Edwin Butterworth Mains
| Edwin Butterworth Mains | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
31 March 1890 Coldwater, Michigan |
| Died |
23 December 1968 (aged 78) Ann Arbor, Michigan |
| Nationality | American |
| Fields | Mycology |
| Institutions |
Purdue University (1916–1930), University of Michigan (1930–1960) |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan |
| Known for | Taxonomy of rust fungi, taxonomy of Cordyceps, taxonomy of Geoglossaceae |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Mains |
Edwin Butterworth Mains (1890–1968) was an American mycologist. He was known for his taxonomic research on the rust fungi (Pucciniomycetes), the genus Cordyceps, and the earth tongues (Geoglossaceae).
Biography
Edwin Butterworth Mains was born on 31 March 1890 in Coldwater, Branch County, Michigan. The son of Benjamin W. and Mary Ann (Butterworth) Mains.[1] Mains began his undergraduate education at Michigan State University in 1909, but transferred to the University of Michigan in 1911. He earned his Ph.D. in botany from the University of Michigan in 1916 under the tutelage of Calvin Henry Kauffman[2] while investigating the parasite-host relationships of various rust fungi.[1] He was appointed Assistant Botanist at the Purdue University Agricultural Experimental Station by Joseph Charles Arthur in 1916.[3] He married Mary Esther Elder on 16 August 1917 in East Lansing, Michigan.[4] Mains was appointed Acting Director of the University of Michigan Herbarium following the illness of C.H. Kauffman in 1930 and was named Director in 1931.[5] Mains remained at the University of Michigan, both as a professor and as Director of the Herbarium, until his retirement in 1960.[1] Mains served as Chair of the Department of Botany at Michigan during World War II.[5] Mains remained in Ann Arbor following his retirement and died of a heart attack on 23 December 1968.[1] He was buried at Oak Grove Cemetery in Coldwater, Michigan.[6]
While at Michigan, Mains was active in the Ann Arbor Garden Club.[7] Mains was highly interested in photography and was a noted and exhibited photographer of nature. Mains was prominent in the development and use of color photography in mycological education.[1]
Mycological Contributions
Mains' early professional career was dedicated to the study of plant rusts (Pucciniales). He collaborated with Arthur and others on "The Plant Rusts (Uredinales)" in 1929, a major treatment of an economically important group of fungi. Mains continued working on rusts after transferring to Michigan, though most of his later studies focused on Cordyceps and the Geoglossaceae.[2] Mains' collections and research greatly enriched the University of Michigan Herbarium, which developed "from a position of obscurity to one of international prominence"[1] under his directorship.[1][2][3]
Mains was elected Vice-President of the Mycological Society of America in 1938, and President in 1942. Mains also served the Mycological Society of America as a counselor from 1943-1944.[8] Mains and C.L. Lundell investigated the flora of the high rain forest and mountain pine ridge in the southern El Cayo District, British Honduras in 1937.[5]
Taxa Described
Mains described a total of 80 new species, two new form, eleven new varieties, and made 20 new combinations of species. As of 2014, 55 of his species, both new forms, two varieties, and 18 recombinations are still accepted (having not been assigned to another genus or reduced to synonymy under previously published names). Mains also described five genera, three of which were later reduced to synonymy.[9][10]
- Aplopsora Mains 1921
- Bitzea Mains 1939 = Chaconia Juel. 1897
- Scopella Mains 1939 = Maravalia Arthur 1922
- Spumula Mains 1935
- Tegillum Mains 1940 = Olivea Arthur 1917
- Aecidium belizense Mains 1939 = Dietella belizensis (Mains) Z. Urb. 1990
- Aecidium collapsum Mains 1939
- Aecidium sebastianae Mains 1939
- Aecidium subsimulans Arthur & Mains 1920
- Aecidium yucatanense Mains 1935
- Angiopsora cameliae (Mayor) Mains 1937
- Akanthomyces angustisporus Mains 1950
- Akanthomyces aranearum (Petch) Mains 1950
- Angiopsora compressa Mains 1934 = Phakopsora compressa (Mains) Buriticá & J.F. Hennen. 1994
- Angiopsora lenticularis Mains 1934 = Physopella lenticularis (Mains) Cummins & Ramachar 1959
- Angiospora zeae Mains 1938 = Phakopsora zeae (Mains) Buriticá 1994
- Aschersonia incrassata Mains 1959
- Cerotelium dicentrae Mains & H.W. Anderson 1921 = Aplopsora dicentrae (Mains & H.W. Anderson) Buriticá & J.F. Hennen 1994
- Cordyceps belizensis Mains 1940
- Cordyceps fracta Mains 1957 = Elaphocordyceps fracta (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps grenadensis Mains 1954
- Cordyceps hesleri Mains 1939
- Cordyceps macularis (Mains) Mains 1939 = Ophiocordyceps macularis Mains 1934
- Cordyceps michiganensis Mains 1934 = Ophiocordyceps michiganensis (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps monticola Mains 1940 = Ophiocordyceps monticola (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps olivascens Mains 1947
- Cordyceps paludosa (Mains) Mains 1940 = Ophiocordyceps paludosa Mains 1934
- Cordyceps parvula Mains 1959
- Cordyceps petchii Mains 1959 = Ophiocordyceps petchii (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps salebrosa Mains 1947 = Ophiocordyceps salebrosa (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps singeri Mains 1954
- Cordyceps smithii Mains 1939 = Ophiocordyceps smithii (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps subflavida Mains 1959 = Ophiocordyceps subflavida (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps tenuispora Mains 1957 = Elaphocordyceps tenuispora (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps thaxteri Mains 1939
- Cordyceps trinidadensis Mains 1959
- Cordyceps valliformis Mains 1957 = Elaphocordyceps valliformis (Mains) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora 2007
- Cordyceps venezuelensis Mains 1947
- Cordyceps washingtonensis Mains 1947
- Cudonia grisea Mains 1940
- Cudonia monticola Mains 1940 = Pachycudonia monticola (Mains) S. Imai 1950
- Frommea mexicana Mains 1939 = Frommeëlla mexicana (Mains) J.W. McCain & J.F. Hennen 1990
- Geoglossum difforme var. variabile Mains 1954 = Geoglossum difforme Fr. 1815
- Geoglossum glabrum var. americanum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum glabrum Pers. 1794
- Geoglossum glabrum var. elongatum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum glabrum Pers. 1794
- Geoglossum glabrum var. heterosporum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum glabrum Pers. 1794
- Geoglossum glabrum var. inflatum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum glabrum Pers. 1794
- Geoglossum nigritum var. heterosporum Mains 1954 = Geoglossum umbratile Sacc. 1878
- Gibellula formicarum Mains 1949 = Pseudogibellula formicarum (Mains) Samson & H.C. Evans 1973
- Hirsutella liberiana Mains 1949
- Hirsutella ramosa Mains 1949 = Tilachlidium ramosa (Mains) Mains 1952
- Hirsutella stylophora Mains 1952
- Hymenostilbe australensis Mains 1948
- Hymenostilbe campanoti Mains 1950
- Hymenostilbe lecaniicola (Jaap) Mains 1950
- Hymenostilbe verrucosa Mains 1950
- Hypocrella aurantiaca (Petch) Mains 1959
- Hypocrella brasiliana (Henn.) Mains 1959
- Insecticola clavata Mains 1950
- Maravalia ascotela (Syd.) Mains 1938
- Maravalia elata (Syd. & P. Syd) Mains 1939
- Maravalia hygrophilae (Syd., P. Syd., & E.J. Butler) Mains 1938
- Maravalia pressa (Arthur & Holw.) Mains 1939
- Maravalia pura (Syd.) Mains 1939
- Melampsora monticola Mains 1917
- Mitrula morchelloides Mains 1935 = Scleromitrula morchelloides (Mains) T. Schumach. & Holst-Jensen 1997
- Ophiocordyceps macularis Mains 1934
- Ophiocordyceps paludosa Mains 1934
- Ophionectria lloydii Mains 1958 = Torrubiella lloydii (Mains) Rossman 1977
- Polycephalomyces paludosus Mains 1948
- Polycephalomyces ramosus (Peck) Mains 1948
- Prospodium cydistae Mains 1935
- Puccinia belizensis Mains 1939
- Puccinia chichenensis Mains 1935
- Puccinia ciliata Mains 1939
- Puccinia circumdata Mains 1935
- Puccinia degeneris Mains & Holw. 1918 = Uredo degeneris (Mains & Holw.) Arthur 1924
- Puccinia diutata Mains & Holw. 1918
- Puccinia eatoniae var. myosotidis Mains 1932
- Puccinia eatoniae var. ranunculi Mains 1932
- Puccinia filiola Mains & Holw. 1918
- Puccinia ichnanthi Mains 1939
- Puccinia impedita Mains & Holw. 1918
- Puccinia iridis f. australis Mains 1934
- Puccinia iridis f. septentrionalis Mains 1934
- Puccina nephrophyllidii Mains 1939
- Puccinia oblata Mains 1939
- Puccinia palicoureae Mains 1935
- Puccinia phakopsoroides Arthur & Mains 1919 = Physopella phakopsoroides (Arthur & Mains) Cummins & Ramachar 1959
- Puccinia ripulae Mains 1939
- Puccinia rubigo-vera f. secalis (Erikss. & Henn.) Mains 1933
- Puccinia rubigo-vera var. impatientis (Arthur) Mains 1933
- Pucciniastrum alaskanum Mains 1939
- Ravenelia bifenestrata Mains 1935
- Scopella sapotae Mains 1956 = Maravalia sapotae (Mains) Y. Ono 1984
- Skierka cristata Mains 1939
- Skierka diploglottidis (Cooke & Massee) Mains 1939
- Skierka petchii (Syd.) Mains 1939
- Skierka philippinensis Mains 1939
- Sphaerophragmium fimbriatum Mains 1935
- Spicaria pulvinata Mains 1949
- Stilbum burmense Mains 1948 = Stilbella burmensis (Mains) Samson & H.C. Evans 1981
- Tegillum fimbriatum Mains 1940 = Olivea fimbreata (Mains) Cummins & Y. Hirats 1983
- Torrubiella arachnophila (J.R. Johnst.) Mains 1950
- Torrubiella liberiana Mains 1949
- Torrubiella pulvinata Mains 1949
- Trichoglossum hirsutum var. heterosporum Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
- Trichoglossum hirsutum var. irregulare Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
- Trichoglossum hirsutum var. longisporum (F.L. Tai) Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
- Trichoglossum hirsutum var. multiseptatum Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
- Trichoglossum octopartitum Mains 1940
- Trichoglossum tetrasporum var. yunnanense (F.L. Tai) Mains 1954 = Trichoglossum tetrasporum Sinden & Fitzp. 1930
- Uredo anacardii Mains 1935
- Uredo detecta Mains 1939
- Uredo detenta Mains 1939
- Uredo trigoniae Mains 1939
- Uredo xyridis Mains 1939
- Uromyces sepultus Mains 1935
Mycological Lineage
Mains belongs to the C.H. Kauffman Lineage of American mycologists.[11] Kauffman himself was influenced by Robert Almer Harper and George Francis Atkinson.[12] During Mains' tenure at the University of Michigan, he mentored or advised thirteen prominent mycologists:[11]
- Jean D. Arnold (Ph.D. 1935)
- Harold Johnston Brodie (Ph.D. 1934)
- Clair Alan Brown (Ph.D. 1933)
- George William Fisher (Ph.D. 1935)
- John Robert Hardison (MS 1940, Ph.D. 1942)
- Henry Andrew Imshaug (Ph.D. 1951)
- Marion Lee Lohman
- Josiah Linocoln Lowe (Ph.D. 1938)
- Douglas Barton Osborne Savile (Ph.D. 1939)
- John Arvid Schmitt (MS 1950, Ph.D. 1954)
- Alexander Hanchett Smith (Ph.D. 1933)
- Delbert Swartz
- Joseph S. Tidd
Mains' lineage of North American mycologists is large and widespread. Brodie, Fisher, Imshaug, Lowe, and Smith all mentored a number of students, including Joseph Ammirati, Howard E. Bigelow, Irwin M. Brodo, Robert Lee Gilbertson, Orson K. Miller, Jr., and Harry Thiers, all of whom have been greatly influential in American mycology.
Eponymous Taxa
Publications
Mains authored or coauthored more than 90 research publications and books:
- 1916. Mains EB. "Some factors concerned in the germination of rust spores". Report of the Michigan Academy of Science 17: 136-140.
- 1916. ———. "The wintering of Coleosporum solidaginis". Phytopathology 6: 371-372.
- 1917. ———. "The relationship of some rusts to the physiology of their hosts". American Journal of Botany 4 (4): 179-220.
- 1917. ———. "Species of Melampsora occurring on Euphorbia in North America". Phytopathology 7 101-105.
- 1919. Arthur JC, Mains EB. "Grass rusts of unusual structure". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 46 (10): 411-415.
- 1921. Mains EB. "Unusual rusts on Nyssa and Urticastrum". American Journal of Botany 8 (9): 442-451.
- 1921. ———. "The heteroecism of Puccinia montanensis, P. koeleriae, and P. apocrypta". Mycologia 13 (6): 315-322.
- 1921. ———, Jackson HS. "Two strains of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States". Phytopathology 11: 40.
- 1921. Jackson HS, Mains EB. "Aecial stage of the orange leaf rust of wheat, Puccinia triticina Eriks." Journal of Agricultural Research (Washington, DC) 22: 151-172.
- 1922. Arthur JC, Mains EB. "Uredinales: Bullaria". North American Flora 7: 482-515.
- 1923. Mains EB, Jackson HS. "Strains of the leaf rust of wheat, Puccinia triticina, in the United States". Phytopathology 13: 36.
- 1923. Mains EB, Leighty CE. "Resistance in rye to leaf rust, Puccinia dispersa Erikss." Journal of Agricultural Research 25 (5): 243-252.
- 1924. Mains EB. "Notes on greenhouse culture methods used in rust investigations". Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 33: 241-257.
- 1924. Mains EB, Jackson HS. "Aecial stage of the leaf rust of rye, Puccinia dispersa Erikss. and Hen., and of barley, P. anomala Rostr., in the United States". Journal of Agricultural Research 28 (11): 1119-1126.
- 1925. Whetzel HH, Jackson HS, Mains EB. "The composite life history of Puccinia podophyli Schw." Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 65-79.
- 1926. Mains EB. "Rye resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew". Journal of Agricultural Research 32: 201-221.
- 1926. ———. "Studies in rust resistance". Journal of Heredity 17 (9): 313-325.
- 1926. ———, Jackson HS. "Physiologic specialisation in the leaf rust of Wheat, Puccinia triticina Erikas." Phytopathology 16 (2): 89-120.
- 1926. Mains EB, Leighty CE, Johnston CO. "Inheritance of resistance to leaf rust, Puccinia tritica Erikss., in crosses of common wheat, Triticum vulgare Vill." Journal of Agricultural Research 32: 931-972.
- 1927 (Published in 1928). Mains EB. "Observations concerning clover diseases". Proclamations of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 37: 355-364.
- 1928. Mains EB, Thompson D. "Studies on snapdragon rust, Puccinia antirrhini". Phytopathology 18: 150.
- 1928 (Published in 1929). ———. "Observations concerning disease of iris and tulips". Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 38: 93-102.
- 1929. ———. "Physiologic specialization and species development and nomenclature". Proclamations of the Internal Congress of Plant Sciences, Ithaca, New York 1926 2: 1767-1770.
- 1929. Arthur JC, Kern FD, Orton CR, Fromme FD, Jackson HS, Mains EB, Bisby GR. The plant rusts (Uridinales). John Wiley and Sons, London. 446 pp.
- 1929. Gardner MW, Mains EB. "Indiana plant diseases". Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 39: 85-99.
- 1930. Mains EB. "Host specialization of barley leaf rust Puccinia anamola". Phytopathology 20 (2): 873-882.
- 1930. ———. "Effect of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) on yield of wheat". Journal of Agricultural Research 40 (5): 417-446.
- 1930. ———, Diktz SM. "Physiologic forms of Barley mildew, Erysiphe graminis hordei". Phytopathology 20 (3): 229-239.
- 1931. Mains EB. "Calvin Henry Kauffman". Science 74 (1914): 235.
- 1931. ———. "Inheritance of resistance to rust, Puccinia sorghi, in maize." Journal of Agricultural Research 43: 419-430.
- 1932. ———. "Physiologic specialization in Puccinia eatoniae". Mycologia 24 (2): 207-214.
- 1932. ———. "Calvin Henry Kauffman". Mycologia 24 (3): 265-267.
- 1932. ———. "Host specialization in the leaf rust of grasses, Puccinia rubigo-vera". Papers from the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letter 17: 289-394.
- 1933. ———. "Studies concerning heteroecious rusts". Mycologia 25 (5): 407-417.
- 1933. ———. "Host specialization in Erysiphe graminis tritici". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19 (1): 49-53.
- 1934. ———. "Angiospora, a new genus of rusts on grasses". Mycologia 26 (2): 122-132.
- 1934. ———. "The genera Cordyceps and Ophiocordyceps in Michigan". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 74 (4): 263-271.
- 1934. ———. "Host specialization in the rust of iris, Puccinia iridis". American Journal of Botany 21 (1): 23-33.
- 1934. ———. "Host specialization of Puccinia sorghi". Phytopathology 24 (4): 405-411.
- 1934. ———. "Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis tritici, in wheat". Phytopathology 24 (11): 1257-1261.
- 1935. ———. "Spumula, a new genus of rusts". Mycologia 27: 638-641.
- 1935. ———. "Rust resistance in Antirrhinum". Phytopathology 25 (11): 977-991.
- 1935. ———. "Michigan fungi. I". Papers from the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 20: 81-93.
- 1935. ———. "Rusts and smuts from the Yucutan Peninsula". Publications, Carnegie Institute of Washington 461: 95-106.
- 1936 (Published in 1937). ———. "Rusts from the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas". Papers from the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 22: 153-157.
- 1937. ———. "A new species of Cordyceps with notes concerning other species". Mycologia 29 (6): 674-677.
- 1937 (Published in 1938). ———. "Host specialization in Coleosporium solidaginis and C. campanulae". Papers from the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 23: 171-175.
- 1938. ———. "The genus Blastospora". American Journal of Botany 25 (9): 677-679.
- 1938. ———. "Studies in the Uredinales, the genus Chaconia". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 65 (9): 625-629.
- 1938. ———. "Additional studies concerning the rust of iris, Puccinia iridis". Phytopathology 28 (1): 67-71.
- 1938. ———. "Two unusual rusts of grasses". Mycologia 30 (1): 42-45.
- 1938. ———. "Mycological foray". Mycologia 30 (2): 243.
- 1939. ———. "Studies in the Uredinales, the genus Maravalia". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 66 (3): 173-179.
- 1939. ———. "Scopella gen. nov. of the Pucciniaceae". Annales Mycologici 37 (1): 57-60.
- 1939. ———. "Bitzea, a new genus in the Pucciniaceae". Mycologia 31 (1): 33-42.
- 1939. ———. "The genera Skierka and Cteoderma". Mycologia 31 (2): 175-190.
- 1939. ———. "New and unusual species of the Uredinales". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 66 (9): 617-621.
- 1939. ———. "Cordyceps from the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee". Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 55 (1): 117-129.
- 1939. ———. "Mycological Society of America: Report on the 1938 foray". Mycologia 31 (2): 232-234.
- 1939. ———. "Rusts from British Honduras". Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 1: 5-19.
- 1939. ———, Overholts LO, Pomerleau R. "Fungi collected at the foray, August 1938". Mycologia 31 (6): 728-736.
- 1939 (Published in 1940). Mains EB. "Cordyceps species from Michigan". Papers from the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25: 79-84.
- 1940. ———. "Tegillum, a new genus of the Uredinales". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 67 (8): 705-709.
- 1940. ———. "Species of Cordyceps". Mycologia 32 (3): 310-320.
- 1940. ———. "New and unusual species of the Geoglossaceae". American Journal of Botany 27 (5): 322-326.
- 1940. ———. "Cordyceps species from British Honduras". Mycologia 32 (1): 16-22.
- 1940. ———. "Species of Cordyceps". Mycologia 32 (3): 310-320.
- 1941. ———. "Cordyceps stylophora Ber. and Br. and C. ravenelii Ber. and Curt." Mycologia 33 (6): 611-617.
- 1942. ———. "Phlox resistant to powdery mildew". Phytopathology 32 (5): 414-418.
- 1942. ———. "Joseph Charles Arthur (1850-1942)". Mycologia 34 (6): 601-605.
- 1947. ———. "New and interesting species of Cordyceps". Mycologia 39 (5): 535-545.
- 1948. ———. "Entomogenous fungi". Mycologia 40 (4): 402-416.
- 1948. ———. "Two unusual fungi from Glacier National Park, Montana". Mycologia 40 (6): 717-723.
- 1949. ———. "Cordyceps bicephala Berk. and C. australis (Speg.) Sacc." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 76: 24-30.
- 1949. ———. "New species of Torrubiella, Hirsutella and Gibellula". Mycologia 41 (3): 303-310.
- 1950. ———. "The genus Gibellula on spiders in North America". Mycologia 42 (2): 306-321.
- 1950. ———. "Entomogenous species of Akanthomyces, Hymenostilbe and Insecticola in North America". Mycologia 42 (4): 566-589.
- 1951. ———. "Notes concerning entomogenous fungi". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 78 (2): 122-133.
- 1952. ———. "Entomogenous species of Hirsutella, Tilachlidium and Synnematium". Mycologia 43 (6): 691-718.
- 1953. ———. "Stilbum tomentosum". Papers from the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 38: 45-51.
- 1954. ———. "Species of Cordyceps on spiders". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 81 (6): 492-500.
- 1954. ———. "North American species of Geoglossum and Trichoglossum". Mycologia 46 (5): 586-631.
- 1955. ———. "North American hyaline-spored species of the Geoglossaceae". Mycologia 47 (6): 846-877.
- 1955. ———. "Some entomogenous species of Isaria". Papers from the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 40: 23-32.
- 1956. ———. "The relationship of Cudoniella and Helotium". Mycologia 48 (3): 410-419.
- 1956. ———. "North American species of the Geoglossaceae. Tribe Cudonieae". Mycologia 48 (5): 694-710.
- 1957. ———. "Species of Cordyceps parasitic on Elaphomyces". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 84 (4): 243-251.
- 1957. ———. "Information concerning species of Cordyceps and Ophionectria in the Lloyd Herbarium". Lloydia 20 (4): 219-227.
- 1958. ———. "North American entomogenous species of Cordyceps". Mycologia 50: 169-222.
- 1959. ———. "North American species of Aschersonia parasitic on Aleyrodidae". Journal of Insect Pathology 1: 43-47.
- 1959. ———. "Species of Hypocrella". Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 11: 311-326.
- 1959. ———. "Cordyceps species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 86 (1): 46-58.
- 1959. ———. "North American species of Aschersonia parasitic on Aleyrodidae". Journal of Insect Pathology 1 (1): 43-47.
- 1960. ———. "Species of Aschersonia (Sphaeropsidales)". Lloydia 22 (3): 215-221.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Smith, A.H. (1969). "Edwin Butterworth Mains". Mycologia 61 (2): 449–451.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rogers, D.P. (1977). A brief history of mycology in North America. Hamilton I. Newell.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Helser, L.R. (2013). "Mycologists Notebook 2". Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ↑ Anonymous (1918). "Marriages". The Michigan Alumnus 24: 53–55.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Shaw, W.B. (1951). The University of Michigan: An Encyclopedic Survey 5.
- ↑ "Edwin Mains". Find a Grave Memorial. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ↑ Ann Arbor News (8 March 1939). "EB Mains AA News search results". Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ Simmons, E.G. (1965). "Past and present officers". Mycological Society of America Newsletter 16 (1): 56–57.
- ↑ GBIF. "Mains author search results". Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ↑ R.B.G. Kew: Mycology, Landcare Research. "Index Fungorum". Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Blackwell, M.; Gilbertson, R.L. (1 August 2013). "A Genealogy of North American Mycologists". Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ↑ Mains, E.B. (1932). "Calvin Henry Kauffman". Mycologia 24 (3): 265–267.
- ↑ Jackson, H.S. (1931). "The rusts of South America based on the Holway collections - III". Mycologia 23 (2): 96–116. doi:10.2307/3753764.
- ↑ Raciborski, M. (1909). "Über einige javanische Uredinae (Moose)". Bulletin International de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie Classe des Sciences Mathematiques et Naturelles. 3 pages=266-280.
- ↑ Holway, E.W.D., Arthur, J.C. (1918). "Uredinales of Guatemala based on collections by E.W.D. Holway. II. Aecidiaceae, exclusive of Puccinia and form genera". American Journal of Botany 5 (8): 420–446. doi:10.2307/2435170.
- ↑ Singer, R. (1950). "A monograph of Favolaschia". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 50: 1–108.
- ↑ Smith, A.H., Singer, R. (1958). "New species of Galerina". Mycologia 50 (4): 469–489. doi:10.2307/3756110.
- ↑ Samson, R.A., Evans, H.C. (1992). "New species of Gibellula on spiders (Araneida) from South America". Mycologia 84 (3): 300–314. doi:10.2307/3760182.
- ↑ "Author Query for 'Mains'". International Plant Names Index.