Dump Johnson movement

The Dump Johnson movement was a movement within the United States Democratic Party to oppose the candidacy of President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson to become the party's nominee in the 1968 presidential election. Their opposition to Johnson stemmed mainly from their opposition to the Vietnam War, while the movement can be seen as part of an internal battle within the Democratic Party between antiwar liberals, unreconstructed Cold Warriors and moderates.[1]

Within the left wing of the Democratic party there had been rumbles all during 1967 of challenging Lyndon B. Johnson's candidacy. The leading proponents of the Dump Johnson Movement were two opponents of the war, Allard K. Lowenstein and Curtis Gans.[2] Their first choice to be a candidate was Robert F. Kennedy, but the New York Senator declined after a series of meetings in September and October 1967.[3] When he declined, they next turned to California Congressman Don Edwards, Idaho Senator Frank Church, Canadian-born economist John Kenneth Galbraith, General James M. Gavin, and South Dakota Senator George S. McGovern, all of whom similarly declined. Finally in mid-October 1967 Lowenstien approached Minnesota Senator Eugene McCarthy and found to his surprise that the Senator was willing. 'Somebody has to raise the flag,' [4] McCarthy remarked. Six days later, in a meeting with Lowenstein and another liberal leader McCarthy made his decision definite. "You guys have been talking about three or four names. I think you can cut the list down to one now." [5]

Johnson's thoughts of running received a fresh blow on March 12 when McCarthy shocked the country by winning 42 percent of the New Hampshire primary,[6] at which point Kennedy belatedly entered the race, splitting the anti-war opposition between two candidates. On Sunday evening, March 31, at the close of his speech on Vietnam, Johnson declared that, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President".[7] Johnson had withdrawn from the 1968 Democratic candidate race.

McCarthy and Kennedy received more than 5.3 million votes[8] in the Democratic primaries, far more than any other candidates. Kennedy's candidacy ended with his assassination after the California primary. Lowenstein and many other antiwar activists remained committed to McCarthy, seeing Kennedy's late entry as opportunistic and divisive.

References

  1. ↑ Hall, Simon (2006). And Freedom: The Civil Rights And Antiwar Movements in the 1960s. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-8122-1975-3.
  2. ↑ Gould, Lewis L. 1968: The Election that changed America (Chicago 1993), p. 20
  3. ↑ Gould. 1968: The Election that changed America, p. 21
  4. ↑ Gould. 1968: The Election that changed America, p. 21
  5. ↑ Gould. 1968: The Election that changed America, p. 21
  6. ↑ Dallek, Robert. Flawed Giant, Lyndon Johnson and his times 1961-1973 (Oxford 1998), p. 527
  7. ↑ Dallek. Flawed Giant, p. 529
  8. ↑