Ellobiidae
| Ellobiidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A live but retracted individual of Laemodonta siamensis on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura |
| Superfamily: | Ellobioidea Pfeiffer, 1854 |
| Family: | Ellobiidae Pfeiffer, 1854 |
| Diversity[1] | |
| about 250 valid specific names | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Melampidae Stimpson, 1851 | |
Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.[2] Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[3]
Anatomy
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 16 and 20 (according to the values in this table).[4]
They have a distinctive mode of locomotion arising due to a split sole. The front part of the sole is attached to something and then the rear part of the sole is drawn up to the front part. [5]
Taxonomy
Species are traditionally classified into five taxonomic groups, the Pythiidae, the Laemodontidae, the Melampodidae, the Ellobiidae and the Carychiidae.[1] These taxa have been recognized either as families within Ellobioidea or as sub-families within the family Ellobiidae.[1]
The family Ellobiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):[3]
- subfamily Ellobiinae Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)
- subfamily Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830
- subfamily Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)
- subfamily Pedipedinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1880
- subfamily Pythiinae Odhner, 1925 (1880)
- † subfamily Zaptychiinae Wenz, 1938
The high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters and frequent low variability has led to the description of approximately 800 species names available in the literature, whereby 250 are likely to be valid.[1]
A molecular study by Dayrat at al. (2011)[6] for the Ellobioidea suggests a monophyletic origin of the entire group.[1]
Genera
Genera within the family Ellobiidae include:
subfamily Ellobiinae
subfamily Carychiinae
subfamily Melampinae
subfamily Pedipedinae
- Pedipes Férussac, 1821
subfamily Pythiinae
- Cassidula Gray, 1847
- Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Pythia Röding, 1798 - type genus of the subfamily Pythiinae.
† subfamily Zaptychiinae
- † Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 - type genus of the subfamily
subfamily ?
- Allochroa Ancey, 1887
- Auriculastra Martens, 1880
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Auriculodes Strand, 1928
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- Creedonia Martins, 1996
- Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840
- Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884
- Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- Microtralia Dall, 1894
- Ophicardelus Beck, 1838
- Ovatella Bivona, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- Genera brought into synonymy
- Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
- Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
- Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
- Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894
- Taxonomic note
Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)
Ecology
The taxon Ellobioidea comprises a group of morphologically and ecologically highly diverse snails, known to have successfully invaded the marine, brackish water and terrestrial habitats.[1]
These are mostly snails that live in salt marshes and similar maritime habitats, and thus have a tolerance for saline conditions.
References
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference[1]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Weigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 18. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-18.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=198 on 2012-08-19
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997.
- ↑ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
- ↑ Herbert,dai and, Kilburn, Dick (2004). Field Guide to the Land Snails and Slugs of Eastern South Africa. Scottsville, South Africa: Natal Museum. p. 98. ISBN 0-620-32415-5.
- ↑ Dayrat B., Conrad M., Balayan S., White T. R., Albrecht C., Golding R., Gomes S., Harasewych M. G., de Frias Martins A. M. (2011). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of pulmonate gastropods (Mollusca): new insights from increased taxon sampling". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 425-437. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.014.
External links
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