Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China
Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug-of-war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries recognized the ROC while the communist bloc and third world countries generally recognized the PRC. This gradually shifted and today only 22 states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations and the majority (172) of sovereign states around the world and Palestine. Both the ROC and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One-China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.
Countries of the world indicating decade diplomatic relations commenced with the PRC: 1949/1950s (dark red), 1960s (red), 1970s (orange), 1980s (beige) and 1990s/2000s (yellow). Countries not recognised by or not recognising the PRC are in grey. The PRC itself (excluding South Tibet and
Taiwan) is in black.
Recognition of the PRC before it was seated at the UN
1949
The PRC was established on 1 October 1949, when the Chinese Civil War was still underway, and the seat of Government of the Republic of China was not relocated to Taipei until December 1949. All the countries that recognized the new PRC government were communist states.
1950s
1960s
Country |
Date |
Republic of Ghana[8] |
5 July 1960 |
Republic of Cuba |
28 September 1960 |
Republic of Mali[8] |
25 October 1960 |
Somali Republic[8] |
14 December 1960 |
Republic of Congo (Leopoldville)[10] |
20 February 1961 |
Kingdom of Laos |
25 April 1961 |
Republic of Uganda[8] |
18 October 1962 |
Republic of Kenya[8] |
14 December 1963 |
Kingdom of Burundi[11] |
21 December 1963 |
Republic of Tunisia[8] |
10 January 1964 |
French Republic |
27 January 1964 |
Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)[8] |
22 February 1964 |
United Republic of Tanzania[12] |
26 April 1964 |
Central African Republic[13] |
29 September 1964 |
Republic of Zambia[8] |
29 October 1964 |
Republic of Dahomey (now Republic of Benin)[14] |
12 November 1964 |
Islamic Republic of Mauritania[8] |
19 July 1965 |
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen[9] (South Yemen) |
31 January 1968 |
1970s
Country |
Date |
Canada |
13 October 1970 |
Republic of Equatorial Guinea[8] |
15 October 1970 |
Italian Republic |
6 November 1970 |
Empire of Ethiopia (now Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)[8] |
24 November 1970 |
Republic of Chile |
15 December 1970 |
Federal Republic of Nigeria[8] |
10 February 1971 |
State of Kuwait |
22 March 1971 |
United Republic of Cameroon[8] |
26 March 1971 |
Most Serene Republic of San Marino[15] |
6 May 1971 |
Republic of Austria |
28 May 1971 |
Republic of Sierra Leone[8] |
29 July 1971 |
Republic of Turkey |
4 August 1971 |
Empire of Iran (now Islamic Republic of Iran) |
16 August 1971 |
Recognition of the PRC after it was seated at the UN
The Republic of China, which had occupied China's seat at the United Nations since 1945, was effectively expelled on 25 October 1971. Its seat was taken over by the People's Republic of China, and the migration of relations to the PRC soon followed among members of the Western Bloc, except for the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Italy, which had previously established diplomatic relations.
1970s
Country |
Date |
Kingdom of Belgium |
25 October 1971 |
Republic of Peru |
2 November 1971 |
Republic of Lebanon |
9 November 1971 |
Republic of Rwanda[8] |
12 November 1971 |
Republic of Senegal[16] |
7 December 1971 |
Republic of Iceland |
8 December 1971 |
Republic of Cyprus |
14 December 1971 |
State of Malta (now Republic of Malta) |
31 January 1972 |
United Mexican States |
14 February 1972 |
Argentine Republic |
19 February 1972 |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[4] |
13 March 1972 |
Mauritius (Commonwealth realm)[8] |
15 April 1972 |
Kingdom of the Netherlands[4] |
18 May 1972 |
Kingdom of Greece |
5 June 1972 |
Cooperative Republic of Guyana |
27 June 1972 |
Togolese Republic[8] |
19 September 1972 |
Japan |
29 September 1972 |
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) |
11 October 1972 |
Republic of Maldives |
14 October 1972 |
Democratic Republic of Madagascar (now Republic of Madagascar) |
6 November 1972 |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
16 November 1972 |
Jamaica |
21 November 1972 |
Republic of Chad[17] |
28 November 1972 |
Commonwealth of Australia |
21 December 1972 |
New Zealand |
22 December 1972 |
Francoist Spain (now Kingdom of Spain) |
9 March 1973 |
Republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso)[18] |
15 September 1973 |
Republic of Guinea Bissau[19] |
15 March 1974 |
Republic of Gabon[8] |
20 April 1974 |
Malaysia |
31 May 1974 |
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago |
20 June 1974 |
Republic of Venezuela |
28 June 1974 |
Republic of Niger[20] |
20 July 1974 |
Federative Republic of Brazil |
15 August 1974 |
Republic of the Gambia[21] |
14 December 1974 |
Republic of Botswana[8] |
6 January 1975 |
Republic of the Philippines |
9 June 1975 |
People's Republic of Mozambique[8] |
25 June 1975 |
Kingdom of Thailand |
1 July 1975 |
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe[22] |
12 July 1975 |
Peoples Republic of Bangladesh |
4 October 1975 |
Dominion of Fiji |
5 November 1975 |
Independent State of Western Samoa |
6 November 1975 |
Comorian State (now Union of the Comoros)[8] |
13 November 1975 |
Republic of Cape Verde[8] |
25 April 1976 |
Republic of Suriname |
28 May 1976 |
Republic of Seychelles[8] |
30 June 1976 |
Independent State of Papua New Guinea |
12 October 1976 |
Republic of Liberia [23] |
17 February 1977 |
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan |
7 April 1977 |
Barbados |
30 May 1977 |
Sultanate of Oman |
25 May 1978 |
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (now State of Libya) |
9 August 1978 |
United States of America |
1 January 1979 |
Republic of Djibouti[8] |
8 January 1979 |
Portuguese Republic |
8 February 1979 |
Republic of Ireland |
22 June 1979 |
1980s
1990s
Country |
Date |
Republic of Namibia[8] |
22 March 1990 |
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
21 July 1990 |
Republic of Singapore |
3 October 1990 |
Republic of the Marshall Islands[29] |
16 November 1990 |
Republic of Estonia |
11 September 1991 |
Republic of Latvia |
12 September 1991 |
Republic of Lithuania |
14 September 1991 |
State of Brunei Darussalam |
30 September 1991 |
Republic of Uzbekistan |
2 January 1992 |
Republic of Kazakhstan |
3 January 1992 |
Republic of Tajikistan |
4 January 1992 |
Ukraine |
4 January 1992 |
Kyrgyz Republic |
5 January 1992 |
Turkmenistan |
6 January 1992 |
Republic of Belarus |
20 January 1992 |
State of Israel |
24 January 1992 |
Republic of Moldova |
30 January 1992 |
Republic of Azerbaijan |
2 April 1992 |
Republic of Armenia |
6 April 1992 |
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (now the Republic of Serbia)[7] |
28 April 1992 |
Republic of Georgia |
9 June 1992 |
Republic of Slovenia |
12 May 1992 |
Republic of Croatia |
13 May 1992 |
Republic of Korea (South Korea) |
24 August 1992 |
State of Eritrea[8] |
24 May 1993 |
Republic of Macedonia |
12 October 1993 |
Principality of Andorra |
29 June 1994 |
Principality of Monaco[30] |
16 January 1995 |
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
3 April 1995 |
Commonwealth of the Bahamas |
23 May 1997 |
Cook Islands |
25 July 1997 |
Saint Lucia[31] |
1 September 1997 |
Republic of South Africa[8] |
1 January 1998 |
Kingdom of Tonga |
2 November 1998 |
2000s
Country |
Date |
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste |
20 May 2002 |
Republic of Nauru [32] |
21 July 2002 |
Commonwealth of Dominica |
31 March 2004 |
Republic of Montenegro |
6 July 2006 |
Republic of Costa Rica |
1 June 2007 |
Niue |
12 December 2007 |
Republic of Malawi |
28 December 2007 |
2010s
See also
- PRC
- Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
- ROC
Notes and references
- ↑ Succeeded by Russia
- ↑ Succeeded by the Czech Republic. Diplomatic relations with the |Slovak Republic were established on 1 January 1993, mutually agreed to trace the date of establishment of diplomatic relations back to 6 October 1949.</
- ↑ Succeeded by the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 On 6 January 1950, the United Kingdom recognized the PRC and requested the exchange of ambassadors, but this was refused. The UK and The Netherlands established diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level with the PRC on 17 June 1954 and 19 November 1954 respectively. The PRC government does not regard the semi-diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level as formal diplomatic ties. The UK does. The PRC consented to the exchange of ambassadors with the UK on 13 March 1972 and with The Netherlands on 18 May 1972. See Sino-British relations for further details.
- ↑ "Britain Recognizes Chinese Communists: Note delivered in Peking". The Times (London). 7 January 1950. p. 6. ISSN 0140-0460.
- ↑ Bilateral relations between Switzerland and China (page visited on 19 August 2014).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Serbia attempted to succeed but all other former Yugoslav Republics deferred the attempt, and no consensus was reached in the first period. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia est. 1992-02-28 was not granted successorship and was placed under international sanctions. In 2001 an Agreement on Succession Issues was signed and reached validity in 2004, by the provisions of that Agreement FRY is not the successor of SFRY. Serbia and Montenegro succeeded the United Nations seat of the FRY (joined the UN as a new member on 2000-11-01) "Succession" of recognition by Serbia, successor state of Serbia and Montenegro is due to international law inadmissible. Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on the former Yugoslavia Opinion No. 10 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - Serbia and Montenegro). In this decision, the Commission ruled that the FRY (Serbia and Montenegro) could not legally be considered a continuation of the former SFRY, but was rather a new state. Thus the European Community (and the UN) should not automatically recognize the FRY, but apply to it the same criteria applied to the recognition of the other post-SFRY states.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 "Diplomatic Ties Between China and African Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Succeeded by the Republic of Yemen. Date of establishment of diplomatic relations was set back to 24 September 1956.
- ↑ "Bilateral Relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Congo (Kin)". Note also that the Kinshasa-side's state was officially named "Republic of Congo" at the time.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 13 October 1971 after Burundi unilaterally severed relations on 29 January 1965.
- ↑ PRC had established diplomatic relations with the predecessors of Tanzania, Tanganyika and Zanzibar on 9 December 1961 and 11 December 1963, respectively.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 29 January 1998. CAR resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 8 July 1991.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 29 December 1972. Benin resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC in April 1966.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were raised to ambassadorial level on 15 July 1991.
- ↑ Senegal resumed diplomatic relations with the ROC on 6 January 1996. Ties with the PRC were severed from 9 January 1996, until 25 October 2005, when ties were resumed.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 6 August 2006. Diplomatic relations were severed on 15 August 1997 after Chad resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 12 August 1997.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 4 February 1994. Burkina Faso resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 2 February 1994.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 13 April 1998. Guinea Bissau recognized the ROC on 26 May 1990.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 19 August 1996. PRC suspended diplomatic relations on 19 July 1992 after Niger resumed ties with the ROC on 30 June 1992.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 25 July 1995. Gambia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 13 July 1995.
- ↑ São Tomé and Príncipe established diplomatic relations with the ROC on 6 May 1997. The PRC suspended diplomatic relations on the same day.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 10 August 1993. Liberia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 9 October 1989. Diplomatic relations with the PRC has been severed since 9 September 1997 because the Liberian Government's recognition of a "Two Chinas" Policy. However, the PRC and Liberia normalized their relations on 11 October 2003.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 29 November 2003. Kiribati recognized the ROC on 7 November 2003.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 12 January 1994. Lesotho resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 5 April 1990.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were restored on 20 January 2005. Grenada recognized the ROC on 19 July 1989.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 9 November 1990. Nicaragua resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 6 November 1990.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 23 October 1989. Belize recognized the ROC on 11 October 1989.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 11 December 1998. Marshall Islands recognized the ROC on 20 November 1998.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were raised to ambassadorial level on 6 February 2006.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 5 May 2007. St. Lucia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 30 April 2007.
- ↑ Diplomatic relations were severed on 31 May 2005. Nauru resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on 14 May 2005.
External links
|
---|
| |
---|
| Africa | |
---|
| Asia | |
---|
| Europe | |
---|
| North America | |
---|
| Oceania | |
---|
| South America | |
---|
|
| | | | | | | |
|