Decay-accelerating factor

CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)

PDB rendering based on 1h03.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
SymbolsCD55 ; CR; CROM; DAF; TC
External IDsOMIM: 125240 MGI: 104850 HomoloGene: 479 GeneCards: CD55 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez160413136
EnsemblENSG00000196352ENSMUSG00000026399
UniProtP08174Q61475
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_000574NM_010016
RefSeq (protein)NP_000565NP_034146
Location (UCSC)Chr 1:
207.49 – 207.53 Mb		Chr 1:
130.44 – 130.46 Mb
PubMed search

Complement decay-accelerating factor, also known as CD55 or DAF, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CD55 gene.[1]

Decay accelerating factor is a 70 kDa membrane protein that regulates the complement system on the cell surface. DAF recognizes C4b and C3b fragments that are created during C4 (classical complement pathway and lectin pathway) and C3 (alternate complement pathway) activation. Interaction of DAF with cell-associated C4b and C3b proteins interferes with their ability to catalyze the conversion of C2 and factor B to active C2b (historically called C2a) and Bb and thereby prevents the formation of C4b2b and C3bBb, the amplification convertases of the complement cascade - thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.[2]

This glycoprotein is broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. It is a determinant for the Cromer blood group system.

Pathology

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Because DAF is a GPI-anchored protein, its expression is reduced in persons with mutations that reduce GPI levels such as those with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; in that disorder, RBCs with very low levels of DAF and CD59 undergo complement-mediated hemolysis.[3]

Infectious diseases

DAF is used as a receptor by some coxsackieviruses and other enteroviruses.[4] Recombinant soluble DAF-Fc has been tested in mice as an anti-enterovirus therapy for heart damage;[5] however, the human enterovirus that was tested binds much more strongly to human DAF than to mouse or rat DAF. Echoviruses and coxsackie B viruses that use human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as a receptor do not bind the rodent analogues of DAF.[6] and DAF-Fc has yet to be tested in humans.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Medof ME, Lublin DM, Holers VM, Ayers DJ, Getty RR, Leykam JF, Atkinson JP, Tykocinski ML (April 1987). "Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding the complete sequence of decay-accelerating factor of human complement". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (7): 2007–11. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.7.2007. PMC 304572. PMID 2436222.
  2. ↑ http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CD55#function. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ Parker C, Omine M, Richards S et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood 106 (12): 3699–709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. PMC 1895106. PMID 16051736.
  4. ↑ Karnauchow TM, Tolson DL, Harrison BA, Altman E, Lublin DM, Dimock K (August 1996). "The HeLa cell receptor for enterovirus 70 is decay-accelerating factor (CD55)". J. Virol. 70 (8): 5143–52. PMC 190469. PMID 8764022.
  5. ↑ Yanagawa B, Spiller OB, Choy J, Luo H, Cheung P, Zhang HM, Goodfellow IG, Evans DJ, Suarez A, Yang D, McManus BM (January 2003). "Coxsackievirus B3-associated myocardial pathology and viral load reduced by recombinant soluble human decay-accelerating factor in mice". Lab. Invest. 83 (1): 75–85. doi:10.1097/01.lab.0000049349.56211.09. PMID 12533688.
  6. ↑ Spiller OB, Goodfellow IG, Evans DJ, Almond JW, Morgan BP (January 2000). "Echoviruses and coxsackie B viruses that use human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as a receptor do not bind the rodent analogues of DAF". J. Infect. Dis. 181 (1): 340–3. doi:10.1086/315210. PMID 10608785.

Further reading

  • Selinka HC, Wolde A, Sauter M et al. (2004). "Virus-receptor interactions of coxsackie B viruses and their putative influence on cardiotropism.". Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 193 (2-3): 127–31. doi:10.1007/s00430-003-0193-y. PMID 12920584.
  • Mikesch JH, Schier K, Roetger A et al. (2007). "The expression and action of decay-accelerating factor (CD55) in human malignancies and cancer therapy.". Cell. Oncol. 28 (5-6): 223–32. PMID 17167176.

External links