Elizabeth Clinton, Countess of Lincoln

Elizabeth FitzGerald
Countess of Lincoln

Portrait of Elizabeth FitzGerald painted by Steven van der Meulen in 1560
Spouse(s) Sir Anthony Browne KG
Lord High Admiral Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln
Noble family FitzGerald
Father Gerald "Gearóid Óg" FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare, Lord Deputy of Ireland
Mother Elizabeth Grey
Born 1527
Maynooth, County Kildare, Leinster, Ireland
Died March 1590 (aged 63)
Lincoln Chapel
Religion Roman Catholic
Occupation Lady-in-waiting

Lady Elizabeth FitzGerald, Countess of Lincoln (1527 – March 1590), also known as The Fair Geraldine, was an Irish noblewoman and a member of the celebrated FitzGerald dynasty. She became the second wife of Sir Anthony Browne and later the third wife of English admiral Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln. She was the inspiration for The Geraldine, a sonnet written by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey.

Queen Elizabeth I of England, whom Lady Elizabeth served as a lady-in-waiting, was her close friend.

Family and early years

Lady Elizabeth was born in Maynooth, County Kildare, Leinster, Ireland, a daughter of Gerald "Gearóid Óg" FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare, Lord Deputy of Ireland, and his second wife, Lady Elizabeth Grey. Her half-brother was Thomas "Silken Thomas" FitzGerald. Her paternal grandparents were Gerald Garret Mor FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare and Alison FitzEustace, and her maternal grandparents were Thomas Grey, 1st Marquis of Dorset and Cecily Bonville.[1] Her maternal great-grandmother was Queen Elizabeth Woodville.

Lady Elizabeth was brought up at the Court of King Henry VIII as a companion to the infant Princess Elizabeth. She first arrived with her mother and one of her sisters in October 1533. In 1534, her father, who was imprisoned in the Tower of London on corruption charges, died on 12 December. In 1537, at the age of ten, she became immortalised by the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey as "The Fair Geraldine" in his sonnet The Geraldine.[2] The poet was said to have been captivated by her childish beauty, and composed it while he was briefly imprisoned for striking a courtier. There is no truth to the rumour that they were lovers as she was only ten years old at the time. Surrey's biographer, Jessie Childs suggests that Surrey's purpose in writing the sonnet was to improve her opportunities of making a good marriage by praising not only her noble ancestry, but also her beauty and virtues.[3]

Her younger brothers were raised alongside Prince Edward, who later became King Edward VI. She was sent to the household of Princess Mary at Hunsdon following the execution of her half-brother "Silken Thomas" and her five uncles for treason. Her eldest brother Gerald, the 11th Earl of Kildare, had gone on the run in Ireland. In Donegal, Gerald, along with other powerful Irish clans, who were related to the FitzGeralds by marriage, formed the Geraldine League. When that federation was defeated in Monaghan, he sought refuge on the Continent. He returned to England in the reign of Edward VI, where he was welcomed at Court and his confiscated lands returned to him.

Marriages

In 1543, at the age of sixteen, Lady Elizabeth married Sir Anthony Browne KG, following the death of his first wife Alice Gage. Lady Elizabeth became stepmother to Browne's eight children, which included Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu, Mary Browne, and Mabel Browne who would later marry Lady Elizabeth's brother Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare also known as "The Wizard Earl".

The Brownes were staunchly Roman Catholic.

On 6 May 1548, Sir Anthony died, leaving Lady Elizabeth a widow at the age of twenty-one. She had two children by Sir Anthony, but they both died young. On 1 October 1552 she married her second husband, Lord High Admiral Edward Clinton at Sempringham, Kesteven, Lincolnshire. She was his third wife. Clinton was Lord-Lieutenant of Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire. He was also a Privy Counsellor. He was created 1st Earl of Lincoln in 1572 and served as Ambassador to France.

Friendship with Queen Elizabeth

Lady Elizabeth was a close intimate of Queen Elizabeth I of England. She had been a companion to Elizabeth Tudor when the latter was a baby; their friendship was later renewed in the household of the widowed Queen consort Catherine Parr and her fourth husband Thomas Seymour, where Lady Elizabeth went to live following Sir Anthony's death. They reportedly got on well together in the brief period they both resided at Chelsea Manor.[4]

In 1553, she and her second husband supported the plot to place Lady Jane Grey upon the throne in lieu of Princess Mary; Lady Jane also had been a member of Catherine Parr's household, so it is possible that Lady Elizabeth had developed a fondness for the young girl, which may have prompted her to back Jane's claim. When the plot failed, Lady Elizabeth and her husband managed to regain the trust of Princess Mary, who subsequently became queen. Shortly after the ascension of Mary's half-sister Elizabeth Tudor to the throne following Mary's death in 1558, Lady Elizabeth was at court as one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting.[5] Elizabeth was one of those who, in 1561, had tried to warn Lady Catherine Grey to confess her clandestine marriage to Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford to the Queen before the latter discovered the truth from other people.[6] That same year, Lady Elizabeth fell briefly into disfavour with the Queen and was accused of "frailty" and "forgetfulness of duty". These charges were made by the Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker who also declared that she should be "chastised in Bridewell" for her "offences".[7]Tudor historian David Starkey concludes that Archbishop Parker considered Lady Elizabeth to have been a "strumpet".[8]

Lady Elizabeth afterwards regained her former favour with the Queen.

Several years later, in 1569, Lady Elizabeth exercised her husband's rights as Lord High Admiral to seize a ship which had been illegally taken by Martin Frobisher. Frobisher was arrested for piracy and she was allowed to keep both the ship and its cargo.[9]

Death

On an unknown date in March 1590, Elizabeth FitzGerald died at Lincoln Chapel. She is buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. She had no children by her last husband.

Portrait of Elizabeth FitzGerald, painted by an unknown artist, c.1575. It is displayed in the National Gallery of Ireland

List of siblings

By her father's first marriage to Elizabeth Zouche (died 6 October 1517), Elizabeth's half-siblings included:

By her father's second marriage to her mother Elizabeth Grey (c. 1497-after 1548), Elizabeth's siblings included:

Ancestry

Depictions in art and literature

Elizabeth's portrait was painted in 1560 by Steven van der Meulen. It is currently on display at Agecroft Hall, in Richmond, VA. Another portrait, which can be viewed in the National Gallery of Ireland, was painted in about 1575 by an unknown artist.

Meredith Hamner dedicates his translation of Eusebius' "Ancient Ecclesiastical Histories" (1577) to her.

She is a minor character in Anya Seton's historical romance Green Darkness, which was partially set in mid-16th century England.

She is a minor character in the historical novel The Autobiography of Henry VIII by Margaret George

She was also the subject of Karen Harper's historical fiction novel "The Irish Princess" (2011).

Depictions in film and television

References

  1. ↑ Tudorplace.com.Kildare
  2. ↑ Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
  3. ↑ Kathy Lynn Emerson, A Who's Who of Tudor Women, retrieved 20 April 2010
  4. ↑ Kathy Lynn Emerson, A Who's Who of Tudor Women, retrieved 19-04-10
  5. ↑ Emerson
  6. ↑ Emerson
  7. ↑ Emerson
  8. ↑ Emerson
  9. ↑ Emerson
  10. ↑ Mervyn Archdall's edition of John Lodge's Peerage of Ireland (1789) Volume I, page 93
  1. Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
  2. Tudorplace.com Accessed 21 June 2008
  3. James Graves "A Brief Memoir of Lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald"