Douglas Bruce

For other people named Douglas Bruce, see Douglas Bruce (disambiguation).
Douglas Bruce
Member of the Colorado House of Representatives
from the 15th district
In office
January 14, 2008[1] – January 7, 2009[2]
Preceded by Bill Cadman
Succeeded by Mark Waller
Member of the El Paso County
Board of Commissioners
from the 2nd district
In office
January 11, 2005[3] – January 15, 2008[4]
Preceded by Tom Huffman[5]
Succeeded by Amy Lathen[6]
Personal details
Born August 26, 1949[7]
Los Angeles, California
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) none[8]
Profession Real Estate

Douglas Edward Bruce (born August 26, 1949) is a conservative activist and former legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. He is also known for being the author of Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR).

A strict advocate for limited government, Bruce wrote and promoted TABOR, a spending limitation measure approved by Colorado voters in 1992; his name is so associated with the measure that attempts to bypass its restrictions are known as "de-Brucing." After two unsuccessful campaigns for the Colorado State Senate in 1996 and 2000, Bruce was eventually elected to the El Paso County, Colorado county commission in 2004. While a county commissioner, Bruce was noted for frequently falling on the losing sides of 4-1 votes, and for disputes with county staff and fellow commissioners on numerous occasions.

Bruce was appointed to a vacant seat in the Colorado House of Representatives in December 2007 and represented House District 15, which encompasses eastern Colorado Springs.[9] After kicking a Rocky Mountain News photographer on the day he was sworn in, Bruce became the first legislator in Colorado history to be formally censured; he was later removed from a House committee overseeing veterans affairs after refusing to sponsor a ceremonial resolution honoring veterans. Although defeated for election to a full term in the August 2008 Republican Party primary, Bruce has continued his activism to reduce government expenditures and taxes in Colorado and in Colorado Springs in particular before being indicted for a decades-worth of criminal activity for "cheating" Colorado out of millions under the guise of charity and anti-tax activism.[10] In 2011, Douglas Bruce was convicted of all counts in the indictment, including four counts of felony criminal activity including money laundering, attempted improper influence of a public official, and tax fraud after he was discovered to be using a small-government charity he founded to hide millions of dollars from the state department of revenue. He was sentenced on February 13, 2012 to a total of 180 days in jail, ordered to pay a total of $49,000 in fines, and subject to six months of probation which includes extensive disclosure requirements.[11]

Early career

Born in Los Angeles, California, Bruce graduated from Hollywood High School,[12] at the age of 16[13] and then from Pomona College with a double major in history and government.[12] He completed a law degree from the University of Southern California's Gould School of Law in 1973,[14] and worked as a Los Angeles County deputy district attorney from 1973 to 1979, resigning amid frustration with the court system.[7]

In 1980, Bruce ran a largely self-financed campaign for the California State Assembly, running in the Democratic Primary for the 38th Assembly district, which, at that time, centered on Pacific Palisades and Malibu. Running with the campaign slogan "Specifics, Not Safe Generalities," Bruce ran what a local newspaper described as "something of an anomaly—a law and order primary campaign by a Democrat." Bruce lost by five percentage points in a high-turnout primary; his opponent, Steven Afriat, narrowly lost the general election to Republican Marian la Follette.[7]

Move to Colorado and rental properties

During the late 1970s, Bruce acquired a number of rental properties in the Los Angeles area, which he managed full-time after leaving the district attorney's office. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Bruce was embroiled in several protracted tax disputes with the Internal Revenue Service. In 1986, Bruce acquired several properties in Colorado Springs and moved to Colorado permanently. Shortly before moving to Colorado, Bruce changed his political party affiliation from Democrat to Republican.[7]

In addition to his Colorado Springs properties, Bruce acquired rental properties in Denver and Pueblo, Colorado. He has been cited repeatedly by law and code enforcement officials regarding the upkeep of his properties,[15] although most of the dozens of citations brought against him have been overturned.[16] In connection with charge of operating an unsafe building, Bruce spent eight days in jail in 1995 on a contempt of court citation.[17] In response to the numerous complaints filed against him, Bruce has questioned the constitutionality of city code provisions, and accused city officials of selective prosecution and carrying out a "vendetta" against him personally.[16]

In 2003, Bruce announced that he intended to sell his rental properties in order to devote more time to political activism,[17] but was cited by Colorado Springs for keeping dilapidated properties as recently as 2007.[18] In 2008, Bruce was cited by Colorado Springs for two properties they considered "dilapidated," in part because of windows boarded up under orders from the city, but the charges were ultimately dropped when Bruce sold the buildings.[19] Shortly before his August 2008 legislative primary, Colorado Springs declared a four-plex owned by Bruce as "dilapidated;" Bruce responded that he had put money into repairing the building and readying it for sale.[20] In early 2010, Colorado Springs told Bruce that it would charge him $40,000 to restart water service at seven of his rental properties, a charge that Bruce said amounted to political retaliation, but that city staff justified by noting of the properties had been abandoned.[21]

Taxpayer's Bill of Rights

Although similar tax-limitation measures had been rejected by voters over the previous decades, in 1988, Bruce authored and led the campaign that was eventually successful in enacting TABOR, a "Taxpayer Bill of Rights," in Colorado. Among other provisions, TABOR mandated voter approval of any tax increases and constrained state government spending to grow at a rate no greater than the rates of population growth and inflation. Although TABOR did not pass in 1988, garnering only 42% of the vote in a statewide reference, Bruce revised the measure and it was placed on the ballot again in 1990, when it received 49% support. A third attempt in 1992 was successful, and TABOR was passed with 54% of the vote and became part of Colorado's constitution.[22][23] In 1997, TABOR's restrictions on state spending were triggered for the first time, resulting in refunds to taxpayers.[24]

During these campaigns, Bruce was the primary spokesperson for TABOR, often trading barbs with TABOR opponent and Colorado governor Roy Romer. In one frequently-cited incident, Romer likened the TABOR proposal to "economic terrorism;" in response, Bruce printed personal business cards reading "Douglas Bruce: Terrorist."[22][25][26][27] The passage of TABOR was Bruce's most prominent political accomplishment; years later, Bruce's personalized license plate read "MRTABOR."[28][29] Bruce also wrote and successfully passed a similar spending limitation measure in Colorado Springs in 1991.[17] The statewide and local effects of TABOR on government finances led Colorado College political science professor Bob Loevy, in 2009, to call Bruce "the most influential Colorado politician of his time."[24]

Since the passage of TABOR in 1992, hundreds of local jurisdictions in Colorado have sought voter approval to temporarily or permanently exceed the spending limitations of TABOR, measures which became known as "de-Brucing," in reference to TABOR's author. By 2007, over half of Colorado's school district and counties had "de-Bruced," as had many municipalities.[24][30][31] TABOR's budget restrictions were frequently cited by officials in Bruce's native El Paso County as resulting in deficiencies in health, law enforcement, and administrative services,[32] and on the state level, creating financial difficulties for higher education.[33]

In 2005, after several years of tight budgets brought about by recession, the spending limitations of TABOR, and other budgetary obligations, the Colorado General Assembly referred Referendum C, a statewide "de-Brucing" measure, to Colorado voters.[25] Bruce was a vocal opponent of Referendum C, facing off against supporters including Gov. Bill Owens, who had supported the original passage of TABOR.[34] Referendum C, which was ultimately passed by voters, authorized a five-year "time-out" from some of TABOR's spending restrictions.[35] Although Bruce threatened a lawsuit against the state of Colorado if the referendum passed, the measure was ultimately enacted into law, raising state revenue by several billion dollars.[36]

In 2008, following his term in the state legislature, Bruce argued against a measure to reverse some of the spending restrictions of the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights.[37] The initiative, known as the Savings Account for Education, would divert refunds given to taxpayers under TABOR to a special fund for K-12 education. Bruce opposed the measure in legislative hearings and then filed a legal challenge once House Speaker Andrew Romanoff, its primary proponent, sought to place the measure on the Colorado ballot as a citizen initiative.[38] The measure was ultimately placed on the November 2008 statewide ballot as Amendment 59, and Bruce launched a website opposing it.[39]

State Senate campaigns

Bruce's first attempt to seek elected office in Colorado came in 1996, when Bruce challenged incumbent Republican state senator Ray Powers in the Republican Party primary. Bruce lost to Powers, who went on to become the Colorado State Senate President.[40] Because of the negativity of Bruce's campaign against Powers, Bruce was the only person banned from Powers' ranch, a frequent site for Colorado Springs Republican fundraisers.[41]

Bruce also ran unsuccessfully for the Colorado State Senate in 2000, losing a hotly contested Republican party primary to Ron May in the solidly Republican district. Running with the slogan "Ron May, but Bruce will," Bruce faced institutional opposition from statewide Republican leaders, including Governor Bill Owens, who had once supported Bruce's TABOR initiatives.[42] May ultimately won by only 112 votes.[17]

El Paso County Commissioner

2004 election

Bruce sought election to the El Paso County, Colorado, county commission in 2004, winning the Republican Party nomination by defeating Colorado Springs councilwoman Maraget Radford in the party primary.[43] In the general election, Bruce defeated Democrat Stanley Hildahl and two Republicans who ran as write-in candidates with the backing of some party leaders.[5][44][45] Bruce won the general election with 58% of the vote.[46] Bruce self-funded his campaign, refusing to accept outside donations.[47]

Policy positions

While serving on the El Paso County Commission, Bruce was frequently the only opposition to measures supported by the other four county commissioners.[48] He cast the only vote against implementing mail ballot elections,[49] against county interference in the proposed incorporation of Falcon, Colorado (although he also opposed the incorporation),[50] against a package of road improvement projects recommended by the Colorado Department of Transportation,[51] against the appointment of County Administrator Jeff Greene,[52] against stricter building codes for mobile homes,[53] and against awarding a county grant to an anti-poverty agency, calling it handouts for "deadbeats."[54]

He was unsuccessful in attempting to reduce the number of paid holidays taken by county employees,[55] but was instrumental in lowering property tax rates[56] and in negotiating the expansion of a gravel pit operation.[57] He also spoke in favor of turning over management of the county fair to a volunteer organization[58][59] and called for the number of volunteer boards and commissions to be reduced.[60][61] Bruce was also outspoken in support of deportation for illegal immigrants,[62] and went against his normal practice of refusing to support ceremonial resolutions[61] to support a resolution in favor of the creation of an Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in El Paso County.[63]

Conflicts with county staff and commissioners

When Bruce joined the commission, he sought to have his salary of over $60,000 per year directed to charity, per a campaign promise. Designating Active Citizens Together, an educational non-profit he helped found, as the recipient, Bruce sought to have the county not withhold income tax from his checks, as the money would go directly to charity and he would receive no direct personal benefit. After ten months of disputing arrangements with county staff, Bruce agreed to accept checks with taxes and deductions withheld.[64] In 2007, Bruce attempted to use the non-profit group to donate copies of the U.S. Constitution for local school districts to distribute to graduating seniors; several districts refused his donation on logistical grounds or policies forbidding distribution of external material.[65][66] The nonprofit group has purchased tens of thousands of copies of the constitution, with the goal of giving one to every graduating high school senior in Colorado.[24][67]

Because of his opposition the methods used to finance its construction, Douglas Bruce, as a county commissioner in 2005, objected to the placement of his name on a plaque marking county support of the El Paso County Terry R. Harris Judicial Complex. (pictured)

He also refused to accept a VIP pass from the Colorado Springs Airport, characterizing it as a "bribe;"[68] he also objected to the introduction of public prayer during county commission meetings.[69] Bruce also objected to the inclusion of his name (alongside other county commissioners) on a plaque marking county support of a new courthouse expansion, threatening to physically remove his name from the plaque;[70] his opposition to financing methods for the courthouse had been a driving factor behind his 2004 county commission campaign.[71]

Bruce's debating and speaking style during county commission meetings led to occasional conflicts with county staff and other commissioners. During his first year, an escalating series of disputes with Commissioner Sallie Clark led to her ruling, at a meeting which she chaired, that Bruce was not allowed to discuss Colorado Springs city politics.[72] In 2006, Bruce was also accused of intervening in a county bidding process for a copying contract in favor of a campaign supporter.[73]

In 2006, El Paso County Attorney Bill Louis denounced Bruce as a "narcissist, sociopath and crackpot enabler" for supporting Colorado's Amendment 38, a referendum designed to ease rules for petitioning measures onto election ballots. Bruce and Louis verbally tangled after Louis called Bruce's tactics "guerrilla" and Louis announced: "I plan to do everything in my limited power to make sure that [Bruce's tenure in elected office] comes to an end at some point for the good not only of this community but for all of Colorado and the nation."[74]

Tensions also rose during Bruce's final weeks on the county commission, as he sought a vacancy committee's appointment to the state legislature. Bruce criticized county staff for being unresponsive to his inquiries, and Sheriff Terry Maketa responded by accusing Bruce of harming the morale of county staff, and told Bruce that he supported his bid for the legislature in order "to put you in an environment that will match your ineffectiveness," a statement applauded by other county staff. During his final commission meetings, Bruce was also repeatedly cut off by other commissioners during his comments; other members of the commission described his behavior as an increase in "grandstanding" prior to the vacancy committee's meeting.[48]

Activism in Colorado Springs

In June 2000, Bruce was called to appear as a potential juror for a sexual assault trial in Colorado Springs. During the jury selection process, Bruce distributed leaflets written by the Fully Informed Jury Association in support of jury nullification. After defense attorneys objected to Bruce's actions, the presiding judge dismissed Bruce and 50 other potential jurors who had received the fliers, resulting in a two-week delay for the trial.[75]

Bruce authored two measures, Issues 200 and 201, which appeared on the November 2006 Colorado Springs election ballot, and would have reduced the city's sales tax rate, eliminated its property tax, and restricted the city's ability to borrow money.[76] The legality of the measures was challenged by city officials; the dispute rose to the Colorado Court of Appeals, which ruled in favor of the measures' placement on the ballot.[77] Bruce also unsuccessfully contested both the editing of statements of support for the measures in ballot summaries mailed to voters,[78] and what he claimed was deceptive wording in other taxation measures that election.[79][80]

Bruce was also the subject of several criminal citations — first in May 2006, stemming from charges that he campaigned against a tax increase for the Falcon Fire Protection District at a polling place closer than the legal 100-foot (30 m) limit,[81] and then in August 2009, when he and another man were charged with trespassing after being asked by police to stop soliciting signatures outside a Costco[82] for the second time in a year.[83][84] Bruce alleged that the City of Colorado Springs attempted to "bully" him and violate his First Amendment rights, a charge city officials denied.[85] A trial was eventually held after paperwork errors,[86][87][88] a tainted jury pool,[89][90] and claims by Bruce of selective prosecution;[91] after a three-day trial, both were acquitted.[92] Bruce later filed an unsuccessful complaint alleging professional misconduct by the case's prosecutor and judge. [93][94]

Colorado House of Representatives

Appointment, swearing-in, and censure

On the morning before being sworn in, Bruce kicked a Rocky Mountain News photographer while on the floor of the Colorado House of Representatives (pictured). For this action, Bruce became the first legislator in Colorado history to be officially censured.

In October 2007, Bruce was chosen over two other Republican contenders for the state house seat vacated by Rep. Bill Cadman, following a short but contentious battle for the appointment. Bruce received two-thirds of the votes from the 66-member vacancy committee.[95] Although eligible to be sworn in immediately after his appointment was certified, Bruce postponed the oath of office in order to be eligible to serve a full four terms beyond the partial term under Colorado's term limits rules, an action which was criticized by both Republican and Democratic lawmakers.[96] His delay led to the enactment of legislation requiring legislators to be sworn in within 14 days of their selection.[97] Bruce cast the only dissenting vote on the measure.[98]

Bruce also demanded to be sworn in in front of the full house, a request denied by both Republican and Democratic leadership.[99][100] He acquiesced to an individual swearing-in ceremony on January 14 after House Republicans voted 22-1 to call for a representative to be named for District 15 if Bruce did not take the oath of office by the end of the day.[1]

On the morning before he was sworn in, Bruce kicked a Rocky Mountain News photographer who took Bruce's picture during the prayer; Bruce accused the photographer of "violating the order and decorum" of the house, and refused to apologize, describing his action instead as a "nudge or a tap."[28] A six-member legislative panel recommended 6-0 that Bruce be censured by the House for his actions.[101] On January 24, the full House of Representatives voted 62-1 to censure Bruce. He became the first representative in the recorded history of the state house to be formally censured.[102]

Legislative agenda

For the 2008 session of the Colorado General Assembly, Bruce was named to seats on the House Finance Committee and the House State, Veterans, and Military Affairs Committee.[103] Before the session began, Bruce denounced much of the House Republican caucus' legislative agenda as "streamlining socialism."[104] Bruce was similarly critical of the proposed state budget debated during the 2008 legislative session;[105] however, his budget amendment proposals were unsuccessful.[106][107]

All of the legislation introduced by Bruce died in House committees, including proposals to distribute copies and require instruction on the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution to high school seniors,[108][109] to prohibit counties from assessing any charges other than property taxes on property tax bills,[110] to raise legislative pay and index pay to inflation,[111] and to create a bipartisan panel to draw up Colorado's congressional and legislative districts.[112]

Bruce routinely objected to the practice of attaching a "safety clause" to bills, the inclusion of which declares the bill an "necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety," enacting it into law sooner and prohibiting challenges to the legislation via the petition process.[113] He offered amendments to a number of bills to remove the safety clause,[114] which often failed on account of legislators' personal hostility towards him;[115] however, in 2008, 41% of bills passed had no safety clause, up from 25% the previous year.[116] Bruce also opposed proposals to raise signature requirements for citizen-initiated constitutional amendments,[117][118] and opposed a bill to impose new requirements on landlords, despite criticism that voting on the measure constituted a conflict of interest.[119][120]

Removal from committee

Consistent with Bruce's practice as a county commissioner,[121] Bruce opposed ceremonial resolutions in the legislature, and on February 13, was the lone legislator who refused to sign on as a cosponsor to a resolution recognizing Military and Veterans Appreciation Day.[122] Other Republican legislators denounced Bruce in a public letter for "callous indifference" towards veterans,[123] and Republican Minority Leader Mike May removed Bruce from the House State, Veterans and Military Affairs Committee.[124] Bruce offered as evidence of his support for veterans his successful amendment to a house bill to include interest in a state repayment to the Colorado Veterans Trust Fund, a move which resulted in an additional $636,000 repaid to the fund.[125] Bruce would later cite this as one of his major accomplishments during the 2008 session.[115]

"Illiterate peasants" comments

On April 21, 2008, Bruce voiced opposition during house debate on a bill sponsored by Rep. Marsha Looper to create a guest worker program to facilitate temporary employment visas for agricultural workers from Mexico. After speaking against illegal immigration and being advised to restrict comments to the bill by debate chair Rep. Kathleen Curry, Bruce took the floor a second time and commented:

“ I would like to have the opportunity to state at the microphone why I don't think we need 5,000 more illiterate peasants in Colorado." ”

Bruce was immediately gavelled to order by Rep. Kathleen Curry, who ruled that he would no longer be recognized during debate on the bill.[126][127] Bruce's comments were denounced by legislators on both sides of the aisle,[128] as well the Mexican consulate in Denver.[129] Bruce proudly defended his remarks as being factually accurate, citing dictionary definitions of "illiterate" and "peasant."[129][130] Legislators responded to Bruce's propensity for generating controversy by declaring that they would "start ignoring him."[131][132] The following weekend, Bruce's comments were the target of a local protest in Colorado Springs.[133][134][135][136]

2008 election

Attorney and Air Force veteran Mark Waller (pictured) defeated Bruce for the 2008 Republican Party nomination for the state house.

Bruce announced in November 2007 that he would stand in the 2008 general election for the House District 15 seat.[137] He faced a challenge for the Republican nomination from attorney and Iraq War veteran Mark Waller.[95] Bruce funded his own campaign with over $30,000 of personal funds, refusing to accept private campaign donations;[47][138] Waller, however, received endorsements or contributions from at least five sitting state representatives,[139] and Colorado Attorney General John Suthers.[139] Waller received 57% of the vote at the Republican assembly in March, claiming the top line on the August Republican primary ballot;[140] he did not differ publicly with Bruce on political positions, but argued that Bruce's temperament caused him to be an ineffective legislator.[141]

Both Bruce and Waller accused each other of inappropriate conduct while campaigning; Bruce was accused of inappropriately distributing campaign flyers to Republican representatives on the House floor,[142][143] of mailing flyers promoting his charity shortly before the primary,[144] and of inappropriately listing endorsements on his web site.[145] In turn, Bruce filed several campaign finance complaints against Waller,[146] one of which resulted in Waller's campaign being fined for failing to properly disclose a campaign contribution.[147] Ultimately, Bruce was defeated for the Republican nomination in the August 12 party primary, taking 48 percent of the vote to Waller's 52 percent.[148]

Post-legislative activism

Colorado Springs

In 2007, Bruce began a series of challenges to the City of Colorado Springs' creation of a Stormwater Enterprise Fee, which he contended amounted to an illegal tax collected by a government entity. After his first attempt at a ballot measure to end the fee was held to violate Colorado's single subject rule,[149][150] Bruce gained permission for a second petition following a year-long battle over wording,[151] and placed the measure on the November 2008 ballot following struggles to collect the necessary number of signatures[152][153][154] but were rejected by voters.[155]

Bruce was again successful at placing a measure targeting the Stormwater Enterprise on the ballot in 2009, despite challenges from the city that signatures were not submitted in time,[156][157][158] but not after Bruce lost disputes over the wording of the ballot measures.[159] Bruce's Issue 300 was passed by voters with about 55 percent of the vote, and mandated that enterprise payments to Colorado Springs be phased out over eight years.[160] Bruce and city officials disputed, even before the election, as to whether his measure would apply to the city's Stormwater Enterprise Fee;[161][162][163] and after threatening to launch a ballot initiative to cut property taxes after an initial 5-4 vote by the city council over two years,[164][165] the city council then voted 5-4 to phase out the authority immediately.[166] Bruce, however, objected to the city council's proposed implementation of the initiative, which would allow the city to collect payments from the authority in exchange for services rendered. Bruce claimed that this would "undo the plain meaning of issue 300,"[167][168] and made similar claims regarding a local government restructuring proposal made by Colorado Springs mayor Lionel Rivera.[169]

In March 2010, Bruce filed suit against the city of Colorado Springs and its city council, charging that they had illegally hired outside legal counsel. He also accused the council members of receiving benefits greater than that authorized by law.[170]

In June 2010, Bruce filed a ballot measure to dramatically expand the powers of the city's mayor, including eliminating the positions of city manager, chief financial officer, and communications staff, as well as giving the mayor power to veto ordinances, lower taxes, and excuse city code violations.[171][172]

Statewide ballot measures

Although Bruce attempted to distance himself from three statewide ballot measures aimed at limiting Colorado governments' power to raise and borrow money, several petitioners for the measures were linked to Bruce[173] through records showing that they temporarily resided at one of his Colorado Springs apartment buildings,[174] and through their past work on TABOR initiatives in other states and petitioning for Bruce's Issue 300 in Colorado Springs.[175][176] The three measures — Amendment 60, Amendment 61 and Proposition 101 — would impose restrictions or tax cuts, eliminate governments' ability to borrow money without voter approval, cut the state income tax from 4.63 to 3.5 percent, and eliminate vehicle ownership taxes.[177][178]

Opponents of the ballot measures filed a complaint alleging the backers violated Colorado campaign finance laws by failing to disclose contributions and expenditures. Bruce was subpoenaed to testify in a hearing related to the case in March,[179] but contested the summons unsuccessfully. During the month of May 2010, the state attempted 29 times to serve a notice of a court order testify to Bruce at his Colorado Springs residence; Bruce stated that he was out of town at the time, although both notices and delivered newspapers were removed during that period.[180][181]

At a hearing in late May, one of the ballot measures' sponsors, Michelle Northrup, testified that she had met with Bruce before the measures were filed and that he provided advice on submitting the initiates and other legal matters.[182][183] In early June, an administrative law judge ruled that the evidence showed Bruce was behind the three measures and imposed fines on their proponents,[184][185][186] and state attorney general John Suthers' office stated that they would seek a contempt citation against Bruce in district court.[185][187][188]

Crime, trial, conviction and sentence

In 2010, Douglas Bruce was charged with money laundering, attempted bribery of a public official, and tax fraud after he was discovered to be using a small-government charity, he founded, to hide millions of dollars from the state taxman, pocketing interest and using the funds to further his political agenda.[10] The case went to trial during which Bruce acted as his own attorney and, after eight days of trail, on Dec 22, 2011, after only four hours of deliberation, jurors convicted Bruce on four counts.[10] On 13 February 2012 he was sentenced to two consecutive 90 day jail terms and six months of probation, during which he will have to make extensive financial disclosures to the court aimed to ensure he does not become a repeat offender. This was less than the two years of prison the District Attorney had asked for. He was also ordered to pay around $21,000 to cover the cost of prosecution and about $29,000 to cover the taxes that were owed.[11]

State Assistant Attorney General Robert Shapiro said,"Mr. Bruce, for personal, selfish and narcissistic reasons, took advantage of our charitable-giving process. He was able to cheat Colorado for the better part of a decade."[10] Douglas Bruce defiantly denounced the trial, saying without contrition, "This was the dirtiest trial I have seen in 38 years, regardless of the outcome."[10] On February 13, 2012, Denver District Judge Anne Mansfield sentenced Bruce to six months in jail and six years on probation, imposing strict conditions that will require him to disclose in detail his financial life, even allowing the government access to his personal computers.[189][190] Mansfield said she doubts Bruce will successfully complete his probation as Bruce himself would show up tardy to trial and introduced evidence by throwing documents onto the floor, the judge said. “The defendant has absolutely no regard for the rule of law. His behavior during trial was reprehensible,”Manfield said.[189][190] Assistant Attorney General Robert Shapiro said the outcome was fair, “Mr. Bruce’s life is going to be extremely transparent. That’s all we ever wanted,” he said.[189][190] Bruce remained defiant, saying, “They will be able to have my body, but they cannot have my soul,” he said.[189][190] Bruce began serving his sentence 17 February 2012.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Barge, Chris; Alan Gathright (14 January 2008). "Bruce alive and kicking in House". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  2. ↑ "House Journal - January 7, 2009" (PDF). Colorado General Assembly. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
  3. ↑ Armstrong, Ari (January 2005). "Bruce Sworn in as Commissioner". Colorado Freedom Report. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  4. ↑ Brown, Jennifer (15 January 2008). "Kick helps get Bruce off on wrong foot with colleagues". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Naomi, Botkin (2004). "Republicans split over Bruce candidacy". Cos Online. Archived from the original on 2006-09-22. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  6. ↑ Rappold, R. Scott (20 January 2008). "Lathen promises a different tone". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 DeGette, Cara (August 24, 1994). "Douglas Edward Bruce -- Colorado dreamin'". Colorado Springs Independent.
  8. ↑ Woundy, Kirk; Ralph Routon (31 December 2009). "Flipping through the decade". Colorado Springs Independent. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
  9. ↑ "State House District 15". COMaps. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Fender, Jessica (2011-12-22). "Douglas Bruce convicted of tax evasion, faces prison time". Denver Post.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Schroyer, John (2012-02-14). "Judge slams Bruce's attitude, sends TABOR father to jail". The Gazette.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Background". Douglas Bruce. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
  13. ↑ Bartels, Lynn (25 April 2008). "Doug Bruce is in the house". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
  14. ↑ "Douglas Bruce - Class of 1973". USC Gould School of Law. Archived from the original on 2008-05-24. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
  15. ↑ DeGette, Cara (August 3, 2000). "The landlord's cribs". Colorado Springs Independent. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Prendergast, Alan (May 16, 2002). "Vendetta". Westword. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Swanson, Perry (August 14, 2003). "Bruce leaving landlord business". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  18. ↑ Vogrin, Bill (5 August 2007). "Owners of dilapidated buildings get final notice". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  19. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (21 May 2008). "City drops building case against Douglas Bruce". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  20. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (18 July 2008). "Bruce under fire for empty property". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  21. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (22 February 2010). "Bruce slammed with utility fees". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Sealover, Ed (October 23, 2007). "A confident Bruce says he will seek appointment to house seat". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  23. ↑ "Conference by Douglas Bruce" at Francisco Marroquin University. Guatemala, May 2004
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Brown, Andrea (5 April 2009). "Dream City series: Douglas Bruce's impact on the region". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Couch, Mark P. (September 15, 2005). "Bruce is still on a mission". Denver Post. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  26. ↑ Patel, Vimal (25 October 2005). "Story 2 of 5: Douglas Bruce and Freedom". Rocky Mountain Collegian. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
  27. ↑ DeGette, Cara (30 November 2006). "Toppling King Kong". Colorado Springs Independent. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Barge, Chris (15 January 2008). "House kicks up an investigation". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  29. ↑ Hanel, Joe (4 January 2010). "Bruce's baby is loved by Republicans, feared by Democrats". Durango Herald. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  30. ↑ Swanson, Perry; Kyle Henley (March 28, 2007). "Taking the teeth out of TABOR". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  31. ↑ Gardner-Smith, Brent (26 June 2009). "The frustrated taxpayer’s guide to special districts". Aspen Daily News. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  32. ↑ Auge, Karen (1 March 2009). "Home of TABOR in a pinch". Denver Post. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  33. ↑ Kirk, Siegler (14 December 2009). "Lawmaker Predicts Peril for Higher Ed". Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  34. ↑ McAvoy, Tom (October 11, 2005). "Owens, Bruce to square off on Ref C & Dn". Pueblo Chieftain. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  35. ↑ Steers, Stuart (November 2, 2005). "Muscle puts C over top". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  36. ↑ Paulson, Stephen K. (August 17, 2005). "Bruce threatens to file lawsuit if Referendum C wins voter approval". Aurora Sentinel.
  37. ↑ Hoover, Tim (22 May 2008). "Ballot budget-repair text OK'd". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  38. ↑ Hanel, Joe (1 July 2008). "Campaign starts to halt amendments". Durango Herald. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
  39. ↑ Morson, Berny (7 September 2008). "Amendment 59: does it shore up education or undermine TABOR?". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
  40. ↑ Dicker, John (June 10, 2004). "Into the blender". Colorado Springs Independent. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  41. ↑ DeGette, Cara (22 September 2008). "Ray Powers: A rich life, a dying breed". Colorado Independent. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
  42. ↑ DeGette, Cara (3 August 2000). "Grudge Match". Colorado Springs Independent. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
  43. ↑ Michael, De Yoanna (October 7, 2004). "Null takes on Bruce". Colorado Springs Independent. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  44. ↑ Perry, Swanson (October 4, 2004). "Lively race keeps with District 2 tradition". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  45. ↑ Swanson, Perry (October 23, 2004). "Area's political brass support write-in Null". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  46. ↑ "2004 General Election". El Paso County Election Summary Reports. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
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  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Mitchell, Carlyn Ray (2 November 2007). "Tension high as Bruce slams county". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  49. ↑ Mitchell, Carlyn Ray (13 October 2007). "Voters should get mail-in ballots as early as today". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  50. ↑ Wilson, Jennifer (9 May 2007). "Falcon cityhood faces flak". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  51. ↑ Staff Reports (3 August 2007). "County tags $2.3M for handful of road projects". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  52. ↑ Hethcock, Bill (20 October 2006). "Commissioners OK Greene". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  53. ↑ Hethcock, Bill (15 February 2006). "Documents emphasize fire hazards in old trailers, backing new policy". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  54. ↑ Staff Reports (31 March 2006). "The week in review". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  55. ↑ Mitchell, Carlyn Ray (1 January 2008). "Bruce’s bid to reduce paid holidays fails". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  56. ↑ Mitchell, Carlyn Ray (17 December 2007). "County lowers ‘08 property tax rate". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  57. ↑ McKeown, Bill (17 October 2007). "County OKs expansion of gravel pit". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  58. ↑ Swanson, Perry (23 September 2004). "Commissioner candidates vary on how to save county fair". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  59. ↑ Reuther, Jane (2 December 2005). "County to eliminate fair chief". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  60. ↑ Swanson, Perry (3 February 2005). "County looks for volunteers". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
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  62. ↑ Staff Reports (2 April 2006). "Immigration issues and trends locally and in the West". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  63. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (7 September 2007). "Rumor has it Hefley quietly went to Oklahoma". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  64. ↑ Swanson, Perry (16 November 2005). "Bruce, county end pay". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  65. ↑ Newsome, Brian (21 August 2007). "2 districts don’t care for Bruce’s civic gift". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  66. ↑ Editorial Board (1 May 2010). "OUR VIEW: Schools balk at constitutions from Bruce (vote in poll)". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  67. ↑ "Exciting New Project for ACT". Active Citizens Together. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  68. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (30 November 2007). "Columnist: Mr. Mayor goes to Paris — but don’t expect a souvenir". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  69. ↑ Hethcock, Bill (22 May 2006). "Bruce admonishes commissioners about public prayer". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  70. ↑ Swanson, Perry (4 November 2005). "Bruce wants name off court plaque". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  71. ↑ Swanson, Perry (20 September 2005). "Officials suggest courthouse be named for county administrator". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  72. ↑ Swanson, Perry (11 September 2005). "Bickering on agenda for Bruce, Clark". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  73. ↑ Hethcock, Bill (19 January 2006). "Bruce accused of aiding backer". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  74. ↑ Hethcock, Bill (20 October 2006). "Election 2006". Colorado Springs Gazette. Archived from the original on 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  75. ↑ DeGette, Cara (15 June 2000). "Jurors dismissed, Doug Bruce tainting alleged". Colorado Springs Independent. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  76. ↑ Laden, Rich (3 November 2007). "Costco says it will open store on Powers in ’07". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  77. ↑ Sealover, Ed (7 September 2006). "Tax measures reluctantly put on ballot". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  78. ↑ Sealover, Ed (28 September 2006). "Bruce battling initiative summaries". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  79. ↑ Henley, Kyle (5 April 2006). "Streetlight fee to stand". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  80. ↑ Sealover, Ed (28 February 2006). "A boost for parks, open space". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  81. ↑ Henley, Kyle (2 August 2006). "Complaint against Bruce probed". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  82. ↑ Pankratz, Howard (17 August 2009). "Bruce issued summons for trespassing in Springs". Denver Post. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  83. ↑ Harrison, Wayne (19 August 2009). "Douglas Bruce's Costco Arrest Was 2nd in Year". TheDenverChannel.com. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  84. ↑ St. Louis-Sanchez, Maria (18 August 2009). "Bruce wore out welcome at Costco last year". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  85. ↑ St. Louis-Sanchez, Maria (17 August 2009). "Bruce accuses city of 'bullying' him with trespassing ticket". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  86. ↑ Ensslin, John C. (21 September 2009). "Judge tosses trespassing charge over Bruce's objections". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  87. ↑ Roberts, Michael (22 September 2009). "The Douglas Bruce-Costco battle limps on". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  88. ↑ Thaxton, Zach (7 December 2009). "Douglas Bruce Trial: Citing Officer's Competence Questioned". KRDO. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  89. ↑ Ensslin, John C. (13 December 2009). "Jury tampering delays Bruce trespassing trial". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  90. ↑ Anderson, Samantha (13 November 2009). "Tainted Jury Delays Douglas Bruce Trial". KRDO. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  91. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (10 December 2009). "Bruce blankets city with subpoenas in trespassing case". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  92. ↑ Ensslin, John C. (7 December 2009). "Jury: Bruce not guilty of trespassing at Costco". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  93. ↑ Ensslin, John C. (21 December 2009). "Douglas Bruce files complaint in trespassing case". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  94. ↑ Ensslin, John C. (8 January 2010). "Watchdog agency dismisses Bruce complaint". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 Sealover, Ed (3 December 2007). "GOP chooses Bruce to fill House seat". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  96. ↑ Sealover, Ed (5 December 2007). "Douglas Bruce plans a late start in house". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  97. ↑ Davidson, Michael (22 February 2008). "Bill aims to head off Bruce-like late shows". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  98. ↑ Davidson, Michael (9 April 2008). "House OKs bill requiring legislators to take office within 14 days". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  99. ↑ Sealover, Ed (12 January 2008). "Bruce wants things his way". The Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
  100. ↑ Gathright, Alan (12 January 2008). "Bruce demands audience for oath". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
  101. ↑ Brown, Jennifer (18 January 2008). "House panel chides Bruce over kick". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  102. ↑ Staff Reports (24 January 2008). "House censures Douglas Bruce". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  103. ↑ "House Committees of Reference". Colorado General Assembly. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  104. ↑ DeGette, Cara (11 January 2008). "Douglas Bruce's Message To His Party: No! No! No!". Colorado Confidential. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  105. ↑ Staff Reports (27 March 2008). "Roll call, March 27". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  106. ↑ Sealover, Ed (26 March 2008). "House Dems thwart GOP efforts to pare down state budget". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  107. ↑ Slater, Jane (26 March 2008). "House Takes Up State's Budget". TheDenverChannel.com. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  108. ↑ Sealover, Ed (18 January 2008). "Assembly Glance: Thursday in review". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-01-19.l
  109. ↑ Davidson, Michael; Ed Sealover (1 February 2008). "Assembly glance". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  110. ↑ Sealover, Ed; Michael Davidson (19 February 2008). "Tuesday in the General Assembly". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  111. ↑ "Colo. Plan Would Limit Lawmaker Pay". Conde Nast Portfolio.com. Associated Press. 22 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  112. ↑ Davidson, Michael (28 March 2008). "2 bills seek to change how Colorado's electoral districts are drawn". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  113. ↑ Staff Reports (16 January 2008). "Bruce rips legislation's "safety clause."". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  114. ↑ Sealover, Ed (16 January 2008). "Venerable "safety clause" an early Bruce target". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  115. ↑ 115.0 115.1 Sealover, Ed (1 March 2008). "Douglas Bruce: A pariah or a beleaguered reformer?". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
  116. ↑ Hanel, Joe (28 June 2008). "Bruce wins small changes on "safety clause"". Durango Herald. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
  117. ↑ Hanel, Joe (10 April 2008). "Panel: Make it tougher to amend constitution". Durango Herald. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  118. ↑ Hanel, Joe (2 May 2008). "Liberal groups, Bruce join forces". Durango Herald. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
  119. ↑ Hoover, Tim (24 April 2008). "House gives initial OK to bill on tenant rights". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
  120. ↑ Staff Reports (24 April 2008). "Bruce Defends Voting On Landlord-Tenant Bill". TheDenverChannel.com. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
  121. ↑ Sealover, Ed (14 February 2008). "Bruce riles GOP over veterans resolution". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  122. ↑ Gathright, Alan; Daniel J. Chacon (13 February 2008). "Bruce snubs military tribute". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  123. ↑ Zelinger, Marshall (13 February 2008). "Rep. Doug Bruce Refuses To Honor Military". KRDO.com. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  124. ↑ Chacon, Daniel J. (15 February 2008). "Rep. Bruce tossed off panel". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  125. ↑ Sealover, Ed; Michael Davidson (15 February 2008). "Bruce yanked off veterans committee". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  126. ↑ Staff Reports (21 April 2008). "Bruce: Illegal immigrant workers are 'illiterate peasants'". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
  127. ↑ Barge, Chris; Alan Gathright (21 April 2008). "Rebukes envelop Bruce". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  128. ↑ Davidson, Michael (21 April 2008). "Bruce calls farmworkers 'illiterate peasants'". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
  129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 Paulson, Steven K. (21 April 2008). "Colo. lawmaker removed from podium over Mexicans remark". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2008-05-04. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
  130. ↑ Fender, Jessica (21 April 2008). "Bruce barred from speaking after 'illiterate' remark". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
  131. ↑ Hoover, Tim (22 April 2008). "No ethics probe for Bruce over Mexican comment". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
  132. ↑ Brennan, Charlie (23 April 2008). "Threats in Wake of Bruce Controversy". MyFoxColorado.
  133. ↑ Espinoza, Annette (27 April 2008). "Bruce quote sparks protest". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
  134. ↑ Jessup, Terry (27 April 2008). "Migrant Workers Protest Bruce's 'Peasant' Comments". CBS4Denver.com. Archived from the original on 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
  135. ↑ Ingold, John (24 April 2008). "Brigade of Bruce defenders fires e-mail barrage". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
  136. ↑ Davidson, Michael (24 April 2008). "Legislative glance: Wednesday in Review". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
  137. ↑ Martinez, Julia C. (November 27, 2007). "Douglas Bruce among three vying for House seat". Denver Post. Archived from the original on 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2007-11-27.
  138. ↑ Swanson, Perry (7 August 2008). "POLITIGAB: Thousands spent in primary runs". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 Slevin, Colleen (12 August 2008). "Douglas Bruce fighting to keep seat in Legislature". CBS4Denver.com.
  140. ↑ Sealover, Ed (8 March 2008). "Bruce knocked to No. 2 on the ballot". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  141. ↑ Swanson, Perry (12 July 2007). "Waller has a tough fight in race with Douglas Bruce". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  142. ↑ Sealover, Ed (1 April 2008). "Bruce draws fire over fliers". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  143. ↑ Ingold, John; Jessica Fender (1 April 2008). "Bruce fliers bring rebuke". Denver Post. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  144. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (8 July 2008). "Politigab: Jeff Crank launches another radio ad". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  145. ↑ Sealover, Ed (21 July 2008). "Backers named on Bruce Web site say endorsement from 2004". Rocky Mountain News. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  146. ↑ Swanson, Perry (27 July 2008). "Bruce, Waller face off". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  147. ↑ Swanson, Perry (4 September 2008). "Waller campaign fined for failing to report funds". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  148. ↑ Swanson, Perry (12 August 2008). "Waller defeats Bruce". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  149. ↑ Huspeni, Dennis (11 October 2007). "Date set for Bruce to dispute fees". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  150. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (1 August 2007). "Is stormwater a city entity?". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  151. ↑ Stanley, J. Adrian (26 June 2008). "Forever indebted". Colorado Springs Independent. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
  152. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (23 May 2008). "THE SPYGLASS: Bruce says help with enterprise petitions dried up when he left". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  153. ↑ Singer, Eric (15 May 2008). "Douglas Bruce Petition Push". KRDO. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  154. ↑ Zubeck, Pam (17 June 2008). "Bruce gets signatures to put anti-Stormwater plan on ballot". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  155. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (2 April 2009). "City going after delinquent Stormwater fees". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  156. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (5 August 2009). "Bruce disputes missing deadline to turn in ballot petitions". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  157. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (26 August 2009). "Mayor's poll broke the law, media lawyer says". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  158. ↑ Staff Report (1 September 2009). "Douglas Bruce Initiative to be on November Ballot". KKTV. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  159. ↑ Ensslin, John C. (9 September 2009). "Judge rejects Bruce ballot challenge". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  160. ↑ Rappold, R. Scott (3 November 2009). "Voters give Bruce victory, but battle over stormwater fee isn't over". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  161. ↑ Toda, Dean (29 September 2009). "Did Bruce misfire with latest assault on stormwater fee?". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  162. ↑ Rappold, R. Scott (16 October 2009). "Is Issue 300 all about Stormwater? Bruce says yes; city says no". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  163. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (4 November 2009). "City officials facing reality: making do with millions less". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  164. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (24 November 2009). "Stormwater Enterprise to end in 2011". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  165. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (20 November 2009). "Cut stormwater or I'll cut taxes, Bruce threatens city". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  166. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (16 December 2009). "Stormwater Enterprise will keep equipment while work continues". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  167. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (21 December 2009). "Council, Bruce disagree about proposed 'issue 300' ordinance". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  168. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (11 January 2010). "Bruce balks at city’s attempt to implement issue 300". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  169. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (9 April 2010). "Rivera floats strong-mayor concept for November". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-04-33. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  170. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (9 March 2010). "Bruce accuses city attorney of charter violations in latest lawsuit". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  171. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (9 June 2010). "Ballot measure would ban Springs marijuana shops". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  172. ↑ Watts, Lindsay (9 June 2010). "Douglas Bruce Wants To Cut City Staff". KRDO.com. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  173. ↑ Bartels, Lynn (22 February 2010). "Taxes, spending: Reaction sharp to Colo. ballot issues". Denver Post. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  174. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (26 January 2010). "Douglas Bruce tied to 3 anti-tax initiatives". Denver Post. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  175. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (28 January 2010). "Petition circulators no strangers to tax limitation measures". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  176. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (26 January 2010). "Petition circulators link Bruce to statewide ballot initiatives". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  177. ↑ Corbell, Beverly (25 February 2010). "State Amendments on Nov. Ballot Would Sharply Cut Services". Telluride Watch. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  178. ↑ Marcus, Peter (6 January 2010). "Group challenges anti-tax ballot proposals". Denver Daily News. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  179. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (3 May 2010). "AG wants to compel Douglas Bruce to testify in campaign finance hearing". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  180. ↑ Hoover, Tim (29 May 2010). "Colorado has tried to serve Douglas Bruce 29 times". Denver Post. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  181. ↑ Chacon, Daniel (8 June 2010). "Douglas Bruce: "I went to Pennsylvania. So what?"". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  182. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (24 May 2010). "Witness ties Douglas Bruce to three ballot measures". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  183. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (26 May 2010). "Hearing lifts veil on campaign for disputed measures". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  184. ↑ 185.0 185.1 Welsome, Eileen (11 June 2010). "Judge singles out Bruce, fines supporters of ballot measures". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  185. ↑ Hoover, Tim (12 June 2010). "Judge rules evidence proves Douglas Bruce behind 3 anti-tax initiatives". Denver Post. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  186. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (26 May 2010). "A.G. may seek court action against Douglas Bruce". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  187. ↑ Welsome, Eileen (11 June 2010). "Attorney general wants Bruce found in contempt". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  188. ↑ 189.0 189.1 189.2 189.3 Fender, Jessica. "Doug Bruce sentenced to 180 days in jail, six years of strict probation for tax evasion". Denver Post.
  189. ↑ 190.0 190.1 190.2 190.3 The Durango Herald 02/14/2012 | Doug Bruce gets jail time in tax case

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