Deadhorse, Alaska
| Deadhorse | |
|---|---|
| Unincorporated community | |
|
Aerial view of Deadhorse, March 2007 | |
  Deadhorse Location in the state of Alaska | |
| Coordinates: 70°12′20″N 148°30′42″W / 70.20556°N 148.51167°WCoordinates: 70°12′20″N 148°30′42″W / 70.20556°N 148.51167°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Borough | North Slope |
| Government | |
| • Borough mayor | Charlotte Brower[1] |
| Elevation | 49 ft (15 m) |
| Time zone | Alaska (AKST) (UTC-9) |
| • Summer (DST) | AKDT (UTC-8) |
| GNIS ID | 2419433[2] |
Deadhorse is an unincorporated community in North Slope Borough, Alaska, United States, along the North Slope near the Arctic Ocean. The town consists mainly of facilities for the workers and companies that operate at the nearby Prudhoe Bay oil fields. Deadhorse is accessible via the Dalton Highway from Fairbanks, 495 mi (797 km) south, or Deadhorse Airport. Limited accommodations are also available for tourists.
The permanent population is variously listed as being between 25 and 50 residents. Temporary residents (employed by various firms with local interests) can range as high as 3,000.[3]
Companies with facilities in Deadhorse service Prudhoe Bay, nearby oil fields, and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), which brings oil from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez on the south-central Alaska coast. Facilities in Deadhorse are built entirely on man-made gravel pads and usually consist of pre-fabricated modules shipped to Deadhorse via barge or air cargo.
History
The Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, area was developed to house personnel, provide support for drilling operations, and to transport oil to the Alaskan pipeline.[4] Prior to 1977, oil seeps (small pores or fissure networks through which liquid petroleum emerges at the surface of the land)[5] on the Arctic coastal plain had caught the attention of the U.S. petroleum interests.[4] The U.S. Navy drilled for oil between 1944 and 1953 with little success.[4] However, in 1967, after several attempts at drilling for oil, oil company mergers, and competitive bidding for state lease sales, the Prudhoe Bay oil field was discovered.[4]
Sources conflict on the origin of the area's name.[6] The most cited theory appears to be that the area takes its name from a local business prominent in the late 1960s and 1970s, the "Dead Horse Haulers" trucking company.[6][7] How the trucking company got its name remains in dispute.[6][7]
Tourism and wildlife
Tourists traveling to Deadhorse and Prudhoe Bay typically take tour buses from Fairbanks via the James Dalton Highway, a two-day journey with an overnight stop in Coldfoot. During the summer months, visitors can arrange for tours to the arctic ocean via a guided tour only. There is no longer any public Arctic Ocean access from Deadhorse. All tours must be booked 24 hours in advance to allow time for background checks on all passengers going through the oilfield check point. Tourists can also experience the midnight sun due to Deadhorse's location above the Arctic Circle. In winter, the opposite phenomenon, polar night, occurs.
The area often features large herds of caribou and over 200 bird and waterfowl species, including geese, swans, gulls and eagles.[8] Other indigenous wildlife include Arctic fox, Arctic ground squirrels, grizzly bears, polar bears, musk oxen, and Arctic hares.[8]
Because of the fact that alcoholic beverages are not sold in Deadhorse, a humorous slogan for the town is "All that far and still no bar."
This is the beginning or end of an Iron Butt Association motorcycle rider challenge called "The Ultimate Coast to Coast". This ride starts from Key West, Florida, and gives riders 30 days to reach Deadhorse, Alaska. It is also the midpoint of the "Haul Road 1000" and the beginning or end of the "Alaska Insanity Gold" challenge (riders allotted 24 hours for those two challenges).[9]
Climate
The climate of Deadhorse is arctic (Köppen ET), as even the warmest month, July, has a daily average temperature of only 45.8 °F (7.7 °C). The mean annual temperature is 12 °F (−11 °C), with daytime temperatures reliably remaining below freezing from early/mid October to late April. As the area is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 2,[10] temperatures below −40 °F/°C can be expected during the height of winter.
- Longest day: 63 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes (12:09 a.m. on May 20 to 11:18 p.m. on July 22)
- Shortest day: 45 min (11:42 a.m. to 12:27 p.m. on November 24)
- Longest night: 54 days, 22 hours, 51 min (12:27 p.m. on November 24 to 11:18 a.m. on January 18)
- Shortest night: 26 min (11:43 p.m. on May 19 to 12:09 a.m. on May 20)
- Highest recorded temperature: 83 °F (28 °C) on 21 June 1991
- Lowest recorded temperature: −62 °F (−52 °C) on 27 January 1989
- Highest wind speed recorded: 95 knots (109 mph; 176 km/h) on 25 February 1989
- Official lowest wind chill: −102 °F (−74 °C) on 28 January 1989 (air temperature of −54 °F or −48 °C) and wind speed of 31 kn (36 mph; 57 km/h)
| Climate data for Deadhorse, Alaska | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 35 (2) |
39 (4) |
34 (1) |
43 (6) |
55 (13) |
83 (28) |
82 (28) |
80 (27) |
67 (19) |
45 (7) |
39 (4) |
34 (1) |
83 (28) |
| Average high °F (°C) | −9.3 (−22.9) |
−11.6 (−24.2) |
−8.2 (−22.3) |
8.1 (−13.3) |
27.2 (−2.7) |
46.0 (7.8) |
53.2 (11.8) |
47.9 (8.8) |
37.4 (3) |
20.5 (−6.4) |
4.7 (−15.2) |
−3.8 (−19.9) |
17.8 (−7.9) |
| Average low °F (°C) | −23.1 (−30.6) |
−23.6 (−30.9) |
−23.1 (−30.6) |
−7.9 (−22.2) |
16.1 (−8.8) |
32.8 (0.4) |
38.3 (3.5) |
35.8 (2.1) |
27.7 (−2.4) |
12.5 (−10.8) |
−8.1 (−22.3) |
−17.2 (−27.3) |
5.2 (−14.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −62 (−52) |
−57 (−49) |
−54 (−48) |
−47 (−44) |
−19 (−28) |
18 (−8) |
28 (−2) |
23 (−5) |
1 (−17) |
−30 (−34) |
−45 (−43) |
−52 (−47) |
−62 (−52) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.15 (3.8) |
0.13 (3.3) |
0.14 (3.6) |
0.10 (2.5) |
0.08 (2) |
0.37 (9.4) |
0.72 (18.3) |
0.95 (24.1) |
0.65 (16.5) |
0.40 (10.2) |
0.14 (3.6) |
0.19 (4.8) |
4.02 (102.1) |
| Source: NOAA (temperature normals 1981–2010),[11] weather.com (precipitation and extremes)[12] | |||||||||||||
Health care
Deadhorse (including Prudhoe Bay) is classified as an isolated town/Sub-Regional Center. It is found in EMS Region 6A in the North Slope Region. Emergency Services have limited highway, coastal, and airport access. Emergency service is provided by paid EMS service and Fairweather Deadhorse Medical Clinic (open daily and on call 24 hours a day for emergencies and urgent care). Auxiliary health care is provided by oil company medical staff and the Greater Prudhoe Bay Fire Dept. Individuals requiring hospital care are usually transported to the nearest hospital/medical center, Sammuel Simmonds Memorial Hospital, in Barrow, Alaska. Because no roads connect Deadhorse to Barrow, individuals are transported by plane, helicopter, or air ambulance (an approximately 45 minute flight).[13]
In popular culture
Television
- Deadhorse is the subject of the second episode of America's Toughest Jobs
- Deadhorse is featured on the third through sixth seasons of Ice Road Truckers, a reality television series airing on the History Channel;[14] It dramatizes trucking on the Dalton Highway and often features truckers transporting equipment to the oil companies located in or around the Prudhoe Bay area.[14]
- It is featured in the first episode of the BBC's World's Most Dangerous Roads
Image gallery
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Sign at General Store, Deadhorse, Alaska (January 2008)
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.jpg)
Deadhorse General Store (2003)
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The Dalton Highway at Deadhorse (July 2010)
References
- ↑ "2013 ACoM Members". Online Resource Center, Alaska Conference of Mayors. Juneau: Alaska Municipal League. 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
- ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Deadhorse, Alaska
- ↑ Deadhorse, Alaska - the town at the end of the earth making global oil markets tremble
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 April 17, 2012 (2012-04-17). "Prudhoe Bay - Visit Alaska". Myalaskan.com. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
- ↑ "oil seep definition of oil seep in the Free Online Encyclopedia". Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 http://uaf-db.uaf.edu/Jukebox/haul_road_07/assets/docs/bc_deadhorse.pdf
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 http://www.prudhoebay.com/communities_Deadhorse.htm Deadhorse, Alaska website
- ↑ http://www.ironbutt.com/ridecerts/getdocument.cfm?DocID=22
- ↑ The Arbor Day Foundation. "The Arbor Day Foundation". Arborday.org. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
- ↑ "Station Name: AK DEADHORSE AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
- ↑ "Average weather for Deadhorse". weather.com. Retrieved Jan 20, 2009.
- ↑ http://articles.ktuu.com/2009-05-01/oil-drilling_24126440 Far North - Prudhoe Bay Information
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Ice Road Truckers Episode Guide - Season 6". History.com. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deadhorse, Alaska. |
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