secretary to the interiors Albini declaring that the MVSN would have "remained faithful to its principles, that is to serve the fatherland through its pair, Duce and King." [4] After that, it was clear that the Blackshirts would have not reacted to the putsch. Short before midnight he was ordered to hand over to the army general Armellini.[5] Galbiati capitulated to Grandi's men and it has been argued that it was this that cost him high office in the Italian Social Republic.[1] He served 11 months in prison after the war, before largely disappearing from the public eye.[1]

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, 1990, p. 144
  2. ↑ Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism, 1914-1945, 1995, pp. 114-5
  3. ↑ Philip Morgan, The Fall of Mussolini, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 16
  4. ↑ Rastrelli (2007) p. 31
  5. ↑ Bianchi (1963), p. 732