Davos

For other uses, see Davos (disambiguation).
Davos

Top: View of the Sertig Valley, Middle left: World Economic Forum congress centre, Middle right: Lake Davos, Bottom: View over Davos

Coat of arms
Davos
Coordinates: 46°48′N 9°50′E / 46.800°N 9.833°ECoordinates: 46°48′N 9°50′E / 46.800°N 9.833°E
Country Switzerland
Canton Graubünden
District Prättigau/Davos
Government
 • Executive Kleiner Landrat
with 5 members
 • Mayor Landammann (list)
Tarzisius Caviezel
(as of March 2014)
 • Parliament Grosser Landrat
with 17 members
Area[1]
 • Total 283.98 km2 (109.65 sq mi)
Elevation 1,560 m (5,120 ft)
Population (Dec 2013[2])
 • Total 11,211
 • Density 39/km2 (100/sq mi)
Postal code 7260 Davos-Dorf
7270 Davos-Platz
SFOS number 3851
Surrounded by Arosa, Bergün/Bravuogn, Klosters-Serneus, Langwies, S-chanf, Susch, Wiesen
Twin towns Aspen (USA), Sanada (Japan), Chamonix (France)
Website www.gemeinde-davos.ch
SFSO statistics

Davos (Romansh: Tavau, archaic Italian: Tavate, local German pronunciation [daˈvoːs])[3] is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has a permanent population of 11,211 (2013).[2] Davos is located on the Landwasser River, in the Swiss Alps, between the Plessur and Albula Range. At 1,560 m (5,120 ft), it is the highest city in Europe.[4]

Davos is host to the World Economic Forum (WEF), an annual meeting of global political and business elites (often referred to simply as Davos) and the home of one of Switzerland's biggest ski resorts. At the end of every year it serves as the site of the annual Spengler Cup ice hockey tournament, hosted by the HC Davos local hockey team.

History

The current settlement of the Davos area started back in High Middle Ages with the immigration of Rhaeto-Romans. The village of Davos is first mentioned in 1213 as Tavaus.[5] From about 1280 the barons of Vaz allowed German-speaking Walser colonists to settle down, and conceded them extensive self-administration rights, causing Davos to become the largest Walser settlement area in eastern Switzerland. Natives still speak a dialect that is atypical for Graubünden, showing similarities with German idioms of western parts of Switzerland, especially the Upper Valais.

In 1436, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions was founded in Davos.

From the middle of the 19th century, Davos modeled on Sokołowsko became a popular destination for the ailing because the microclimate in the high valley was deemed excellent by doctors (initiated by Alexander Spengler[6]) and recommended for lung disease patients. Robert Louis Stevenson, who suffered from tuberculosis, wintered in Davos in 1880 at the recommendation of his Edinburgh physician Dr. George Balfour. Arthur Conan Doyle wrote an article about skiing in Davos in 1899. A sanatorium in Davos is also the inspiration for the Berghof Sanitorium in Thomas Mann's novel Der Zauberberg (The Magic Mountain). Between 1936 and 1938, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, then at the end of his life, depicted Davos and the Junkerboden. His painting has a both romantic and pantheistic atmosphere and simplified formal structure.

Bobsled team in Davos, 1910

In the natural ice era of winter sports, Davos, and the Davos Eisstadion was a mecca for speed skating. Many international championships were held here, and many world records were set, beginning with Peder Østlund who set four records in 1898. The only European Bandy Championship was held in the town in 1913.[7] Subsequently, Davos became a famous ski resort, especially frequented by tourists from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. After peaking in the 1970s and 1980s, the city settled down as a leading but less high-profile tourist attraction.


Geography

View of Davos from paraglider.
Davos from the air

Davos has an area, as of 2006, of 254.5 km2 (98.3 sq mi). Of this area, 37.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 19.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (41%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[8]

The municipality is located in the Davos sub-district of the Prättigau/Davos district in the Landwasser valley. In terms of area, it was the largest city in Switzerland until the formation of the municipality of Glarus Süd in 2010, and is the largest in the canton of Graubünden. It consists of the village of Davos which is made up of five sections (Davos-Dorf, Davos-Platz, Frauenkirch, Glaris and Monsteinand) and the hamlets of Laret, Wolfgang, Clavadel and Spina in the main valley. In the side valleys there are additional hamlets including; Flüela, Dischma and Sertig.

Davos lies in a high valley, the connection to Klosters needing a pass of only some 70 m ascent from Davos Dorf. This tiny pass results in a flow direction of the river not corresponding to the main traffic routes of road and railway to the northeast but flowing in a southwesterly direction. Three long side valleys reach out to the south from the main valley.

Demographics

Davos with the Vaillant Arena (center)

Davos has a population (as of 31 December 2013) of 11,211.[2] As of 2008, 23.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[9] Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of 5.5%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (86.3%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common (2.8%) and Italian being third (2.7%).[8]

As of 2000, the gender distribution of the population was 49.1% male and 50.9% female.[10] The age distribution, as of 2000, in Davos is; 1,102 children or 9.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,435 teenagers or 12.6% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,733 people or 15.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,897 people or 16.6% are between 30 and 39, 1,806 people or 15.8% are between 40 and 49, and 1,498 people or 13.1% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 902 people or 7.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 677 people or 5.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 318 people or 2.8% who are between 80 and 89 there are 49 people or 0.4% who are between 90 and 99.[9]

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 36.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (30.1%), the SP (23.1%) and the CVP (7.4%).[8]

Park on the Promenade

In Davos about 74% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule).[8]

Davos has an unemployment rate of 0.85%. As of 2005, there were 239 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 86 businesses involved in this sector. 1,118 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 123 businesses in this sector. 5,565 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 615 businesses in this sector.[8]

From the 2000 census, 3,950 or 34.6% are Roman Catholic, while 5,321 or 46.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 10 individuals (or about 0.09% of the population) who belong to the Christian Catholic faith, there are 439 individuals (or about 3.85% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 274 individuals (or about 2.40% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 8 individuals (or about 0.07% of the population) who are Jewish, and 79 (or about 0.69% of the population) who are Muslim. There are 56 individuals (or about 0.49% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 832 (or about 7.29% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 448 individuals (or about 3.92% of the population) did not answer the question.[9]

The historical population is given in the following table:[5]

year population
1850 1,680
1888 3,891
1900 8,089
1930 11,164
1950 10,433
2000 11,417
2010 11,166

Climate

Davos has a subarctic climate with an average of 126.7 days of rain per year and on average receives 999 mm (39.3 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is August during which time Davos receives an average of 135 mm (5.3 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 13.6 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 14.2, but with only 120 mm (4.7 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year is April with an average of 55 mm (2.2 in) of precipitation over 13.6 days.[11]

Climate data for Davos (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6)		 0.9
(33.6)		 3.8
(38.8)		 7.2
(45)		 12.4
(54.3)		 15.5
(59.9)		 18.1
(64.6)		 17.3
(63.1)		 14.1
(57.4)		 10.9
(51.6)		 4.2
(39.6)		 0.4
(32.7)		 8.7
(47.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.9
(23.2)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 2.2
(36)		 7.1
(44.8)		 10.2
(50.4)		 12.4
(54.3)		 11.9
(53.4)		 8.6
(47.5)		 5.1
(41.2)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 3.5
(38.3)
Average low °C (°F) −9.1
(15.6)		 −9.3
(15.3)		 −5.9
(21.4)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 2.1
(35.8)		 5.1
(41.2)		 7.2
(45)		 7.2
(45)		 4.0
(39.2)		 0.8
(33.4)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 −7.5
(18.5)		 −1.0
(30.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 66
(2.6)		 56
(2.2)		 59
(2.32)		 56
(2.2)		 88
(3.46)		 126
(4.96)		 136
(5.35)		 148
(5.83)		 93
(3.66)		 61
(2.4)		 72
(2.83)		 62
(2.44)		 1,022
(40.24)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 95.2
(37.48)		 80.5
(31.69)		 65.5
(25.79)		 51.2
(20.16)		 13.8
(5.43)		 3.7
(1.46)		 0.4
(0.16)		 1.0
(0.39)		 4.0
(1.57)		 15.4
(6.06)		 62.0
(24.41)		 75.3
(29.65)		 468.0
(184.25)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8.8 7.6 9.7 9.6 11.9 13.6 13.2 13.5 9.9 8.0 9.4 9.5 124.7
Avg. snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 11.3 10.5 11.0 8.5 2.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.8 3.0 9.3 11.3 69.0
Average relative humidity (%) 75 72 71 70 71 73 73 76 77 74 77 78 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 111 121 144 138 151 162 187 175 159 149 104 93 1,696
Source: MeteoSwiss [12]

Sports

The ice stadium, including the largest natural ice skating field in Europe

Davos is known throughout Switzerland for its famous ice hockey team, which is the HC Davos, who play in the Swiss National League A. Their home arena is the Vaillant Arena.

Besides being famous for cross country skiing, offering some 97 kilometres (60 mi) of pistes and the largest natural ice skating field in Europe. On that field a bandy tournament was held on the 6th of January to celebrate the 100 year anniversary tournament of the European Championships.[13]

There are six main ski areas in winter, with a total of 200 miles (320 km) of slopes:

All areas offer summer transport as well on to the main peaks from mid May until end of October. The remote side valleys heading towards the Engadin area are worth long hikes towards the passes of Sertig or Scalettapass, to reach for example Piz Kesch, an Ultra prominent peak. To the north there are no valleys, but a direct ascent to continue across a pass into the "Schanfigg" valley towards the rival resort of Arosa (to be reached in one day) or even continuing to Lenzerheide in a two-day hike.[14]

In 2016, the second European Bandy Championship in history will take place in Davos. The first one was played here in 1913.

Culture

Davos is home to seven sites that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. These heritage sites include the Town Archives, the Kirchner Museum, the Grosses Jenatschhaus (a type of charity house known as a Pfrundhaus) and the Forest Cemetery (Waldfriedhof). Several hotels and spas are also included on the list. The three hotels or former hotels are; Berghotel Schatzalp, the former Grand Hotel Belvédère and the Zürcher Höhenklinik von R. Gaberel.[15]

Davos hosts annual meetings of the World Economic Forum. The city was featured in an episode of Viva La Bam, when cities around Europe were visited. On 14 March 2003, a festival called Winterjam was held in the city and bands such as Sum 41, Crazy Town, and Guano Apes performed during this event.[16]

Research

Davos boasts several research institutes: the AO Foundation focusing on trauma and disorders of the musculoskeletal system, the Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), the WSL institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) and the World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC).

Notable residents and people connected to Davos

See also

References

  1. ↑ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Swiss Federal Statistics Office – STAT-TAB Ständige und Nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Region, Geschlecht, Nationalität und Alter (German) accessed 18 August 2014
  3. ↑ Wells, John C. (1990). Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow, England: Longman. p. 188. ISBN 0-582-05383-8. entry "Davos"
  4. ↑ Bestmountaintowns.com, Retrieved on 2010-01-27
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Davos in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  6. ↑ Alexander Spengler Davos Klosters
  7. ↑ Web.archive.org
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 28-Oct-2009
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Graubunden Population Statistics (German) accessed 21 September 2009
  10. ↑ Graubunden in Numbers (German) accessed 21 September 2009
  11. ↑ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961–1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology – MeteoSwiss. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 1594 meters above sea level.
  12. ↑ "Climate Normals Davos 1981–2010" (PDF). Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  13. ↑ Bandy back in Davos
  14. ↑ (English) Hiking Alps in Switzerland, Davos, Graubünden
  15. ↑ Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance 21.11.2008 version, (German) accessed 28-Oct-2009
  16. ↑ SkisnowboardEurope.com

Further reading

External links

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