Desquamative gingivitis
| Desquamative gingivitis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | K05.1 (ILDS K05.130) |
| ICD-9 | 523.10 |
Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is an erythematous (red), desquamatous (shedding) and ulcerated appearance of the gums.[1] It is a descriptive term and can be caused by several different disorders.[2]
Signs and symptoms
Desquamative gingivitis involves lesions of the free and attached gingiva. Unlike plaque-induced inflammation of the gums (normal marginal gingivitis), desquamative gingivitis extends beyond the marginal gingiva, involving the full width of the gingiva and sometimes the alveolar mucosa.[3] The term "full width gingivitis" usually refers to the oral lesions of orofacial granulomatosis however.[4] The color is another dissimilarity between typical marginal gingivitis and desquamative gingivitis, in the latter it is dusky red.[3] Plasma cell gingivitis is another form of gingivitis which affects both the attached and free gingiva.[1]
Differential diagnosis
Desquamative gingivitis is a descriptive clinical term, not a diagnosis.[1] Dermatologic conditions cause about 75% of cases of desquamative gingivitis, and over 95% of the dermatologic cases are accounted for by either oral lichen planus or cicatricial pemphigoid.[1] The exact cause of desquamative gingivitis cannot be determined about a third of cases.[1]
- Oral lichen planus[1]
- Cicatricial pemphigoid[1] or less commonly bullous pemphigoid[1]
- Pemphigus vulgaris[1]
- Linear immunoglobulin A disease[1]
- Dermatitis herpetiformis[1]
- Lupus erythematosus[1]
- Chronic ulcerative stomatitis[1]
- Chronic bacterial, fungal, and viral infections[1]
- Reactions to medications, mouthwashes, and chewing gum[1]
Rare causes include:
- Crohn’s disease[1]
- Sarcoidosis[1]
- Leukemia[1]
- factitious (self inflicted) lesions[1]
- Squamous cell carcinoma (can be mistaken for desquamative gingivitis)[1]
History
This condition was first recognized and reported in 1884, but the term desquamative gingivits was not coined until 1932.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 (editors) Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA (2012). Carranza's clinical periodontology (11th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 111–126. ISBN 978-1-4377-0416-7.
- ↑ Lo Russo, L; Fedele, S; Guiglia, R; Ciavarella, D; Lo Muzio, L; Gallo, P; Di Liberto, C; Campisi, G (January 2008). "Diagnostic pathways and clinical significance of desquamative gingivitis.". Journal of periodontology 79 (1): 4–24. doi:10.1902/jop.2008.070231. PMID 18166088.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Odell EW (Editor) (2010). Clinical problem solving in dentistry (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 192. ISBN 9780443067846.
- ↑ Welbury R; Duggal M; Hosey MT (2012). Paediatric dentistry (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 319. ISBN 978-0199574919.
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