Demographics of South Africa

Demographics of South Africa
Population of South Africa, 1961–2008
Population	52,981,991 (July 2013 est.)[1]
Growth rate	1.34%[1]
Birth rate	19.61 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Death rate	16.99 deaths/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Life expectancy	61 years (2012 est.)
• male	59 years (2012 est.)
• female	63 years (2012 est.)
Fertility rate	2.4 children born/woman (2013 est.)
Infant mortality rate	43.78 deaths/1,000
Age structure
0–14 years	28.9% (male 7,093,328/female 7,061,579)
15–64 years	65.8% (male 16,275,424/female 15,984,181)
65 and over	5.4% (male 1,075,117/female 1,562,860) (2010 est.)
Sex ratio
Total	0.99 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
At birth	1.02 male(s)/female
Under 15	1 male(s)/female
15–64 years	1.02 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.68 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	South African
Language
Official	See Languages of South Africa

The demographics of South Africa encompasses about 52 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions. The last census was held in 2011 and the next will be taken anywhere from 2016–2021.

South Africa is home to an estimated five million illegal immigrants^[2], including some three million Zimbabweans.^[3]

Population

Historical population: 1904 to 2011

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1904	5,175,463	—
1911	5,972,757	+15.4%
1921	6,927,403	+16.0%
1936	9,587,863	+38.4%
1946	11,415,925	+19.1%
1951	12,671,452	+11.0%
1960	15,994,181	+26.2%
1970	21,402,470	+33.8%
1996	40,585,568	+89.6%
2001	44,819,777	+10.4%
2007 (est.)	48,502,063	+8.2%
2011	51,770,560	+6.7%
[4][5][6][7]

U.N. population projections: 2010 to 2040

Population projections
Year	Pop.	±%
2015	53,491,000	—
2020	55,131,000	+3.1%
2025	56,666,000	+2.8%
2030	58,096,000	+2.5%
2035	59,527,000	+2.5%
2040	60,938,000	+2.4%
Source: United Nations Secretariat[8]

Age and population estimates: 1950 to 2010

According to the 2010 revision of the United Nations Secretariat's World Population Prospects, South Africa's total population was 50,133,000 in 2010, compared to only 13,683,000 in 1950. In 2010, 30.1% of the people were children under the age of 15, 65.2% were between 15 and 64 years of age, and 4.6% were 65 or older.^[9] All population estimates are rounded to the nearest thousand.

Year	Total population	Percentage under 15 years old	Percentage 15 to 64 years old	Percentage at least 65 years old
1950	13,683,000	38.6	57.8	3.6
1955	15,385,000	39.9	56.4	3.8
1960	17,396,000	40.9	55.2	3.9
1965	19,814,000	41.9	54.2	3.9
1970	22,502,000	42.1	54.5	3.4
1975	25,699,000	41.9	54.9	3.2
1980	29,077,000	41.5	55.3	3.1
1985	32,983,000	40.5	56.4	3.1
1990	36,794,000	38.9	57.9	3.2
1995	41,402,000	36.0	60.6	3.4
2000	44,760,000	33.7	62.6	3.7
2005	47,793,000	31.7	64.2	4.1
2010	50,133,000	30.1	65.2	4.6

Historical censuses

1904 Census

South African Population Figures for the 1904 Census. Source:^[4]

Colony	Cape Colony	Natal	Transvaal	Orange River Colony	Total	Percent
Black	1,424,787	904,041	937,127	225,101	3,491,056	67.5%
White	579,741	97,109	297,277	142,679	1,116,805	21.6%
Coloured	395,034	6,686	24,226	19,282	445,228	8.6%
Asiatic	10,242	100,918	11,321	253	122,734	2.4%
Total	2,409,804	1,108,754	1,269,951	387,315	5,175,463	100.0%
% of S. Africa	46.6%	21.4%	24.5%	7.5%	100%

1960 Census

Sources: Statesman's Year-Book 1967–1968;^[10] Europa Year Book 1969 ^[11]

Province	Cape of Good Hope	Natal	Transvaal	Orange Free State	Total	Percent
Bantu	3,011,080	2,199,920	4,633,378	1,083,886	10,928,264	68.3%
White	1,003,207	340,235	1,468,305	276,745	3,088,492	19.3%
Coloured	1,330,089	45,253	108,007	25,909	1,509,258	9.4%
Asiatic	18,477	394,854	63,787	7	477,125	3.0%
Total	5,362,853	2,980,262	6,273,477	1,386,547	16,003,139	100.0%
% of S. Africa	33.5%	18.6%	39.2%	8.7%	100.0%

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in South Africa has improved considerably during the past decade, but still not considered to be complete for black South Africans. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.^[9] (Natural increase or decrease over a time period is the difference between that period's live births and deaths, before accounting for inward or outward migration.)

United Nations estimates, 2010

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural Increase per year	Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000 per year)	Crude Death Rate (per 1,000 per year)	Natural Increase (per 1,000 per year)	Total Fertility Rate (over av'ge woman's life)	Infant Mortality Rate (per 100,000 live births)
1950–1955	629 000	295 000	+ 334 000	43.3	20.3	+ 23.0	6.50	96
1955–1960	697 000	297 000	+ 400 000	42.5	18.1	+ 24.4	6.50	91
1960–1965	774 000	310 000	+ 464 000	41.6	16.7	+ 25.0	6.30	87
1965–1970	808 000	312 000	+ 496 000	38.2	14.7	+ 23.5	5.70	84
1970–1975	909 000	317 000	+ 592 000	37.7	13.1	+ 24.6	5.47	77
1975–1980	980 000	319 000	+ 661 000	35.8	11.7	+ 24.1	5.00	71
1980–1985	1 052 000	307 000	+ 745 000	33.9	9.9	+ 24.0	4.56	61
1985–1990	1 086 000	299 000	+ 787 000	31.1	8.6	+ 22.5	4.00	53
1990–1995	1 073 000	332 000	+ 742 000	27.5	8.5	+ 19.0	3.34	51
1995–2000	1 082 000	450 000	+ 632 000	25.1	10.4	+ 14.7	2.95	56
2000–2005	1 111 000	645 000	+ 466 000	24.0	13.9	+ 10.1	2.80	59
2005–2010	1 074 000	746 000	+ 328 000	21.9	15.2	+  6.7	2.55	55
Total Fertility Rate = average number of children over a woman's lifetime; Infant Mortality Rate per 100,000 live births

Year	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase	Crude birth rate (per 1,000)	Crude death rate (per 1,000)	Natural increase (per 1,000)	Fertility rates (per woman)	Average population
2002	1 117 731	636 416	481 315	24,5	13,9	10,6	2,71
2003	1 119 820	674 281	445 539	24,2	14,6	9,6	2,68
2004	1 105 534	703 651	401 883	23,6	15,0	8,6	2,61
2005	1 095 999	722 075	373 924	23,1	15,2	7,9	2,56
2006	1 092 768	701 001	391 767	22,8	14,6	8,2	2,53
2007	1 098 959	657 051	441 908	22,6	13,5	9,1	2,53
2008	1 107 603	618 324	489 279	22,5	12,6	9,9	2,52
2009	1 114 301	591 135	523 166	22,3	11,8	10,5	2,51
2010	1 123 409	580 673	542 736	22,2	11,5	10,7	2,5
2011	1 109 926	579 371	530 555	21,6	11,3	10,3	2,44
2012	1 095 669	572 600	523 069	21,0	11,0	10,0	2,39
2013	1 084 397	559 631	524 766	20,5	10,6	9,9	2,34	52 982 000
2002–2013 population estimates rounded to the nearest thousand

Age and sex distribution

South African National Census of 2011

Age group	Male	Female %	Female	Total	% of S.A.
under 5	2,867,585	49.6%	2,817,867	5,685,452	11.0%
5–9	2,425,181	49.7%	2,394,570	4,819,751	9.3%
10–14	2,344,275	49.0%	2,250,611	4,594,886	8.9%
15–19	2,498,572	50.1%	2,504,905	5,003,477	9.7%
20–24	2,694,646	49.9%	2,679,896	5,374,542	10.4%
25–29	2,542,682	49.7%	2,516,635	5,059,317	9.8%
30–34	2,036,206	49.5%	1,992,804	4,029,010	7.8%
35–39	1,709,347	50.7%	1,758,420	3,467,767	6.7%
40–44	1,402,328	52.4%	1,546,291	2,948,619	5.7%
45–49	1,195,740	54.4%	1,424,543	2,620,283	5.1%
50–54	1,011,349	54.4%	1,206,940	2,218,289	4.3%
55–59	811,950	54.8%	985,458	1,797,408	3.5%
60–64	612,364	55.8%	773,404	1,385,768	2.7%
65–69	401,548	58.1%	556,256	957,804	1.9%
70–74	293,498	60.8%	454,832	748,330	1.4%
75–79	165,283	65.7%	315,984	481,267	0.9%
80–84	100,694	68.8%	222,222	322,916	0.6%
85-plus	75,543	70.5%	180,130	255,673	0.5%
TOTAL	25,188,791	51.3%	26,581,769	51,770,560	100%

Number of children 0–14	Number of women 15–49	Proportion	Fertility Rate
15,812,264	13,866,489	1.14	2.35

Age group	Population	Male	Female	Percent
0–14	15,812,268	7,969,880	7,842,388	31.26
15–64	32,235,534	15,538,934	16,696,600	63.72
65+	2,538,955	1,006,222	1,532,733	5.02

Age and race distribution

South African National Census of 2011

Age distribution within each racial group

By generation

Age group	All races	% of All	Black African	% of Blacks	Coloured	% of Col'd	White	% of Whites	Indian or other Asian	% of Asians	Others	% of others
0–14	15,100,089	29.2%	12,702,324	31.0%	1,311,811	28.4%	771,187	16.8%	258,602	20.1%	56,164	20.0%
15–64	33,904,479	65.5%	26,502,329	64.6%	3,085,684	66.9%	3,165,965	68.9%	939,379	73.0%	211,126	75.3%
65-plus	2,765,992	5.3%	1,796,285	4.4%	217,906	4.7%	649,686	14.2%	88,949	6.9%	13,164	4.7%
All ages	51,770,560	100%	41,000,938	(100%)	4,615,401	(100%)	4,586,838	(100%)	1,286,930	(100%)	280,454	(100%)
% of SA	100%		79.20%		8.92%		8.86%		2.49%		0.54%

By five-year cohorts

Age group	All races	% of All	Black African	% of Blacks	Coloured	% of Col'd	White	% of Whites	Indian or Asian	% of Asians	Others	% of others
under 5	5,685,452	11.0%	4,830,442	11.8%	470,090	10.2%	268,267	5.8%	90,795	7.1%	25,857	9.2%
5 to 9	4,819,751	9.3%	4,054,019	9.9%	421,038	9.1%	245,567	5.4%	82,584	6.4%	16,543	5.9%
10 to 14	4,594,886	8.9%	3,817,863	9.3%	420,683	9.1%	257,353	5.6%	85,223	6.6%	13,764	4.9%
15 to 19	5,003,477	9.7%	4,171,450	10.2%	431,263	9.3%	284,896	6.2%	98,556	7.7%	17,312	6.2%
20 to 24	5,374,542	10.4%	4,479,848	10.9%	428,159	9.3%	313,616	6.8%	115,949	9.0%	36,970	13.2%
25 to 29	5,059,317	9.8%	4,156,759	10.1%	385,750	8.4%	336,355	7.3%	125,521	9.8%	44,932	16.0%
30 to 34	4,029,010	7.8%	3,237,677	7.9%	326,803	7.1%	318,329	6.9%	113,398	8.8%	32,802	11.7%
35 to 39	3,467,767	6.7%	2,674,154	6.5%	319,231	6.9%	342,316	7.5%	108,120	8.4%	23,945	8.5%
40 to 44	2,948,618	5.7%	2,164,738	5.3%	319,279	6.9%	351,473	7.7%	95,904	7.5%	17,225	6.1%
45 to 49	2,620,283	5.1%	1,902,133	4.6%	294,467	6.4%	325,185	7.1%	85,621	6.7%	12,877	4.6%
50 to 54	2,218,289	4.3%	1,559,926	3.8%	247,535	5.4%	324,539	7.1%	75,783	5.9%	10,506	3.7%
55 to 59	1,797,408	3.5%	1,242,201	3.0%	186,148	4.0%	295,596	6.4%	65,332	5.1%	8,132	2.9%
60 to 64	1,385,768	2.7%	913,441	2.2%	137,050	3.0%	273,657	6.0%	55,194	4.3%	6,425	2.3%
65 to 69	957,805	1.9%	601,060	1.5%	86,285	1.9%	227,308	5.0%	38,277	3.0%	4,875	1.7%
70 to 74	748,331	1.4%	485,852	1.2%	60,311	1.3%	173,434	3.8%	25,084	1.9%	3,649	1.3%
75 to 79	481,267	0.9%	310,708	0.8%	37,441	0.8%	116,922	2.5%	13,954	1.1%	2,242	0.8%
80 to 84	322,916	0.6%	218,145	0.5%	19,278	0.4%	77,073	1.7%	7,155	0.6%	1,265	0.5%
85-plus	255,673	0.5%	180,520	0.4%	14,591	0.3%	54,949	1.2%	4,479	0.3%	1,133	0.4%
All ages	51,770,560	100%	41,000,938	(100%)	4,615,401	(100%)	4,586,838	(100%)	1,286,930	(100%)	280,454	(100%)
% of SA	100%		79.20%		8.92%		8.86%		2.49%		0.54%

Racial composition of each age group

Note that while over one-fifth (20%) of each age group over 65 is white, whites form less than one-twentieth (5%) of South Africans under 5 years of age. Similarly, while the Coloured population is now about equal to the white population (about 4.6 million each or 8.9% of the total), the nearly 2.9 million Coloured under 35 outnumber just over 2 million whites under 35 in every age group below 35, but the 1.7 million Coloured over 35 are less numerous than their 2.5 million white contemporaries in every age group above 35.

Age group	All races	Black African	% of age grp	Coloured	% of age grp	White	% of age grp	Indian or Asian	% of age grp	Other	% of age grp
under 5	5,685,452	4,830,442	85.0%	470,090	8.3%	268,267	4.7%	90,795	1.6%	25,857	0.5%
5 to 9	4,819,751	4,054,019	84.1%	421,038	8.7%	245,567	5.1%	82,584	1.7%	16,543	0.5%
10 to 14	4,594,886	3,817,863	83.1%	420,683	9,1%	257,353	5.6%	85,223	1.9%	13,764	0.3%
15 to 19	5,003,477	4,171,450	83.4%	431,263	8.6%	284,896	5.7%	98,556	2.0%	17,312	0.3%
20 to 24	5,374,542	4,479,848	83.4%	428,159	8.0%	313,616	5.8%	115,949	2.2%	36,970	0.7%
25 to 29	5,059,317	4,156,759	82.2%	385,750	7.6%	336,355	6.6%	125,521	2.5%	44,932	0.9%
30 to 34	4,029,010	3,237,677	80.4%	326,803	8.1%	318,329	7.9%	113,398	2.8%	32,802	0.8%
35 to 39	3,467,767	2,674,154	77.1%	319,231	9.2%	342,316	9.9%	108,120	3.1%	23,945	0.7%
40 to 44	2,948,618	2,164,738	73.4%	319,279	10.8%	351,473	11.9%	95,904	3.3%	17,225	0.6%
45 to 49	2,620,283	1,902,133	72.6%	294,467	11.2%	325,185	12.4%	85,621	3.3%	12,877	0.5%
50 to 54	2,218,289	1,559,926	70.3%	247,535	11.2%	324,539	14.6%	75,783	3.4%	10,506	0.5%
55 to 59	1,797,408	1,242,201	69.1%	186,148	10.4%	295,596	16.4%	65,332	3.6%	8,132	0.5%
60 to 64	1,385,768	913,441	65.9%	137,050	9.9%	273,657	19.7%	55,194	4.0%	6,425	0.5%
65 to 69	957,805	601,060	62.8%	86,285	9.0%	227,308	23.7%	38,277	4.0%	4,875	0.5%
70 to 74	748,331	485,852	64.9%	60,311	8.1%	173,434	23.2%	25,084	3.4%	3,649	0.5%
75 to 79	481,267	310,708	64.6%	37,441	7.8%	116,922	24.3%	13,954	2.9%	2,242	0.5%
80 to 84	322,916	218,145	67.6%	19,278	6.0%	77,073	23.9%	7,155	2.2%	1,265	0.4%
85-plus	255,673	180,520	70.6%	14,591	5.7%	54,949	21.5%	4,479	1.8%	1,133	0.4%
All ages	51,770,560	41,000,938	79.20%	4,615,401	8.92%	4,586,838	8.86%	1,286,930	2.49%	280,454	0.54%

Racial groups

Statistics South Africa asks people to describe themselves in the census in terms of five racial population groups.^[12] The 2011 census figures for these groups were Black African at 79.2%, White at 8.9%, Coloured at 8.9%, Indian or other Asian at 2.5%, and Other/Unspecified at 0.5%.^[13]:21 The first census in South Africa in 1911 showed that whites made up 22% of the population; it declined to 16% in 1980,^[14] and 8.9% in 2011.^[13]:21

Languages

South Africa has eleven official languages:^[15] Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. In this regard it is third only to Bolivia and India in number. While all the languages are formally equal, some languages are spoken more than others. According to the 2011 census, the three most spoken first languages are Zulu (22.7%), Xhosa (16.0%), and Afrikaans (13.5%).^[13]:23–25 Despite the fact that English is recognised as the language of commerce and science, it ranked fourth, and was spoken by only 9.6% of South Africans as a first language in 2011.^[13]:23–25

The country also recognises several unofficial languages, including Fanagalo, Khoe, Lobedu, Nama, Northern Ndebele, Phuthi, San and South African Sign Language.^[16] These unofficial languages may be used in certain official uses in limited areas where it has been determined that these languages are prevalent. Nevertheless, their populations are not such that they require nationwide recognition.

Many of the "unofficial languages" of the San and Khoikhoi people contain regional dialects stretching northwards into Namibia and Botswana, and elsewhere. These people, who are a physically distinct population from other Africans, have their own cultural identity based on their hunter-gatherer societies. They have been marginalised to a great extent, and many of their languages are in danger of becoming extinct.

Many white South Africans also speak other European languages, such as Portuguese (also spoken by black Angolans and Mozambicans), German, and Greek, while some Indians and other Asians in South Africa speak South Asian languages, such as Tamil, Hindi, Gujarati, Urdu and Telugu. Although many South Africans are of Huguenot (French) origin. South African French is spoken by fewer than 10,000 individuals country-wide. Congolese French is also spoken in South Africa by migrants.

The primary sign language of Deaf South Africans is South African Sign Language. Other sign languages among indigenous peoples are also used.

By ethnicity

In 2011, the first language was Zulu for 28.1% of Black residents, Xhosa for 19.8%, Northern Sotho for 11.2%, Tswana for 9.7%, Sesotho for 9.3%, Tsonga for 5.5%, Swati for 3.1%, Venda for 2.9%, English for 2.8%, Southern Ndebele for 2.6%, Afrikaans for 1.5%, while 3.4% had another first language.^[17]

Among whites, Afrikaans was the first language for 59.1% of the population, compared to 35.0% for English. Other language accounted for the remaining 5.9%.^[17]

Religion

According to the 2001 national census, Christians accounted for 79.7% of the population. This includes Zion Christian (11.1%), Pentecostal (Charismatic) (8.2%), Roman Catholic (7.1%), Methodist (6.8%), Dutch Reformed (6.7%), Anglican (3.8%); members of other Christian churches accounted for another 36% of the population. Muslims accounted for 1.5% of the population, Hindus about 1.3%, and Jews 0.2%. 15.1% had no religious affiliation, 2.3% were classified as other and 1.4% were unspecified.^[18][19][20]

African Indigenous Churches made up the largest of the Christian groups. Some believe that many people claiming no affiliation with any organised religion adhered to traditional indigenous religions. Many people have syncretic religious practices combining Christian and indigenous influences.^[21]

Muslims are largely found among the Coloured and Indian ethnic groups. They have been joined by black or white South African converts as well as immigrants from other parts of Africa.^[22] South African Muslims claim that their faith is the fastest-growing religion of conversion in the country, with the number of black Muslims growing sixfold, from 12 000 in 1991 to 74 700 in 2004^[22][23]

The Hindu population has its roots in the British colonial period, but later waves of immigration from India have also contributed to it. Most Hindus are of South Asian origin, but there are many who come from mixed racial stock. Some are converts due to the efforts of Hindu missionaries such as ISKCON.

Other minority religions in South Africa are Sikhism, Jainism and Bahá'í Faith.^[19]

By ethnicity

87.9% of Black residents are Christian, 9.5% have no religion, 0.2% are Muslim, 0.0% are Jewish, 0.0% are Hindu and 2.3% have other or undetermined beliefs.

71.8% of White residents are Christian, 23.8% have no religion, 0.2% are Muslim, 1.4% are Jewish, and 0.0% are Hindu. 2.7% have other or undetermined beliefs.

Immigration

South Africa hosts a sizeable refugee and asylum seeker population. According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, this population numbered approximately 144,700 in 2007.^[24] Groups of refugees and asylum seekers numbering over 10,000 included people from Zimbabwe (48,400), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (24,800), and Somalia (12,900).^[24] These populations mainly lived in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Durban, Cape Town, and Port Elizabeth.^[24] Many refugees have now also started to work and live in rural areas in provinces such as Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal.

Statistics SA assumes in some of their calculations that there are less than 2 million immigrants in South Africa.^[25] Other institutions, like the police and Médecins Sans Frontières place estimate the figure at 4 million.^{[26][27][28][29][30]}

Largest municipalities

Largest cities or towns in South Africa 2011 Census
	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
Soweto Johannesburg	1	Soweto	Gauteng	1,271,628	11	Randburg	Gauteng	337,053	Pretoria Durban
	2	Johannesburg	Gauteng	957,441	12	Mamelodi	Gauteng	334,577
	3	Pretoria	Gauteng	741,651	13	Roodepoort	Gauteng	326,416
	4	Durban	KwaZulu-Natal	595,061	14	Port Elizabeth	Eastern Cape	312,392
	5	Tembisa	Gauteng	463,109	15	Mitchells Plain	Western Cape	310,485
	6	Cape Town	Western Cape	433,688	16	East London	Eastern Cape	267,007
	7	Katlehong	Gauteng	407,294	17	Boksburg	Gauteng	260,321
	8	Umlazi	KwaZulu-Natal	404,811	18	Bloemfontein	Free State (province)	256,185
	9	Soshanguve	Gauteng	403,162	19	Germiston	Gauteng	255,863
	10	Khayelitsha	Western Cape	391,749	20	iBhayi	Eastern Cape	237,799

Graphs and maps

• 

  Population pyramid by population group, 2011

• 

  Black population

• 

  White population

• 

  Coloured population

See also

• Statistics South Africa
• South African National Census of 2001
• South African National Census of 2011
• Afrikaans speaking population in South Africa
• Jewish population of South Africa
• Ethnic groups in South Africa by municipality

References

Further reading

• Alexander, Mary (30 June 2006). "Black, white – or South African?". SAinfo. Retrieved 26 June 2013. 
• "A Nation in the Making: A Discussion Document on Macro-Social Trends in South Africa" (PDF). Government of South Africa. 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2013. 

External links

• Sokwanele article on Zimbabwe Refugee Crisis
• [http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx?ArticleId=1518-25_2003186 million whites leave SA- study]
• Contains information on the South African middle class

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