Emperor of the Serbs

The Emperor of the Serbs or Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks (Serbian: Цар Срба и Грка, Car Srba i Grka, Greek: Bασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτoκράτωρ Σερβίας καὶ Pωμανίας) was the imperial title used during the Serbian Empire (1345–1371), by only two monarchs; Stefan Uroš IV Dušan the Mighty and Stefan Uroš V the Weak.

History

Coronation of Stefan Uroš IV Dušan.

In 1345 Stefan Uroš IV Dušan proclaimed himself Emperor (Tsar) and was crowned as such at Skopje on 16 April 1346 by the newly created Patriarch of Serbia, and by the Patriarch of Bulgaria and the autocephalous Archbishop of Ohrid.^[1] His imperial title was recognised by Bulgaria and various other neighbors and trading partners but not by the Byzantine Empire.

When Stefan Uroš IV Dušan died in 1355, his son Stefan Uroš V became the next "Emperor of the Serb and Greeks". The new emperor's uncle Simeon Uroš contested the succession and claimed the same titles as a dynast in Thessaly. After his death around 1370, he was succeeded in his claims by his son John Uroš, who retired to a monastery in about 1373.

With the extinction of the House of Nemanjić in Serbia in 1371, the imperial title became obsolete. The royal title was preserved by Vukašin Mrnjavčević, a Serbian ruler in Macedonia, who had been associated by Stefan Uroš V as king, but lapsed on the death of his son Marko in 1395. The Bosnian ban Tvrtko I also assumed the Serbian royal title, but he and his heirs reigned as kings of Serbs and Bosnia, while Serbian part in fact remained under the rule of princes, occasionally granted the Byzantine title of despotēs.

Post-nemanyid ruler Lazar Hrebeljanović is referred to as Tsar Lazar in Serbian epic tradition, although he never wore the title.

Emperors (1346–1371)

Portrait	Name	Emperor From	Emperor Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
	Stefan Uroš IV Dušan the Mighty	16 April 1346	20 December 1355	Son of Stefan Uroš III Dečanski
	Stefan Uroš V the Weak	20 December 1355	2/4 December 1371	Son of Stefan Uroš IV Dušan

Empress of Serbia

As consorts of the Serbian Emperor, the following wore the title:

• Helena of Bulgaria, married Stefan Uroš IV Dušan on 19 April 1332, regent of Serbia between 1355–1356

Titular emperors

Portrait	Name	Real title	Claiming years	Relationship with Nemanjić
	Simeon Uroš	Despot of Epirus and Thessaly	1356–1370	Uncle of Stefan Uroš V. He was appointed governor in the southwestern conquered regions in 1348. He proclaimed himself "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" in 1356, after the death of Dušan, however against the wishes of nobility of Serbia proper and Macedonia.
	Jovan Uroš	Ruler of Thessaly	1370–1373	Son of Simeon Uroš. Succeeded his father as titular Emperor and ruled an area of Thessaly before taking monastic vows. In 1384–1385 he helped his sister Empress Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina govern Epirus.

Titular empresses of Serbia

As relatives to the Serbian Emperors or claimants to that title, the following claimed it:^[2]

• Teodora-Evdokija, daughter of Stefan Uroš III, wife of Dejan
• Ana-Marija, wife of Jovan Oliver
• Maria Angelina, daughter of Simeon Uroš, wife of despot Toma Preljubović, ruled Epirus in ca. 1384
• Jefimija, wife of Uglješa Mrnjavčević

Titular emperor of Serbia

Portrait	Name	Emperor From	Emperor Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
	Jovan Nenad the Black	1526	1527	He himself claimed to be "a descendant of Serbian and Byzantine rulers"

See also

• Dušan's Code
• History of Serbia
• List of Serbian monarchs

References

Sources

• Istorijsko Društvo NR Srbije (1953). Istorijski glasnik (in Serbian) 1–2. Naučna knjiga. 
• Soulis, George Christos (1984). The Serbs and Byzantium during the reign of Tsar Stephen Dušan (1331-1355) and his successors. Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection. ISBN 978-0-88402-137-7.