Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt

Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt (10 April 1892 – 20 December 1965) was a German physical anthropologist who classified humanity into races.

Von Eickstedt was born in Jersitz, Province of Posen.

Racial typology

In his book, Rassenkunde und Rassengeschichte der Menschheit (Ethnology and the Race History of Mankind) he agreed somewhat with anthropologist William Z. Ripley, author of The Races of Europe (1899), but claimed Europeans had four basic "racial types": "Nordics" who lived in Northern Europe, "Osteuropids" who lived in eastern and central Europe, "Alpines" who lived in the mountainous belt that stretched from western to eastern Europe, and "Mediterraneans" who stretched from Southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent.

Unlike Ripley, he divided these major European races into "subraces". According to Eickstedt's racial typology, Nordics were divided into the "Teuto-Nordic subrace" in the west, the "Dalo-Nordic" in the center and the "Fenno-Nordic" in the east. Eickstedt regarded the "Teuto-Nordic" as the "purest Nordic racial type," while he claimed that the "Dalo-Nordic" were mixed with Cro-Magnons. Furthermore, he divided the so-called "Alpine race" into four other subgroups: those in western Europe, the "Dinarics" in eastern Europe, "Armenoids" in Southwest Asia and "Turanids" in Central Asia. Finally, he purported that the "Mediterranean race" was composed of the "Mediterranean subrace" in the Northern Africa, the "Orientalid subrace" in the Middle East and the "Indid subrace" in the Indian Subcontinent.

Eickstedt believed some of the European subraces were progressive and others were primitive. He believed the "primitive Alpine subrace" had ceased evolving, but the progressive "Dinaric subrace" would keep evolving.

Eickstedt believed the "races of Europe" originated south of Europe in the Mesolithic Era. He claimed that the "Mediterranean race" arrived in Europe during Mesolithic times, while the "Alpine race" would have arrived from eastern Europe across Switzerland shortly after the Mediterranean race, but still in Mesolithic times. Later, the "Nordic race" would allegedly have entered Scandinavia from the east. Von Eickstedt finally claimed that the "Osteuropids" entered eastern and central Europe in modern times.

Egon von Eickstedt, Historia Mundi Volume 1, "Frühe Menschheit" (Early humanity); an attempt of classifying the species Homo sapiens dividing it into racial circles (subspecies), racial groups (series), races (varieties) and subraces (subvarieties), in binary and common nomenclature.

Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens Modern human
Subspecies I: Homines sapientes albi Europids

Series A: Homines s. albi xanthochroici Blond race belt

Variety 1: Homo sapiens europaeus Nordid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. eu. nordicus Teutonordid

b) H. s. eu. dalofaelicus Dalofaelid

c) H. s. eu. finnus Fennonordid

Variety 2: H. s. slavonicus (intermedius) East-Europid

Series B: Homines s. albi melanochroici Brown race belt

Variety 1: Homo s. pelagius (meridionalis) Mediterranid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. p. mediterraneus Gracil-Mediterranid

b) H. s. p. eurafricanus Eurafricanid

c) H. s. p. atlanticus Berberid

Variety 2: Homo s. arabicus Orientalid

Variety 3: Homo s. indicus Indid

a) H. s. i. indogracilis Gracil-Indid

b) H. s. i. indoafghanus North-Indid

c) H. s. i. indobrachimorphus Indo-Brachid

Variety 4: Homo s. occidentalis Polynesid

a) H. s. o. polinesianus Polynesid

b) H. s. o. carolinensis Micronesid

Series C: Homines s. albi brachimorphi Mountain race belt

Variety 1: H. s. alpinus Alpinid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. a. cevenolicus West-Alpinid

b) H. s. a. lappo Lappid

Variety 2: H. s. dinaricus Dinarid

Variety 3: H. s. syriacus Armenid

Variety 4: H. s. eurasicus Turanid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. eur. turanicus Aralid

b) H. s. eur. pamiriensis Pamirid

Series D: Homines s. albi protomorphi Old-Europids

Variety 1: H. s. veddalis Veddid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. v. ceylonensis West-Veddid

b) H. s. v. gondicus Gondid

c) H. s. v. malicus Malid

d) H. s. v. toala Toalid

e) H. s. v. siamesis East-Veddid

Variety 2: H. s. curilanus Ainuid

Subspecies II: Homines sapientes leiotrichi
part a: H. s. asiaticus Mongolid

Series A: Homines s. asiatici arctici Polar belt

Variety 1: H. s. hyperboreus Sibirid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. h. ugrianus West-Sibirid

b) H. s. h. palaeasiaticus East-Sibirid

Variety 2: H. s. groenlandus Eskimid

Series B: Homines s. a. badii North-Mongolids

Variety 1: H. s. tatarus Tungid

Variety 2: H. s. sinicus Sinid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. s. borealis North-Sinid

b) H. s. s. medius Central-Sinid

c) H. s. s. meridianus South-Sinid

Series C: H. s. asiatici meridionalis South-Mongolids

Variety 3: H. s. palaemongolicus Paleo-Mongolid

Subvarieties:

a) Homo s. p. palaunicus Palaungid

b) H. s. p. nesidus Nesid

Series D: H. s. subnigri Khoisanids

Variety 1: H. s. hottentotus Khoisanid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. h. austroafricanus Khoid

b) H. s. h. huzuana Sanid

Subspecies II: Homines sapientes leiotrichi
part b: H. s. americani Indianids

Series E: H. s. americani cuprei North-Indianids

Variety 1: H. s. pacificus Pacifid

Variety 2: H. s. centralis Centralid

Variety 3: H. s. colombicus Silvid

Subvarieties

a) H. s. c. planidus Planid

b) H. s. c. apalacidus Appalachid

Variety 4: H. s. marginalis Margid

Series F: H. s. americani mesembrini South-Indianids

Variety 1: H. s. andinus Andid

Variety 2: H. s. patagonus Patagonid

Variety 3: H. s. brasilianus Brazilid

Variety 4: H. s. lagoanus Lagid

Variety 5: H. s. lagol-maritimus Fuegid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. l. fuegidus South-Fuegid

b) H. s. l. huarpidus Huarpid

Subspecies III: H. sapientes afri Negrids

Series A: H. s. europoafri Contact belt

Variety 1: H. s. africanus Ethiopid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. a. nuba North-Ethiopid

b) H. s. a. abessomalis East-Ethiopid

c) H. s. a. massaicus South-Ethiopid

d) H. s. a. saharicus Central-Ethiopid

e) H. s. a. maurusianus West-Ethiopid

Variety 2: H. s. indomelanicus Indomelanid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. i. karnaticus South-Melanid

b) H. s. i. kolidus North-Melanid

Series B: H. s. cafro-madegassi West-Negrids

Variety 1: H. s. niger Sudanid

Variety 2: H. s. niloticus Nilotid

Variety 3: H. s. cafer Cafrid

Variety 4: H. s. palaeniger Paleo-Negrid

Series C: H. s. alfuri East-Negrids

Variety 1: H. s. papuensis Neo-Melanesid

Variety 2: H. s. melaninus Paleo-Melanesid

Variety 3: H. s. australasicus Australid

Series D: H. s. pygmaei Pygmid

Variety 1: H. s. akkalis Bambutid

Variety 2:H. s. negrito Negritid

Subvarieties:

a) H. s. n. philippinensis Aetid

b) H. s. n. semang Semangid

c) H. s. n. mineopaeus Andamanid

References

External links

Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt (1892-1965) at the Wayback Machine (archived March 30, 2013)

Historical race concepts

By color	Black Brown Red White Yellow

Anthropological	Australoid Capoid Caucasoid Mongoloid Negroid

Sub-types	Alpine Arabid Armenoid Atlantid Caspian Dinaric East Baltic Ethiopid Hamitic Dravidian Irano-Afghan Japhetic Malay Mediterranean Nordic Northcaucasian Pamirid Semitic Turanid

Mixed	Afro-Asian Coloured Eurasian Mestizo Mulatto Pardo Quadroon Zambo Castizo

Writers	Louis Agassiz John Baker Erwin Baur John Beddoe Robert Bennett Bean François Bernier Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Franz Boas Paul Broca Alice Mossie Brues Halfdan Bryn Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon Charles Caldwell Petrus Camper Samuel A. Cartwright Houston Stewart Chamberlain Sonia Mary Cole Carleton S. Coon Georges Cuvier Jan Czekanowski Charles Davenport Joseph Deniker Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt Anténor Firmin Eugen Fischer John Fiske Francis Galton Stanley Marion Garn Reginald Ruggles Gates George Gliddon Arthur de Gobineau Madison Grant John Grattan Hans F. K. Günther Ernst Haeckel Frederick Ludwig Hoffman Earnest Hooton Julian Huxley Thomas Henry Huxley Calvin Ira Kephart Robert Knox Robert E. Kuttner Georges Vacher de Lapouge Fritz Lenz Carl Linnaeus Bertil Lundman Felix von Luschan Dominick McCausland John Mitchell Ashley Montagu Lewis H. Morgan Samuel George Morton Josiah C. Nott Karl Pearson Oscar Peschel Isaac La Peyrère Charles Pickering Ludwig Hermann Plate Alfred Ploetz James Cowles Prichard Otto Reche Gustaf Retzius William Z. Ripley Alfred Rosenberg Benjamin Rush Henric Sanielevici Heinrich Schmidt Ilse Schwidetzky Charles Gabriel Seligman Giuseppe Sergi Samuel Stanhope Smith Herbert Spencer Morris Steggerda Lothrop Stoddard William Graham Sumner Thomas Griffith Taylor Paul Topinard John H. Van Evrie Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer Rudolf Virchow Voltaire Alexander Winchell Ludwig Woltmann

Writings	An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People in Different Climates (1744) The Outline of History of Mankind (1785) Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question (1849) An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1855) The Races of Europe (Ripley, 1899) The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899) Race Life of the Aryan Peoples (1907) Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (1911) The Passing of the Great Race (1916) The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920) The Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930) The Races of Europe (Coon, 1939) An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus (1943) The Race Question (1950)

Theories	Eugenics Great chain of being Monogenism Polygenism Pre-Adamite

Related	History of anthropometry Historical definitions of races in India Martial races in the British Indian Army Master race Aryan Nazism and race Négritude Race (human classification) Scientific racism Racial hygiene

Authority control	WorldCat VIAF: 76773860 LCCN: nr99025014 ISNI: 0000 0001 0918 0528 GND: 105237698 SUDOC: 061656380

Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt

Racial typology

See also

References

External links