Downeaster

Downeaster
A Downeaster train passing the Ballardvale MBTA Commuter Rail station
Overview
Service type	Regional rail
Status	Operational
Locale	New England
Predecessor	Pine Tree Flying Yankee Speed Merchant
First service	December 15, 2001
Current operator(s)	Amtrak/Northern New England Passenger Rail Authority
Ridership	1,530 daily 559,977 total (FY13)[1]
Route
Start	Boston, Massachusetts
Stops	12
End	Brunswick, Maine
Distance travelled	145 miles (233 km)
Average journey time	3 hours 25 minutes
Service frequency	Five daily round trips
Train number(s)	679-699
On-board services
Class(es)	Business class Reserved coach
Catering facilities	Downeaster Café
Technical
Rolling stock	Amfleet coaches
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Operating speed	max:79 miles per hour (127 km/h)
Track owner(s)	MBTA, Pan Am Railways
Route map Legend 145 mi  233 km  Brunswick 136 mi  219 km  Freeport 116 mi  187 km  Portland 104 mi  167 km  Old Orchard Beach 100 mi  161 km  Saco-Biddeford 90 mi  145 km  Kennebunk(2015) 84 mi  135 km  Wells Maine New Hampshire 68 mi  109 km  Dover 62 mi  100 km  Durham–UNH 51 mi  82 km  Exeter New Hampshire Massachusetts 34 mi  55 km  Haverhill 13 mi  21 km  Woburn 0 mi  0 km  Boston North Station Amtrak Downeaster (interactive map)

The Downeaster is a 145-mile (233 km) regional passenger train service, managed by the Northern New England Passenger Rail Authority (NNEPRA, created by the State of Maine), and operated by Amtrak. Named for the Down East region of Maine, the train runs from North Station in Boston Massachusetts, to Brunswick, Maine, with 10 intermediate stops. The train operates five daily round trips between Portland and Boston, two of which continue to Brunswick.

In fiscal year 2013, the Downeaster carried 560,000 passengers.^[1] In November 2012, service was extended to Freeport and Brunswick, an expansion expected to add 36,000 annual riders.^[2]

Route

In November 2012, the Downeaster traveled through Wakefield, Massachusetts, on the inner Haverhill Line during track work on the Lowell Line.

The Downeaster uses the MBTA's Lowell Line from Boston's North Station to Wilmington, the Wildcat Branch to Wilmington Junction, and the Haverhill Line to the Massachusetts-New Hampshire state line. From there to Portland, it uses the Pan Am Railways Freight Main Line. All of these lines were once part of the Boston and Maine Railroad; the part south of Wilmington Junction was once the mainline and a branch of the Boston and Lowell Railroad, and the rest was the mainline of the B&M.

If the Downeaster were to run solely on the Haverhill Line, it would conflict with the local commuter rail service, since the Amtrak train makes no stops between Woburn and Haverhill. By using the Wildcat Branch to cross between the Lowell and Haverhill lines, the Downeaster can pass a Haverhill train.

Connections

The Downeaster offers several transit connections:

• Brunswick: Maine Eastern Railroad excursion service to Rockland. Beginning in 2014 this will be a timed transfer; previously the two services were not timed to allow connections.^[3]
• Portland: Concord Coach Lines service to Bangor.
• Haverhill: MBTA Haverhill Line commuter rail
• Woburn: MBTA Lowell Line commuter rail; Massport Logan Express bus to Logan International Airport.
• Boston: MBTA Green Line and Orange Line rapid transit; Fitchburg Line, Lowell Line, Haverhill Line, and Newburyport/Rockport Line commuter rail; 4 local bus, and water taxis

The Downeaster is separated from the rest of Amtrak’s system because there is no link between Boston's train stations. Downeaster passengers continuing south from Boston on Amtrak must take MBTA subway trains to Back Bay Station or South Station.

Services

The Downeaster offers two classes of service: Reserved Coach and Business Class. All seats have electrical outlets, and Amtrak Connect (Amtrak's Wi-Fi (wireless internet) service) is available.^[4] All trains have a cafe car that sells snacks, light meals, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages.^[5]

Some Downeaster trains carry volunteers, coordinated by Trainriders Northeast, to inform passengers about destinations, attractions, and transfers.^[4][6]

History

Previous service

The Downeaster follows the route historically used by the Pine Tree and Flying Yankee trains that traveled from Bangor to Boston and were operated jointly by the Boston & Maine Railroad and Maine Central Railroad. All passenger operations between Portland and Boston ceased in 1965.

Planning for new service

At the urging of Maine's congressional delegation, Amtrak in 1990 estimated the cost of creating passenger rail service at about $50 million: $30 million for infrastructure improvements and another $20 million for equipment. The following year, Amtrak agreed to provide the equipment at no charge to the State of Maine. Earlier in that same year, the Maine State Legislature adopted its first citizen-initiated bill, the "Passenger Rail Service Act", which was endorsed by the Maine DOT and signed by the governor. In 1992, Maine voters approved a $5.4 million rail bond for right-of-way improvements, and $60,000 was granted to the Maine DOT to design a Portland intermodal terminal. Later that year, Congress approved $25.5 million for more right-of-way improvements, and 1993 saw an additional $9.5 million in track improvements. By the end of 1994, total appropriations for infrastructure had reached $38.6 million. In 1995, then-governor Angus King and Commissioner of Transportation John Melrose ordered the creation of a passenger rail authority; TrainRiders/Northeast worked with the state Chamber of Commerce and industry, Maine DOT, and others to convince the Maine Legislature to create the Northern New England Passenger Rail Authority in August.^[7]

Start of service

A typical Downeaster consist containing 4 coaches, 1 business/cafe car, a NPCU, and a GE Genesis P42

Service was initially expected to start in the 1990s. Negotiations between NNEPRA, Amtrak, and Guilford Industries (now Pan Am Railways) began in 1996, but began to fail over many factors, including equipment weight and speed limits. In December 1998, a speed limit of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) was agreed upon; the following year, the Federal Surface Transportation Board approved a limit of 79 miles per hour (127 km/h). Most right-of-way improvements were complete in 2000, but the following year, start-up was delayed again when Guilford refused to allow Amtrak to test track modulus or run trains faster than 59 miles per hour (95 km/h).^[7] The Downeaster made its first run on December 15, 2001.^[8]

Service improvements

In August 2007, top speeds were increased from 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) to 79 miles per hour (127 km/h), cutting 20 minutes from trips between Portland and Boston. The first expansion of Downeaster service came that month, when the improvements made it possible to increase from four to five daily round trips from Portland to Boston.^[7]

In 2011, the Downeaster was the first Amtrak train to offer free Wi-Fi service and E-ticketing.^[9]

Brunswick extension

A Downeaster special train at Brunswick Maine Street Station in June 2012, 5 months before the start of service

Service to Brunswick was originally intended to begin within five years of the Downeaster's 2001 launch, but was delayed by lack of funding and other obstacles. Ground was broken in October 2008 for the Brunswick Maine Street Station, a retail development that included shops, condominiums, an inn, and office space. In January 2010, NNEPRA received a $35 million grant from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 for track and signal upgrades for the Portland-Brunswick line.^[10] Pan Am Railways began work on the line in summer 2010, and on May 14, 2012, the platforms in Brunswick and Freeport were declared complete.^[11] Service began on November 1, 2012.^[12]

Ridership and finances

Between December 2001 through 2005, annual ridership ranged from 250,000 to 300,000 passengers. Since 2005, ridership has increased an average of 13.1% per year, excluding calendar year 2009, which saw ridership shrink by 4.7%. In fiscal 2008, the Downeaster was Amtrak's fastest-growing service, with ridership up 22.9% from the previous year. In fiscal 2011, ridership topped 500,000 for the first time.^[13][14] Fiscal 2013 was the Downeaster's busiest year. Compared to fiscal 2012, ridership rose 6.1% to 559,997 passengers (about 1,530 passengers a day), while ticket revenue rose 6.1% to $8.2 million.^[1] The extension to Freeport and Brunswick is expected to boost ridership by 36,000.^[2]

The line's busiest station is North Station in Boston. The busiest station in Maine is the Portland Transportation Center, while Exeter is New Hampshire's busiest.

In fiscal year 2012 the Downeaster generated $8.1 million in revenues, of which $7.4 million was from ticket sales.^[15] As of 2013, operational costs were around $15m annually,^[16] $5.6 million of which is covered by Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) funding,^[17] $8.1 million in revenues, and $1.8 in operating subsidy from the State of Maine.^[16] The state governments of Massachusetts and New Hampshire do not pay to operate the train, while 42% of the overall ridership consisted of trips within or between those two states.^[15]

Economic impact

A 2008 study by the Chicago-based Center for Neighborhood Technology suggested that the Brunswick extension, combined with commercial developments along the "Downeaster Corridor", could generate several billion dollars in construction investments plus $55 million annually in tax revenue for the state of Maine.^[18]

In 2013, the Northern New England Passenger Rail Authority estimated that the Downeaster has an annual economic impact of $12 million from visitors to Maine, and directly or indirectly employs 200 people.^[19]

Future plans

Speed and service frequency

Future plans include operating one or two additional round trips between Portland and Boston (6 or 7 round trips daily).^[20]

The route the Downeaster follows is designated by the Federal Railroad Administration as a potential high-speed rail corridor. If the Northern New England Corridor were funded and completed as proposed, passenger trains would travel at up to 110 miles per hour (177 km/h) between Boston, Portland, and Lewiston.

In 2009 the rail authority applied for federal stimulus money to increase train speeds – cutting 10 to 12 minutes off the current travel time – and increase the number of daily round trips from five to seven.^[21] No money was ever awarded for this project.

Proposed layover facility

Downeaster trains laying over at the Portland Transportation Center in 2004. A controversial layover facility in Brunswick would replace this outdoor storage.

As of 2014, Downeaster trains are stored outdoors in Portland.

A layover facility is planned in Brunswick to store three trainsets under cover, allowing a third daily Brunswick-to-Boston trip.^[20][22] The project was approved by the Federal Railroad Administration, which determined that there would be little impact on the local environment, and construction was slated to run from summer 2013 until late 2014.^[23] However, local opposition has delayed the project. Neighbors of the planned location have demanded further environmental studies, saying they believe the facility would hurt nearby areas.^[24]

In March 2014, Governor Paul LePage added his objections to the location, saying it would hurt his efforts to create jobs at the Brunswick Landing complex. LePage suggested two alternate locations in eastern Brunswick which might promote economic activity without what he called "undue negative consequences" on neighborhoods.^[25] On July 8, 2014, a Maine judge threw out the stormwater permit issued to NNEPRA, saying that NNEPRA had not given proper notice to property abutters.^[26]

In July 2014, several Democratic state legislators asked NNEPRA Director Patricia Quinn to build the facility instead in an existing rail yard in South Portland. They urged NNEPRA to focus on what they called the "core product" of Boston-Portland service, to expand service to the Lewiston/Auburn area, and to add a second track to single-track portions of the line.^[27]

Kennebunk station

In October 2012, NNERPA agreed to add a station stop at Kennebunk, Maine. Like Old Orchard Beach, it will be a seasonal stop only open from April to October. Plans call for a temporary platform for service in 2015, with a permanent platform constructed with $300,000 in town money and $800,000 in state money for 2016. A small section of the former Boston & Maine depot building will be leased for use as a waiting area.^[28]

Lewiston-Auburn extension

In April 2013, NNEPRA announced that a plan to expand passenger rail service to Lewiston–Auburn, Maine's second-largest metropolitan area, would be released later in the year.^[16]

See also

• Railroad history of Portland, Maine

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Downeaster.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Downeaster.

Route map: Bing

• Official website
• Amtrak - Routes - Northeast - Downeaster
• TrainRiders Northeast
• Northern New England Passenger Rail Authority