EMMA (accelerator)

The Electron Machine with Many Applications (EMMA) is a project at Daresbury Laboratory in the UK to build a linear non-scaling FFAG to accelerate electrons from 10 to 20 MeV. A FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) is a type of accelerator in which the magnetic field in the bending magnets is constant during acceleration. This means the particle beam will move radially outwards as its momentum increases.

A linear non-scaling FFAG is one in which a quantity known as the betatron tune is allowed to vary unchecked. In a conventional synchrotron such a variation would result in loss of the beam. However, in EMMA the beam will cross these resonances so rapidly that their effect should not be seen. EMMA will use the ALICE accelerator as a source of electrons and will be situated in the same laboratory at STFC's Daresbury site.

EMMA is a proof-of-principle machine; the experience gained in building this machine will be useful for future muon accelerators (which could be used in neutrino factories), and also for proton and carbon ion particle accelerators, which have applications for cancer therapy.

As a non-scaling FFAG, EMMA will also be a good candidate for use in an Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor system in which a non critical fission core is driven to criticality by a small accelerator. Future electrical power generation could be influenced heavily by the use power stations consisting of a sub-critical core containing a material such as thorium, and a small accelerator capable of providing extra neutrons via a spallation target.

EMMA is funded by the BASROC consortium, under the CONFORM umbrella. Commissioning of EMMA began in June 2010 when the beam was injected and sent around part of the ring. Full ring commissioning was due to commence in August 2010. As of March 31 2011, full ring circumnavigation was completed to establish proof of principle.

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