Desmichels Treaty
The Treaty of Desmichels (also known as the Desmichels Treaty) was signed on February 26, 1834 by Abdelkader and French military officials led by General Louis Alexis Desmichels. As a result of this agreement, France acknowledged Abd-el-Kader as the bey (governor) of Mascara, as well as the independent sovereign ruler of the province of Oran in Algeria.