David Crook

For the World War II British fighter pilot, see David Moore Crook.

David Crook (14 August 1910 – 1 November 2000) was a British-born Communist ideologue, activist and spy, long resident in China. A committed Marxist from 1931, he joined the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), then was recruited by the KGB, the Soviet secret police, and was sent to China during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45). There he met and married his wife, Isabel, a teacher and social activist. The couple stayed in China after 1949 to teach English.[1]

In 1959, the Crooks published Revolution in a Chinese Village, Ten Mile Inn[2] and in 1966 came The First Years of Yangyi Commune.[3] The British Sinologist Delia Davin wrote that through that "classic study" and other writings and talks, the Crooks "provided a positive picture of China to the outside world at a time when cold war simplifications were the norm."[4] The Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist) called Revolution a "seminal work, which has been bringing the achievements and challenges of the Chinese agrarian revolution to life for English-speaking readers since 1959."[5] Crook died at 90 after spending his last five decades in China, his political beliefs largely unshaken despite five years' imprisonment during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76).[6]

Biography

Youth and education

Crook was born in London in 1910.

International Communist

After being wounded on his first day at the front in Spain, he was returned to a hospital in Madrid. While in Madrid, he was recruited by the KGB to spy on those whom the Stalinists called Trotskyites, a group which included George Orwell. Crook later expressed regret for his part in the deaths of innocent members of the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM).[7] The KGB then sent him to China. There he taught English at Saint John's University, Shanghai to spy on a Trotskyite whose arguments in fact began to convince him. Crook proceeded to Chengdu where he was bombed by the Japanese and met his eventual wife, Isabel Brown, daughter of Canadian missionaries.[8] Hitler's invasion of Russia in June 1941 ended this fling with Trotskyism. Upon his return to England, Crook re-joined the British Communist Party and the Royal Air Force, then married Isabel. During the war, he worked for British intelligence throughout Asia and contacted local communist movements.[9]

From Liberation to Tiananmen

After study at University of London, the Crooks returned to China to teach English in a rural school which trained staff for the foreign service of the future government. They observed and participated in the land reform movements carried out by the Chinese Communist Party in North China villages and produced a "thick description" which they published in their widely cited Ten Mile Village (1959).[10] They entered Beijing with the victorious Communists at "Liberation" in 1949 and for the next forty years, the Crooks taught at the Peking First Foreign Languages Institute (now the Beijing Foreign Studies University).[11]

Despite his long-time loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party, David was imprisoned in 1967 by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution when they, along with a number of other foreigners found that being "Holier than Mao" was no protection. When he was freed in 1973 he found his captors sincere but misguided.[12] After his death, his wife told China Daily that "He was well aware that 'revolution is not a dinner party' so he never blamed China for his lengthy stay in Qincheng prison."[13]

His autobiography describes his gradual (and qualified) recognition after emerging from prison of the faults of Mao Zedong and of the shortcomings of Marxism. Ironically, reading George Orwell, on whom he had spied in Spain in the 1930s, was especially convincing.[14] In 1989, the Crooks criticised the suppression of the Tiananmen Square protests. Crook remarks in his autobiography, written shortly after, that 1989 marked the "end of my decades of adulation. I had thought that People's China was humanity's guide to a better world. I still acknowledge her past achievements. But her record has been tragically tarnished."[15]

Personal life

Crook died in Beijing in 2000. He was survived by his wife, teacher and social activist Isabel, and their three sons Carl, Michael and Paul.

Notes

  1. ↑ Hampstead Heath to Tian An Men – The autobiography of David Crook
  2. ↑ London: Routledge & Paul, 1959; reprinted: New York: Pantheon Books, 1979
  3. ↑ London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1966
  4. ↑ "David Crook A communist who fought against Franco, spied for Stalin and wrote a classic book on change in China" (Obituary) Delia Davin The Guardian, Sunday 17 December 2000
  5. ↑ Review: Ten Mile Inn by David and Isabel Crook Proletarian Online 51 (December 2012)
  6. ↑ Hochschild, Adam (19 Dec 2013), “Orwell: Homage to the ‘Homage’”, New York Review of Books.
  7. ↑ In a Valley Called Jarama
  8. ↑ "Spain to China – Agent to Educator (1938–41)," Crook, Hampstead Heath to Tiananamen
  9. ↑ Back to Britain and into the R.A.F. (1941–42) Crook, Hampstead Heath to Tiananamen
  10. ↑ Julia Strauss, "Rethinking Land Reform," in Mechthild Leutner, ed. Rethinking China in the 1950s. (Münster; London: Lit; Global, 2007. p. 25.
  11. ↑ Bloomsbury Square to Taihang Mountains (1946–47) Crook, Hampstead Heath to Tiananamen
  12. ↑ Tom Buchanan, East Wind: China and the British Left, 1925–1976 (Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 184
  13. ↑ "Man of the people," Lin Qi China Daily Updated 10/20/10
  14. ↑ Ballad of Beijing Gaol (1967–73) Crook, Hampstead Heath to Tiananamen
  15. ↑ Tian An Men Testimony (1989–90) Crook, Hampstead Heath to Tiananamen

Further reading

Publications

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