Dorival Caymmi
| Dorival Caymmi | |
|---|---|
 Caymmi at Rádio Nacional in 1938 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Dorival Caymmi |
| Born |
April 30, 1914 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil |
| Origin | Salvador, Bahia, Brazil |
| Died |
August 16, 2008 (aged 94) Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Genres | Samba, bossa nova |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | 1933–2008 |
| Labels |
Odeon Columbia Continental RCA Victor Elenco Phonogram Funarte Som Livre Universal EMI |
| Associated acts |
Tom Jobim João Gilberto Nana Caymmi Dori Caymmi Danilo Caymmi |
Dorival Caymmi (April 30, 1914 – August 16, 2008) was a Brazilian singer, songwriter, actor, and painter active for more than 70 years beginning in 1933. He contributed to the birth of Brazil's bossa nova movement, and several of his samba pieces, such as "Samba da Minha Terra", "Doralice" and "Saudade da Bahia", have become staples of Música popular brasileira.[1] Equally notable are his ballads celebrating the fishermen and women of Bahia, including "Promessa de Pescador", "O Que É Que a Baiana Tem?", and "Milagre". Caymmi composed about 100 songs in his lifetime, and many of his works are now considered to be Brazilian classics. Both Brazilian and non-Brazilian musicians have covered his songs.
Ben Ratliff of The New York Times wrote that Caymmi was "perhaps second only to Antônio Carlos Jobim in 'establishing a songbook of [the 20th] century’s Brazilian identity.'"[2] Throughout his career, his music about the people and culture of Bahia influenced Brazil's image in the eyes of both Brazilians and foreigners.[3] Caymmi was married to Brazilian singer Stella Maris for 68 years, and the couple's children, Dori Caymmi, Danilo Caymmi, and Nana Caymmi, are also prominent musicians. Each debuted professionally by accompanying their father onstage and in recordings.[4]
Early life
Caymmi was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Durval Henrique Caymmi, the great-grandson of an Italian immigrant, and Aurelina Soares Caymmi, a native Bahian. He had two younger sisters, Dinahir and Dinah, and a younger brother, Deraldo.[5] His father, a civil servant, often played the piano, guitar, and mandolin at home, and his mother, a housewife, sang regularly. He participated in his church's choir for much of his childhood.[1] At age 13, he left school to work as a journalist at Bahian newspaper O Imparcial.[1][3][4] When O Imparcial went out of business two years later, he took up work as a street vendor.[1]
Although he never formally studied music, Caymmi taught himself to play guitar in the late 1920s and began to compose, sing, and play his own songs on Bahian radio programs around 1930.[1] He first achieved widespread recognition in 1933, when at age 16, he composed the song "O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?" ("What Is It About Bahian Women?") for singer Carmen Miranda.[2][3] In 1936, at age 22, he won a songwriting contest at Salvador's annual Carnaval celebration. His prize was a pink satin lampshade.[1] Despite his early musical success, he moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1938 with intentions to pursue a law degree and to return to working as a journalist.[2][3] While employed there by the newspaper Diários Associados, he spent his spare time composing and singing songs on the radio show Dragão da Rua Larga. His popularity began to grow with the show's audience.[1]
Career
Overview
I have written 400 songs, and Caymmi 70. But Caymmi has 70 perfect songs, and I do not.
Many of Caymmi's lyrics pay homage to the lifestyle, beaches, fishermen, and women of his native Bahia.[3] He drew much of his inspiration from music indigenous to northeastern Brazil, especially Afro-Brazilian music and samba.[4] He recorded for more than five decades and released about 20 albums, sometimes singing and playing guitar as a soloist and at other times accompanied by bands and orchestras.[2] Although active for the better part of the 20th century, Caymmi wrote only about 100 songs.[4] Despite having a relatively small body of work, Caymmi held a reputation for composing songs of exceptional quality. He occasionally collaborated with Jobim, who called him a "universal genius" and Brazil's greatest composer.[4] Many contemporary Brazilian artists, including Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil and Beth Carvalho cite Caymmi as a significant influence on their music.[4]
Chronology
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"Samba da Minha Terra" (1940)
 Chorus of "Samba da Minha Terra" |
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"O Que É Que a Baiana Tem?" gained even more fame in Brazil when Miranda performed it in the 1939 film Banana-da-Terra, and it was this song that garnered her international attention and helped launch her career. After this success, Caymmi began to focus more on making music, and he wrote songs that appeared in other Brazilian films.[2][4] In late 1939, he signed with Odeon Records and recorded his first three singles, "Rainha do Mar/Promessa de Pescador" ("Queen of the Sea/Promise of the Fisherman"), "Roda Pião" ("Top Wheel"), and "O Que É Que a Baiana Tem?/A Preta do Acarajé" ("What Is It About Bahian Women?/The Dark Woman from Acarajé").[7] He came to more attention in the early 1940s when he performed as a regular on the Brazilian radio network Rádio Nacional. He recorded "Samba da Minha Terra" ("Samba of My Homeland") in 1940 and "A Jangada Voltou Só" ("The Raft Returned Alone") in the following year.[1] In 1944, he performed his own "Acontece Que Eu Sou Baiano" ("It Just So Happens That I'm Bahian") in the movie Abacaxi Azul (Blue Pineapple).[4] In the late 1940s, he was a member of the samba-canção movement largely founded by his sometime creative rival, composer Ary Barroso. Other prominent Brazilian musicians of the day covered several of his songs, including Dick Farney, who famously recorded Caymmi's "Marina" (1944) in 1947.[1] In 1957 Caymmi wrote "Suíte do Pescador", which appeared in the film The Sandpit Generals.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Jobim, João Gilberto, and others who contributed to the birth of the bossa nova style collaborated with Caymmi and often referenced his work when composing their own pieces. During this era, Gilberto covered several of Caymmi's songs, including "Rosa Morena" ("Dark-skinned Rose") and "Saudade da Bahia" ("Longing for Bahia"). Jobim was particularly enamored of Caymmi's music, and the two grew to be close friends.[1] American lyricist Ray Gilbert translated Caymmi's "Das Rosas" into English in 1965, and it was released in the United States as "And Roses and Roses".[1][2] The song was recorded by Brazilian vocalist Astrud Gilberto and by American singers Andy Williams and Perry Como.[2] Williams's version became a hit, and as a result, Caymmi was invited to spend four months in Los Angeles, where he performed, filmed a television show, and recorded an LP record.[1]
Collaboration with Jorge Amado
Caymmi was a lifelong friend of Bahian author Jorge Amado, and in 1945, he set one of Amado's politically driven poems to music to aid the senatorial campaign of Luís Carlos Prestes.[1][4] In the late 1970s, Caymmi again took inspiration from Amado when he composed "Modinha para a Gabriela" ("A Little Song for Gabriela"), a musical adaptation of Amado's novel Gabriela, Cravo e Canela (Gabriela, Cloves and Cinnamon). Perhaps the best-known product of Caymmi and Amado's collaboration is the song "É Doce Morrer no Mar" ("It's Sweet to Die in the Sea"), which the two wrote over dinner one night at Amado's home. Other songs they co-wrote include "Beijos pela Noite" ("Kisses Through the Night"), "Modinha para Teresa Batista" ("A Little Song for Teresa Batista"), "Retirantes" ("Migrants"), and "Essa Nega Fulô" ("This Feisty Dark Lady").[1]
Awards and honors
To thank Caymmi for bringing international attention to Brazilian music and culture, in 1968, the governor of Bahia presented Caymmi with a house in Salvador, and so he returned to live in his hometown for a short period of time. In 1972, Caymmi was awarded the Order of Merit of the State of Bahia, an order given to Bahian residents for excellent service to the state. In Caymmi's case, the service was bringing pride and honor to Bahian people through the widespread dissemination of his music about life there. On Caymmi's 70th birthday, in 1984, French Minister of Culture Jack Lang presented him with the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, a French order that recognizes significant contributors to the fields of art and literature, in Paris. The following year, a new street named Avenida Dorival Caymmi (Dorival Caymmi Avenue) opened in Salvador. In 1986, Rio de Janeiro's famed Mangueira samba school based its Carnaval performance on Caymmi's life and work, and the school won the annual parade-style samba competition.[1]
Personal life
When I think about Brazilian music, I will always think of Dorival Caymmi. He is an incredibly sensitive person, an incredible creation. And this is to say nothing of the painter in him, because Dorival is also a wonderful painter.
Although Caymmi earned his fame through music, he was also known to a lesser degree for his paintings. From 1943 to 1945, he regularly attended a drawing and painting class at the Escola de Belas Artes, a fine arts school in Rio de Janeiro. Even after discontinuing his formal study, he painted for the rest of his life. He practiced Candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian religion characterized by belief in spirit-gods and ritualistic practices involving mediumship. Candomblé was his father's religion, and Caymmi gradually involved himself more with it as an adult, when his friends invited him to accompany them to religious ceremonies and parties. Caymmi was also a naturist, and when he was in Bahia, he liked to bathe nude in the Lagoa do Abaeté (Abaeté Lagoon) with a group of friends.[1] He stated to the newspaper Valor Econômico: "We rolled around in palm leaves and slipped through the mountains of sand. Some people didn't like this, but most understood that we weren't naked for unclean reasons."[1]
Marriage
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"Milagre" (1977)
Caymmi sings a duet with his daughter, Nana, in "Milagre". |
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While working at Rádio Nacional in 1939, he met Brazilian vocalist Adelaide Tostes, who is better known by her stage name Stella Maris, and the two married in 1940.[3][4] Tostes responded to a 1994 press query about Caymmi's habit of frequenting bars with a short story: "One night I went to look for him in a bar ... He was surrounded by women. I went in and slammed a table. A glass broke. The bouncer came, and I punched Caymmi's face. Then I left cussing. I thought he was involved with drugs, but it wasn't the case. He was with the tramps."[4] Despite such incidents, however, they remained together for 68 years, until his death in 2008.[2] The couple had three children, Nana, Danilo, and Dori, all of whom followed their father into musical careers.[4]
Politics
Although Caymmi rarely incorporated political messages into his music, he often spoke bitterly about the government's corruption. Jorge Amado, his close friend, was sent into exile for several years after he publicly criticized the country's rulers during the period of military dictatorship. In 1994, Caymmi said, "I have concluded that to act as a citizen in Brazil today is to live a joke. It's the same as playing the lotto, dreaming about nonsense, trying to get rich when you are 80."[4]
Death
Dorival Caymmi died at age 94 of kidney cancer and multiple organ failure on August 16, 2008, at his home in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro.[4][9] His granddaughter, Stella, who wrote a biography about him in 2001, said, "He did not know that he had cancer, and he did not want to know. He did not ask much about this. He was first hospitalized in 1999. My grandfather went through with treatment, but he did not want to know anything about the illness. He acted with serenity every day, and because of that, we respected this wish."[10]
Reception and legacy
Brazilian singer and composer Carlos Lyra praised Caymmi's style for its "suave and romantic colloquialism."[11] In a 1994 anthology of Caymmi's work, Antônio Carlos Jobim wrote in the introduction, “Dorival is a universal genius. He picked up the guitar and orchestrated the world.”[2] In 2001, New York Times journalist Ben Ratliff wrote that Caymmi was "perhaps second only to Antônio Carlos Jobim in 'establishing a songbook of this century’s Brazilian identity.'"[2] On the day of Caymmi's death in 2008, Brazilian composer and musician Tom Zé said, "It's difficult to comprehend just how valuable a CD of Caymmi's beach songs from the 1940s is."[10] Also around the time of Caymmi's death, President of Brazil Luis Inácio Lula da Silva called him "one of the founders of Brazilian popular music."[2] Several of Caymmi's contemporaries, including Gal Costa and Olivia Hime, have recorded tributes to him.[7][12]
Discography
Albums
Prior to 1988, all of Caymmi's albums were released as LP records. His last four albums were released as CDs.[7]
| Year | Title | Label |
|---|---|---|
| 1954 | Canções Praieiras | Odeon |
| 1955 | Sambas | Odeon |
| 1957 | Eu Vou pra Maracangalha | Odeon |
| Caymmi e o Mar | Odeon | |
| 1958 | Ary Caymmi e Dorival Barroso | Odeon |
| 1959 | Caymmi e Seu Violão | Odeon |
| 1960 | Eu Não Tenho Onde Morar | Odeon |
| 1964 | Caymmi Visita Tom | Elenco |
| 1965 | Caymmi | Odeon |
| 1967 | Vinicius e Caymmi no Zum Zum | Elenco |
| 1972 | Caymmi | Odeon |
| 1973 | Caymmi Também É de Rancho | Odeon |
| 1984 | Setenta Anos | Funarte |
| 1985 | Caymmi, Som, Imagem e Magia | Sargaço Produções |
| 1987 | Família Caymmi | |
| 1988 | Família Caymmi em Montreux | Odeon |
| 1994 | Caymmi em Família | Som Livre |
| 1996 | Caymmi Inédito | Universal |
| 2000 | Caymmi: Amor e Mar | EMI |
Singles
All of Caymmi's singles were released as 78 rpm gramophone records.[7]
| Year | Title | Label |
|---|---|---|
| 1939 | Rainha do Mar/Promessa de Pescador | Odeon |
| Roda Pião | Odeon | |
| O Que É Que a Baiana Tem?/A Preta do Acarajé | Odeon | |
| 1940 | O Mar (I)/O Mar (II) | Columbia |
| Navio Negreiro/Noite de Temporal | Odeon | |
| 1941 | É Doce Morrer no Mar/A Jangada Voltou Só | Columbia |
| Essa Nega Fulô/Balaío Grande | Columbia | |
| 1943 | O Mar (l)/O Mar (ll)[A] | Continental |
| É Doce Morrer no Mar/A Jangada Voltou Só[A] | Continental | |
| Essa Nega Fulô/Balaío Grande[A] | Continental | |
| 1945 | Dora/Peguei Um Ita no Norte | Odeon |
| 1946 | A Vizinha do Lado/Trezentos e Sessenta e Cinco Igrejas | Odeon |
| 1947 | Marina/Lá Vem a Baiana | RCA Victor |
| 1948 | Cantiga/Sodade Matadera | RCA Victor |
| A Lenda do Abaeté/Saudades de Itapoã | RCA Victor | |
| 1949 | O Vento/Festa de Rua | RCA Victor |
| 1952 | Não Tem Solução/Nem Eu | Odeon |
| 1953 | Tão Só/João Valentão | Odeon |
| 1954 | A Jangada Voltou Só/É Doce Morrer no Mar[A] | Odeon |
| Quem Vem pra Beira do Mar/Pescaria (Canoeiro) | Odeon | |
| 1956 | Maracangalha/Fiz uma Viagem | Odeon |
| Saudades de Itapoã/A Lenda do Abaeté[A] | Odeon | |
| Sábado em Copacabana/Só Louco | Odeon | |
| 1957 | 2 de Fevereiro/Saudades de Itapoã | Odeon |
| Acalanto/História pro Sinhozinho | Odeon | |
| Saudade da Bahia/Roda Pião | Odeon | |
| 1960 | Rosa Morena/Acalanto | Odeon |
| São Salvador/Eu Não Tenho Onde Morar | Odeon |
Tributes
| Year | Artist | Title | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | Gal Costa | Gal Canta Caymmi | Phonogram |
| 2002 | Olivia Hime | Mar de Algodão: As Marinhas de Caymmi | Biscoito Fino |
| 2004 | Various | Caymmi: 90 Anos – Mar e Terra | BMG |
- Note
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 [http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Epoca/0,6993,EPT703614-1655,00.html "Biografia: Dorival Caymmi, o mais 'baiano' dos grandes nomes da Música Popular Brasileira [Biography: Dorival Caymmi, the most 'Bahian' of the great names of MPB]"] (in Portuguese). Época (Editora Globo). Archived December 11, 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 Martin, Douglas (August 19, 2008). "Dorival Caymmi, singer of Brazil, is dead at 94". The New York Times (Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.). Archived May 21, 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Dorival Caymmi". AllBrazilianMusic. CliqueMusic Editora Ltda. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Bernstein, Adam (August 18, 2008). "Dorival Caymmi, 94; Noted Brazilian composer, singer". The Washington Post (Katharine Weymouth). Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ↑ Caymmi, Stella (2001) (in Portuguese). Dorival Caymmi: O Mar e o Tempo [Dorival Caymmi: The Sea and the Weather]. São Paulo: Editora 34 Ltda. p. 47. ISBN 85-7326-224-9.
- ↑ Dodsworth, Alexey. "Touro e os prazeres sensorias [Taurus and the sensory pleasures]" (in Portuguese). personare.com. Personare. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 "Dorival Caymmi – Discografia [Dorival Caymmi – Discography]" (in Portuguese). Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira. Instituto Cultural Cravo Albin. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ↑ "O último samba de Dorival Caymmi [Dorival Caymmi's last samba]" (in Portuguese). Jornal de Notícias (Controlinveste). August 17, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ↑ [http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Musica/0,,MUL726071-7085,00-DORIVAL+CAYMMI+MORRE+AOS+ANOS+NO+RIO.html "Dorival Caymmi morre aos 94 anos no Rio [Dorival Caymmi dies at age 94 in Rio]"] (in Portuguese). G1. Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A. August 16, 2008. Archived September 13, 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Araújo, Glauco (August 16, 2008). [http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Brasil/0,,MUL726089-5598,00-CAYMMI+FOI+UM+GRANDE+HOMEM+DIZ+DONA+CANO.html "'Caymmi foi um grande homem,' diz dona Canô ['Caymmi was a wonderful man,' says dona Canô]"] (in Portuguese). G1. Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A. Archived October 25, 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- ↑ Bernstein, Adam (August 25, 2008). "Brazilian composer enjoyed wide influence". Los Angeles Times (Eddy Hartenstein). Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Dorival Caymmi discography". Slipcue.com. Archived June 2, 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
External links
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